March 2004, 
Editor: Mimi Lozano ©2000-4

Dedicated to Hispanic Heritage and Diversity Issues
 Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research

Capt. Paul Trejo, 1984

The probability that we may fall in the struggle ought not to
deter us from the support of a cause we believe to be just;
 it shall not deter me.
-- Abraham Lincoln, 
Speech in the Illinois House of Representatives, December 26, 1839.

The National Genealogical Society will hold their Annual Conference May 19-22, 2004 in Sacramento, California.  For Details and To Register On Line http://www.ngsgenealogy.org

UNITED STATES

Orange County Register, Feb 19, 2004 by Eugene Garcia

Mendez vs.Westminster
 LULAC 1946 Success 
 

    
League of United 
Latin American Citizens

CELEBRATES 75TH ANNIVERSARY

Nation's Oldest and Largest Hispanic Organization Honors 
Legacy of Success

Members: About 100,000 in 44 states

Mission: Social, political, economic and educational rights for Hispanics in the United States.

LULAC'S MILESTONES

. Feb. 17, 1929: The League of United Latin American Citizens is formed in Corpus Christi, Texas.

. 1930: LULAC desegregates hundreds of public places from barber and beauty shops to swimming pools, restrooms, water drinking fountains, public dinning places and hotels.

. 1931: LULAC organized and provided funding for the Salvatierra versus Del Rio Independent School District case, the first class-action lawsuit against segregated "Mexican Schools."

. 1936: LULAC pressured the United States Bureau of the Census to reclassify persons of Mexican descent from "Mexican" to "White." The 1940 census count reflected the change.

. 1940: LULAC plays a major role in filing discrimination cases for the Federal Employment Practices Commission, the first federal civil rights agency.

. 1946: In Santa Ana, California, LULAC files the "Mendez vs. Westminister' lawsuit" that ends 100 years of segregation in California's public schools and becomes a key precedent for Brown vs. Board of Education.

. 1947: LULAC protests the refusal to bury war veteran Felix Longoria in his hometown of Three Rivers, Texas, and assists in his burial at the Arlington National Cemetery in Washington, D.C. The incident leads to the formation of the "American G.I. Forum" organization for Mexican American veterans.

. 1948: LULAC attorneys file the "Delgado versus Bastrop Independent School District" lawsuit that ends the segregation of Mexican American children in Texas.

. 1954: LULAC attorneys take the "Hernandez vs. The State of Texas" lawsuit case to the Supreme Court, winning the right for Mexican Americans to serve on juries.

. 1957: LULAC pilots the "Little School of the 400" project, a preschool program dedicated to teaching 400 basic English words to Spanish speaking preschool children. The program becomes the model for Headstart under the Lyndon B. Johnson administration.

. 1966: LULAC and the American G.I. Forum join forces to organize SER - Jobs for Progress, now the largest and the most successful work power program in the nation.

. 1968: LULAC creates the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF), the legal arm of the Latino community.

. 1969: LULAC builds its 2,000 housing unit for low income renters.

. 1970: LULAC files the "Cisneros vs. Corpus School District" lawsuit that defines Hispanic Americans as a minorities for the first time.

. 1973: LULAC creates the LULAC National Educational Service Centers (LNESC) to provide educational services to Hispanic students. Today LNESC serves more than 20,000 students a year through its network of 17 educational centers.

. 1975: LULAC forms the "LULAC National Scholarship Fund" administered by LNESC in order to centralize its scholarship gifts which date back to 1932.

. 1980: LULAC files numerous lawsuits with MALDEF and the Southwest Voter Education Project forcing the creation of single member districts throughout the United States.

. 1986: LULAC plays a leading role the formation and passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.

. 1995: LULAC established the "Commitment with America" to better serve Hispanic American communities.

. 1996: LULAC establishes the LULAC Institute to provide model volunteer programs for Latino communities.

. 2000: LULAC issues the "LULAC Challenge" to candidates for elective office in order to establish their positions on the top ten issues of concern for Hispanic Americans.

. 2003: LULAC attorneys settle "LULAC vs. INS" class action lawsuit that provides an avenue for
 100,000 immigrants to become permanent legal residents.

  2004: LULAC announces the LULAC Leadership Initiative to revitalize Hispanic neighborhoods from within by creating innovative grass roots programs in over 700 Hispanic communities served by LULAC Councils.

Mendez Marches on
by Raksha Varma 
The Orange County Register, Feb 19, 2004
Sent by Sandra Robbie, srobbie@koce.org

Please make all inquiries to: classifiedfilms3@yahoo.com
BETRAYAL & VIOLATIONS
P.O. Box 2006, Santa Ana, CA. 92707-0006
Alfonso Alvarez (714) 309-4072 powfreedom@sbcglobal.net  Gerardo Briceno (714) 754-1004

A 2004 Smithsonian Institute for the Interpretation and Representation of Latino Cultures Conference will be held June 21 to July 2.  Application deadline April 9, 2004. For more information, go to http://latino.si.edu/SIIRLC or send an email to Latino conference@si.edu

American Memory Website 
The Library of Congress has released a new addition to the American Memory Website of more than 120 thematically organized collections.  The Stars and Stripes: The American Soldiers' Newspaper of World War I, 1918-1919 is available at http://www.loc.gov . The Stars and Stripes newspaper was published in France by the U.S. Army from February 8, 1918 to June 13, 1919.  by early 1918, American forces were dispersed throughout the Western front, often mixed at the unit level with British, French and Italian forces.  The eight-page weekly featured news form home, poetry, cartoon and sports news.  On borrowed printing presses, the staff produced a paper with a circulation that peaked at 526,000 copies.  The new online collection present the complete run of the WWI edition.

The following website links you to the Library of Congress site with pictures from WWII and the Depression era: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fahome.html
Source: California HISTORIAN , Vol. 50, No. 2, Winter 2003

MediaPost's Media Daily News
http://www.mediapost.com/dtls_dsp_news.cfm?newsID=233620

Over the past several years, the Latino community has emerged as a critical market for traditional planners and buyers, but only recently has the online sector begun taking the presence of Hispanic users as seriously. In fact, it was only last November that online giant America Online launched its largest Spanish-language advertising effort in an attempt to corner the lucrative market. Now the entire online community appears to be following suit with an industry-wide effort aimed at Hispanic consumers. 

Major online Hispanic publishers, including AOL Latino, MSN Latino, Yahoo! en espanol, Terra Lycos, and Nielsen//NetRatings, among others, have banded together through the Interactive Advertising Bureau to form the IAB Hispanic Committee, marking the first time these major companies have worked as a unified voice on issues related to Hispanic marketing on the Internet. The committee's primary function will be to educate advertisers and agencies about how to reach the online Hispanic community through advertising, as well as the marketing benefits and value of using advertising to reach them. The committee expects to complete these initiatives through research, standards development, and stakeholder education. 

"Since U.S. Hispanics are coming online three times faster than the general market, the Internet has become a great new way to reach the largest minority group in the country," said Peter Blacker, vice president-international & Hispanic advertising at AOL Latino. 

"Through this committee we plan to educate brand marketers about the ways in which Latinos are consuming the Internet, and how we can become a valuable partner in reaching them. We plan to issue reports to break the myth about U.S. Hispanics' Internet habits, and will work to empower leaders within the industry to help bridge the digital divide and offer consumers a real value proposition for getting connected," Blacker added. 

In conjunction with the formal announcement of the committee, the IAB Hispanic Committee readied its first presentation, entitled "Reach U.S. Hispanics through Online Marketing," which they plan to send out to agencies, advertisers, and marketers. The presentation includes research, case studies and demographic evidence intended to demonstrate the effectiveness of marketing to the Hispanic community. 

According to research conducted by comScore Media Metrix cited by the committee, U.S. Hispanics view 15% more pages and spend 9% more time online than the general U.S. market. Also, more than 14 million U.S. Hispanics already have access to the Internet, a number that will certainly continue to rise, especially since a staggering 45% of Hispanics are 24 years of age or younger, according to Nielsen NHTI 2002 Universe estimates. 

"The Internet has opened a world of new opportunities for Hispanic marketers seeking to reach a national audience with one media buy," said Adam Gelles, director of industry initiatives at the IAB, who cited that the committee's success will surely be founded on the strength and support of all the industry leaders who participate on the committee. 

The full list of IAB member companies currently participating on the Hispanic Committee is as follows: 360i, AOL, comScore Networks, InsightExpress, La Opinión Digital, MSN Latino, Nielsen//NetRatings, StarMedia, Terra Lycos, Univision, and Yahoo! en español. 

This is the first Latino Organization to Host It's Own Online Voter Registration Service without other outside sponsorship. Thanks to SVREP nationwide Latinos can exercise their right to vote at the push a button with voter registration in all 50 states in an effort to bridge the Latino digital divide. 
Important voting resources such as polling election dates and absentee ballot applications are also available at http://www.svrep.org .

"Nationally Latinos represent a growing share of the Internet community and recognizing that strength we anticipate that it will become a great tool towards our future political empowerment," stated Antonio González, SVREP President. "We at SVREP are proud to provide this service to our community and invite all those who need to register or re-register to vote to do so at our website."

Southwest Voter Registration Education Project (SVREP) is the oldest national non-profit non-partisan organization committed solely to the political empowerment of Latino communities through voter registration, voter education and voter participation. SVREP was established by the late Willie Velásquez in 1974 in Phoenix, Arizona to encourage civic and political participation in Latino and other underrepresented communities. Since its inception, SVREP has registered over 2.2 million Latino voters throughout the southwest and Florida. SVREP has offices in San Antonio, Texas; Los Angeles, California; Miami, Florida; and Phoenix, Arizona. 

Please visit http://www.svrep.org  for more information. 
Sandra Pérez Regional Director, Southwest Voter Registration Education Project (323) 343-9299 voice>(323) 343-9100 fax Su Voto Es Su Voz 

Antonio Gonzalez (323) 343-9299, Lydia Camarillo (210) 922-0225, Alvaro Fernandez (305) 531-2520, Lydia Guzman (602) 268-8683

Family Fact of the Week: Unbelievable "While 79 percent of Americans believe there is a God, only 66 percent are absolutely certain of it. Nine percent do not believe in God and 12 percent aren't sure. 

In October of last year, Ford Motor Company began asking all "Rosies" and their descendants to tell their stories on a special page on the Ford website http://www.ford.com/go/rosie .  With support from the National Park Foundation and the National Park Service, Ford plans to use these stories to create exhibits in the visitor center of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park in Richmond, California.

Ford invites all "Rosies" and "Rosie" relative or friends to share their experiences, anecdotes, or mementos of the effort.  To submit a story, visit http://www.ford.com/go/rosie .

Source: Orange County California Genealogical Society Newsletter, February 2004

This new memorial will honor the 16 million who served in the armed forces of the U.S. during World War II, the more than 400,000 who died, and the millions who supported the war effort from home. Symbolic of the defining event of the 20th Century, the memorial will be monument to the spirit, sacrifice, and commitment of the American people to the common defense of the nation and to the broader causes of peace and freedom from tyranny throughout the world.  it will inspire future generations of American, deepening their appreciation of what the World War II generation accomplished in securing freedom and democracy.  above all, the memorial will stand as an important symbol of American national unity, a timeless reminder of the moral strength and awesome power that can flow when a free people are at once united and bonded together in a common and just. 

The American Battle Monuments commission (ABMC) is an independent, executive branch agency that administers, operates and maintains 24 permanent permanent U.S. military cemeteries and 25 memorial structures in 15 countries around the world.  The commission is also responsible for the establishment of other memorials in the U.S. as directed by Congress.

The memorial will be located at the east end of the Reflecting Pool, between the Washington and Lincoln monuments in Washington, D.C.  The monument is to be completed in March and dedicated May 29, 2004.

There are 4 distinct databases as part of this memorial:
1. Individuals buried in American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) at overseas military cemeteries.
2. Those memorialized on "ABMC" Tablets of the Missing.
3. Those individuals honored by public enrollment in the Registry of Remembrances.
4. Those listed on official War and Navy Department killed in Service rosters held by the National Archives and Records Administration.

To locate a family member who served or register one you'd like remembered. 
http://www.wwiimemorial.com/

National Archives Rotunda
Planned Lectures 
Friday: May 28, 2004:  10:30, 1:00, 3:00 
Sunday, May 30, 2004: 10:30, 1:00

Here Judge Aguirre stands between, Charlie Villegas (left), the son of Ysmael Villegas, Medal of Honor recipient, and Ysmael's brother, Robert Villegas.  Photo taken in the Orange, California following a presentation of the project concept to the members of the Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research, SHHAR. 

Korean War Patrol, Soviet Waters

USS BLENNY (SS-324) 
By Capt. Paul Trejo

USS Blenny at the time of deployment to the Far East in 1952
 http://www.webenet.net/~ftoon/memory/f_memory.html
             

Blenny completed her conversion from a Fleet boat to a Guppy IA at the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in August 1951 and reported to Submarine Squadron 3 alongside the USS Sperry (AS-12) in San Diego. The remainder of 1951 and the Winter of 1952 was spent furnishing ASW services to destroyers and aircraft of the Pacific Fleet. Perhaps more important, this timeframe served as a shakedown period to increase the proficiency of the officers and crew in handling a submarine that could achieve 21 knots on the half hour rate, and especially learning how to snorkel, which can have its exciting moments, especially if there is any sea running.   

On Wednesday, April 30, 1952, we left San Diego, stopping at Pearl Harbor, and arrived in Yokosuka, Japan on May 15th. After a turn over briefing from our sister submarine the USS Blackfin (SS-322), which had just returned from a patrol in the area assigned to us, we departed on patrol May 29th, 1952. Blenny's Commanding Officer was  Commander James S. Bryant, USN, her Executive Officer was Lt. Leo Chaffin, USNR. Her other officers were Lt. Robinson, USN, Lt. George Phillips, USN, Ltjg. Robert Rawlins, USN, Ltjg. Paul Trejo, USN, and Ltjg. David Sanger, USNR.

After four days of running on the surface at night and snorkeling during the day, Blenny arrived in her patrol area on June 2nd. Our area was in the waters of the La Perouse Straights, a body of water situated between the Northern tip of the Japanese Island of Hokkaido and the Russian Island of Sakhalin. This was the Japanese Island ceded to the Soviet Union after WW-2 as war reparations. This area was a heavily traveled route for cargo ships proceeding to Vladivostok, their decks loaded with everything from trucks to tanks. 

Reconnaissance or spy patrol were normally conducted in this area in the period from early Spring until the late Fall, usually mid-March until late October, as this was the only time of the year when Vladivostok was completely ice free. During these months the Russians would ship enough cargoes through the Straights to supply their Northern Pacific submarine fleet and their other naval bases. Evidentially it was easier, and perhaps more economical, to supply these requirements by ship, then by transshipment over the long Siberian railroad. Needless to say, the traffic was very heavy as they had only these few "ice free" months to "stock up" for the year. During this patrol we monitored several hundred ships, identifying each ship, photographing their deck cargoes and obtaining other visual information, such as "clipper bow, mast, funnel, mast, kingposts, and transom stern. There was a bright search light on Nishi Notoro on the southern tip of Sakhalin, that could be seen for miles at sea when it was operating. When that light was active it always seem to presage that an increasing amount of shipping would be transiting the straight.  

A second task was to monitor any Russian warships passing through the area. This was most difficult to achieve and still remain undetected. These ships were more often than not operating as a division of three or four Russian destroyers, and they were tough customers. 

We not only photographed these ships through the periscope, but we monitored all their electronic emissions as well. This involved brief exposures of the ECM (Electronic Counter Measures) mast. There was no question in my mind that the Soviets were aware of our presence in the area, Russian patrol boats were frequently in the area, operating out of the port of Otomari on the southern tip of Sakhalin, the Japanese Island ceded to Russia at the end of WW2 as war reparations. At one point we were detected and pinned down by three Russia Destroyers. They made repeated runs over us, and we were at battle stations torpedo for about four hours, with warshots in the tubes. Finally, we found a temperature layer at test depth, that we were able to hide under, and sneak away. This is a layer of colder, denser water, which bends a searching sonar beam upward.  One often wonders in a game of "chicken" who will be stupid enough to fire the first shot, and trigger a major international incident, if not a war. In the "Cold War" with Russia in the years ahead, a great many serious "playing chicken" incidents did occur, but between US and soviet submarines. On several occasions collisions did occur, causing varying degrees of damage.

As a bonus, we had on board a Chief Radioman by the name of Donald Byham. In civilian life Donald was a talented commercial artist who had been recalled to active duty for the Korean War. He was blessed with and instant photographic memory, in that he could look at and object like a ship, close his eyes, and immediately produce an accurate sketch from memory. When we were photographing a ship, after we had taken a photo with the camera through the periscope, Byham would make a series of short visual observations through the periscope. He would then close his eyes for a second, and from memory produce a complete sketch of the ship. As it turned out, Byham was able to see things thay were in the shadows that the camera could not detect. On returning to Yokosuka, these sketches were submitted to naval intelligence with our patrol report. After examining these sketches, Byham was later awarded a letter of commendation.

We had one bit of excitement that occurred during this patrol. One morning while at periscope depth (62 feet), flooding developed from around a bad leak around the shaft of the sound dome in the forward torpedo room. Since we were in a critical area we could not surface to make the repair, which meant the water was coming in under considerable sea pressure. The torpedo room was immediately isolated and sealed off by closing the watertight door between the forward battery compartment and the forward torpedo room. A pressure of 30psi was built up in the compartment by bleeding in air from the low pressure air system to prevent further flooding. Our Executive Officer, Lt. Leo Chaffin, was in charge of damage control. The problem was ultimately solved by using two main engine semicircle bearing shells from the main engines, fitted together around the shaft packing to stop the leak. 

Our first class auxiliary man named James Skelly was placed in the well, head down, with someone hanging on to his feet, to make the repair. Skelly volunteered, and he was a small man that could work in the confined space. Later, Skelly received a letter of commendation for his efforts. It took several hours to bleed down the pressure in the forward torpedo room and get the people out. This was done by cracking the watertight door (on it's dogs) between the forward torpedo room and the forward battery, and letting the pressure bleed off into the boat.

Blenny's patrol was interrupted by a medical emergency. An Auxiliary man developed what appeared to be a brain tumor. We put into the port of Otaru on the Southwest coast of the island of Hokkaido. From there he was transported to the Army hospital at Sapporo. Blenny then resumed her patrol.

Blenny returned to Yokosuka on July 11, 1952, completing a patrol of 44 days. Except for the interruption noted above, Blenny was submerged the entire time, snorkeling at night to charge batteries and air banks.

For the next several months Blenny was engaged in providing a target for Anti Submarine Warfare (ASW) training exercises in the waters of Japan. Operation were conducted with the aircraft carriers Bairoko CVE-115, Badoeng Strait CVE-116, Sicily CVE-118, and other fleet units. During these exercises, opportunities occurred while "showing the flag" for good will visits to Atomi in Sagami Wan, the cities of Kamakura, Kobe, Hakadate, on the island of Hokkaido, and other Japanese ports.

The highlight of this cruise for me, was that I completed my qualification for being designated: "Qualified in Submarines", and earning the right to wear the twin gold dolphins breast pin of a submarine officer. I took my "at sea phase" of my final qualification on board the USS Scabbardfish (SS-397). Also qualifying with me that day was my shipmate LTjg. David M. Sanger. Blenny departed Yokosuka on October 18th, and after a brief stop at Pearl Harbor arrived in San Diego on November 8th, 1952. Our deployment lasted six months, and eight days. During this period, Blenny completed 177 dives, had a total of 991 hours, 15 seconds, submerged, and traveled 21,000 miles. Her crew consumed 36.5 tons of food and 2912 gallons of coffee. Of her crew of 8 officers and 77 men, two officers and 26 men qualified in submarines.
                                                       
Paul Trejo, 
Capt. USNR, (Ret.) February, 2004
  

Blenny Commissary Department 
Left to Right: Willams, SD3, Harold Street, SD3, Michael Geraci, CS3,  Paul Welch, CS1,    
Kneeling: Ltjg Paul Trejo

[[In answer to my questions of equivalent ranks, Capt. Trejo, USNR  sent the following.]]

Top Row Standing: Left to Right:
William Bellow, ENC,USN, Rodger Byham, RMC, USNR, Dennis Rathbun, ETC, USN, Bernard Hahn, ENC, USN, Chief of The Boat, Robert Greves, HMC, USN, Jack Hawver, TMC, USN, Carrol Tarver, QMC, USN, Grant Andrick, EMC, USN, Owen Dobson, EMC, USN.   

Front Row Kneeling: Left to Right:
LTJG. Robert Rawlins, USN, LTJG. David Sanger, USNR, LT. Leo Chafin, USNR, Executive Officer, Commander James S. Brayant, USN, Commanding Officer,  LT. William H. Robinson, Jr., USN, LT. George Phillips, USN, LTJG James K. Lyman,USN, LTJG. Paul E. Trejo,USN. 

Paul Trejo, Christmas Leave, 1944 
with home town girl, Dorothy Jean Mills

August 17, 1966, 
Proud father swears son Les into the Navy.

Capt Trejo served in the Navy, 40 years, 15 years USN and 25 years USNR, which included WW-2, Korea, and a short tour in VietNam. 

August 21, 1967, when squadron 884 went into the Naval Airstation (NAS) in Atsugi Japan, to rearm during my VietNam tour, my son was stationed there. The navy did a photo op of "Father and Son Serving Together"  At the time I was a Commander and the photo was widely published. "Father and Son Serving Together" 

Commander USNR Paul Trejo & son Les Trejo, Communication Yeoman, YCN

Father and Son Serving Together 
August 21, 1967

HISPANIC AMERICAN HEROES PROJECT

2005 Texas Event
Information Reported by Jack Cowan, JVC4321@aol.com

The month of July has been set for the Texas 2005 Hispanic American Heroes Series event, three days of honoring the Tejano cattlemen.. Jack Cowan is the incoming president for the  San Antonio Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution. Jack will also be serving as the chairman of the Texas SAR ROTC Program. Contact and support has already been acknowledge from both the Texas State DAR, and local DAR. The heritage Granaderos have expressed an interest in supporting the project.

In the planning stages progress has been made for a commemorative trail ride. The trail boss has assured Jack that July will not be a problem. The trail ride will go from San Antonio to Karns City. The events will include a parade, Bar-B-Q, cowboy breakfast, and a Louisiana style masquerade ball. This 1779, Texas-Spanish historic style event has been very well received. In addition to historical groups, several business organizations are showing an interest.

SURNAME

TREJO

Uno de los personajes más importantes de esta casa fue don Gabriel Trejo Paniagua, Monroy y Trejo, natural de Plasencia, Caballero de la Orden de Alcántara (1602), Colegial Mayor en el de Arzobispo de Salamanca donde fue Catedrático de Vísperas, Fiscal de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid, Fiscal del Consejo de las Ordenes, Oidor del Consejo Real e Inquisidor y Comisario General de la Santa Cruzada. Al final de su vida fue elevado a la silla episcopal de Málaga y hecho Cardenal a instancias de Felipe III por el Papa Paulo V, el 2 de diciembre de 1615 con el título de San Nereo y Achileo. El Rey Felipe IV le dio el Arzobispado de Salerno, en Nápoles.

Don Francisco de Trejo Monroy y Paniagua, Caballero de la Orden de Calatrava en 1610, natural de Plasencia, Corregidor de Burgos y Málaga, fue agraciado por Felipe IV con los títulos de Marqués de la Mota del Trejo en 1629 y con el de Marqués de la Rosa en 1628. El Real Despacho de esta última dignidad, se expidió por Carlos II, a su descendiente don Fernando de Cerda, Trejo, Monroy y Bermúdez Grimaldo, del Consejo de Italia, Caballero de Santiago y Comendador de las Casas de Córdoba en ella, por cédula del año 1683. De esta rama proceden los Trejo del Perú.

El expresado don Francisco Trejo, fue bautizado en el lugar de las Casas de San Millán, Cáceres, el 12 de enero de 1570, y era Señor de de la Villa de Chamartín de la Rosa, Madrid, y poseedor de la Baronía de Baluf en Italia. Dio poder para testar en Madrid, el 14 de enero de 1648, ante el escribano Juan Núñez Guerra, estando casado con doña Isabel de Jáuregui y Martínez de Salazar, en quien hubo a don Gabriel de Trejo Monroy, Colegial Mayor de San José en Salamanca, II Marqués de la Mota del Trejo y de la Rosa, ilustre religioso que desempeñó el cargo de Arcediano de Béjar, en el Obispado de Plasencia.

En la Real Academia de la Historia de España, existe un notable trabajo manuscrito sobre los Trejo, realizado por don Blas de Salazar, en 1630, dedicado a don Luis Bermúdez de Trejo, cuarto Señor de este nombre, Caballero del hábito de Santiago, Señor de Grimaldo, Castillo , Las Corchuelas, Aguas Vertientes, Atajo y demás heredades de que se componía está casa, de la que el expresado era Cabeza y Pariente Mayor de ella.

La nobleza de sangre de esta familia, fue probada por el ingreso en la Orden de Santiago de los siguientes Caballeros:

Don Luis Trejo y Gasca, natural de la villa de Alcántara, Señor de Grimaldo, Maestre de Campo de los Tercios de Infantería Española en Italia y Flandes y Gobernador de la Caballería en Andalucía, en 1623; don Pedro de Trejo y Gasca, Plasencia, 1613; don Antonio de Trejo y Monroy, Plasencia, 1629; don Andrés de Trejo y de Monte Alegre . Toledo, 1652; don Juan de Trejo y Verdugo, San Agustín, 1700; don Francisco Doroteo Daza y Hernández de Trejo. Madrid, 1682; don Juan Antonio Daza y Bermúdez de Trejo. Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, 1682; don Gabriel de Paredes y de Vargas, Balbuena y Trejo. Plasencia, 1702; don Vicente de la Cerda Denti, de Trejo y Casteli. Madrid, 1697; don Antonio de la Serna y Quiñones, Trejo y Frías. Madrid, 1625; don Antonio de Figueroa y Zafra, de Trejo y Sánchez, Badajoz, 1628, y don Fern ando de la Cerda y Trejo, de Ibarra y de Jáuregui. Vitoria, 1666.

El hábito de la Orden de Calatrava, lo vistió en 1610, el expresado don Francisco de Trejo, en 1520; don Felipe de Trejo y Carvajal y don Gabriel de Trejo y Paniagua, en 1602, ambos de Plasencia.

Ante la Sala de los Hijosdalgo de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid, litigaron por el reconocimiento de su nobleza, ante las justicias de los lugares que se expresan:

Don Alonso Trejo, Villafáfila, Zamora, 1740; don Andrés de Trejo, Villasbuenas, Cáceres, 1537; don Antón y don Hernando de Trejo, Almaraz, Cáceres, 1542, y don Alonso de Trejo Monroy,Toro, Zamora, 1774.

Don José Florencio Fernández Barragán y Trejo, natural del lugar de la Purísima Concepción de Maíz, en San Luis Potosí, Capitán del Puerto Provincial de Milicias de la Frontera del Nuevo Santander, donde nació el año 1758, ingresó previas probanzas nobiliarias de sus linajes en la Real y Distinguida Orden Española de Carlos III, en 1800. Por línea materna procedía de una vieja rama asentada en Huichapán.

El Capitán don Diego de Trejo, natural de Plasencia valiente militar que combatió al servicio de los Reyes Católicos en la rendición de Granada, casó con doña Isabel de Contreras, y tuvo en esta dama a don Pedro de Trejo y Contreras, de la misma naturaleza, desposado a su vez con doña N. de la Torre. Este último Caballero Pasó a la Nueva España en 1537 y tuvo una destacada actuación en la pacificación de Jalisco, desposándose allí.

Don Diego de Trejo y de la Torre, hijo del anterior, fue poblador y Regidor Perpetuo de la ciudad de Chiapa, y su hijo de igual nombre el Capitán don Diego de Trejo, participa en 1561, contando veinticuatro años de edad, en la conquista de Costa Rica, donde tuvo relevantes cargos y dejó dilatada e ilustre sucesión.

Don Francisco de Trejo González, natural de Coria, Cáceres, también está en el rol de los conquistadores de la Nueva España, quien procedente de la Isla Española llega a México en 1536, participando en la pacificación de Nueva Galicia con el Virrey, siendo en 1547 vecino de Guadalajara.

En la Conquista del Río de la Plata, figuraron el Capitán don Hernando de Trejo y Carvajal de Figueroa, natural de Plasencia donde poseía mayorazgo, expedicionario en la armada de Sanabría, casado con doña Ana de Mendoza y doña María de Sanabria. Testó en 1557, y de su primer enlace, hubo entre otros hijos a don Hernando de Trejo, Obispo de Tucumán. También aparecen en dicha conquista don Sancho de Trejo, muerto en 1541 y don Sebastián de Trejo, expedicionario con Cabeza de Vaca, que se encontró en la fundación del Puerto de San Juan, el año 1542.

También perteneció a este distinguido linaje, don Pedro de Trejo, nacido por 1534 en Plasencia, que pasó a la Nueva España en 1556, notable poeta y escritor, autor del “Cancionero General”, sentenciado por el Santo Oficio en un ruidoso pleito por blasfemias. Casó con doña Isabel  Corona,en la que tuvo a don Francisco y a don Esteban de Trejo y Corona, residiendo en las ciudades de Zacatecas y Guadalajara. En 1575, salió a cumplir sentencia de soldado forzado, ignorándose su suerte.

ORANGE COUNTY, CA

A view of the World Along the I-10

Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research Quarterly Meeting
March 27, 2004, 
Orange Family History Center, 
674 S. Yorba, City of  Orange

SPEAKER: ROBERT GONZALES

"Living On the Dime"
A view of the World Along the I-10
10 a.m. NO Cost

Executive Director, Inland Mexican Heritage, Southern California
http://www.mexicanheritage.org/

Family History Research Assistance and Networking, 
Before and After, 9-10 and 11-12

Living On the Dime tells stories of the people and the land from San Bernardino and Riverside, two counties that make up the region popularly known as the ‘Inland Empire’. Specifically, a stretch of Interstate 10 that runs through the population center of one county and the rapidly changing rural fringe of the other, from Rialto to Blythe, California.

It is also a story of sacrificing rivers of earth, stone, and water to construct a new ‘river’, a river of technology, concrete, and steel that has served to increase wealth and centralize development, replacing and in some cases obliterating communities, and altering migration and transportation routes throughout the region. Many residents including descendants of the earliest inhabitants and the most recent arrivals will relate these stories. Their stories will form the basis for a narrative looking at perceptions of the region, its people, and the physical landscape, a narrative that will be incorporated in project activities and presented to the public throughout the region.

‘Living on the Dime’ seeks to connect people and bridge gaps of communication between communities and individuals through presentations involving diverse groups in neighborhoods throughout the region. A primary project goal is to bring together both as audiences and participants, people representing a wide spectrum of ethnic, economic, and cultural backgrounds.

In 1997, he founded Redlands Oral History Project to further this work, assembling a significant archive collection of photos, documents, and interviews which formed the basis for Visions and Versions: Living Lives in the East Valley, a Mexican heritage program and exhibit series. In 2001 Gonzales began work on The Line, a feature length video documentary, and The Other Side of the Road: Memories, Histories, and Mexican Heritage of the East Valley, a series of books based on his research. 

He is also the founder and current director of Inland Mexican Heritage, a community based cultural and social research organization. His work with Inland Mexican Heritage and as director of the Living on the Dime project brings his professional and personal life full circle, weaving together elements of history, social and environmental justice, and his passion for gathering 'lost' stories of local communities.

The Art of Eddie Martinez
Meet the artist, Saturday, March 6th, 10-12 a.m. 

Temecula City Museum
28314 Mercedes Street, Temecula, CA 92590
in Sam Hicks Monument Park, Old Town 
 Administrative Office:  909-694-6452

FAMILY HISTORY FAIR at 674 S. YORBA ST., ORANGE, CA.
35 classes on Starting Family History
3 specifically on Hispanic and many general classes, from writing your family history to taking photos and organizing your documents and files.
For more information, call the FHC at 714-997-7710

Isabelle Villasenor had no plan to be part of a family business when she was a young mother .  Today the Corona del Mar resident has both daughters, now grown, and a son-in-law working in her company, DeJon Enterprises in Cypress, franchisee of seven McDonald's in Orange and Los Angeles counties. 

A series of speakers addressed various aspect of Hispanic and family-business issues from succession planning to taxes.  California State University Fullerton's Family Business Council presented the conference and Bank of American sponsored it. Hispanics own 24,000 companies in Orange County, according to the 1997 Economic Census.

Park, California: Ballena Press, 1998).

Jennifer Vo and John P. Schmal, "A Mexican-American Family of California: In the Service of Three Flags" (Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2004).

Note: John Schmal and Jennifer Vo have coauthored "A Mexican-American Family of California: In the Service of Three Flags," available through Heritage Books at http://heritagebooks.com. 
 The book is listed under Code S2448.   Information below:

CALIFORNIA

From the Introduction

Although Spain had claimed Alta California as her sovereign territory as early as 1542, her vast diversified interests in other areas of the western Hemisphere kept her preoccupied for two centuries.  However, by 1769 - when Spain began to send expeditions into Alta California - the Spanish empire had been in decline for some time.  On the other hand, the power and strength of the British, French, and Russian empires had increased substantially.  It was the fear of their encroachment into California or - worse yet - into the silver mines of northwestern Nueva España that prompted the settlement of Alta California.

Those men are all great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandfathers of Jennifer Vo.
http://www.marketplacesolutions.net/secure/heritagebooks

Meet the Author in San Diego: March 14, Captain Fitch's Mercantile in Old Town
Sent by Diane Godinez  pdgodinez4@yahoo.com

Hi, I am Elizabeth Cox, the author of "Southern California Miscellany."  In San Diego I am also known as the spoof columnist, "Ask Auntie Fannie" for the Old California Gazette. I also wrote for the FEDCO store Reporter. In fact, last October, when radio station KPCC's host Kitty Felde (Talk of the City) did a 30 minute interview of me, she introduced me as "The Fedco Lady." I will be in San Diego on Sunday, March 14, signing books at Captain Fitch's Mercantile in Old Town. Please stop in and say hello.

My book covers the lesser-known aspects of So-Cal history from 1800 to 1920. Stories such as the canine mayor of San Diego, that lovable mutt Bum. And the clever Irishman Sloane and his political partner, Mr. Patrick (read this story and you'll understand why CA politics have always been controversial and often humorous!). Many more stories ... plus sightseeing and a few antique recipes from pioneers in CA.

My book is available at all bookstores. To learn more, please log on to my publisher's URL McKenna Publishing Group McKenna Publishing Group and my book's promo page SCM 
If you would like to request a review copy, please email my publisher directly: Ric Bollinger at RicSligo@aol.com   I hope to meet you on March 14th, at Captain Fitch's !

Thanks, Elizabeth Cox  quillspinner@aol.com

One of 12 children of Mexican immigrants, Nunez would accompany his father on weekends from their home in Logan Heights to do gardening for wealthy residents in La Jolla. La Jolla offered a stark contrast to Logan Heights, which Nunez remembers as a barrio of junkyards, stray dogs and liquor stores with no supermarkets, but plenty of gangs and drugs.

"It forced me to look at the world I lived in from a different lens," the Los Angeles Democrat recalled. "I always felt I could never become a member of a gang because my father would kick my ass."

As a young man, Nunez applied himself in school, joined the local boxing club and worked - occasionally with his older brothers who were janitors.

Elected student body president in middle and high school, he developed an interest in social activism, including the nascent "Justice for Janitors" campaign.

Living among immigrants - many of them illegal - he saw how they were often cheated by employers or turned over on payday to the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service.

His childhood experiences sent Nunez, 37, on a career path that included stops as an immigrant rights activist, union organizer, political campaign worker, lobbyist and a member of the Legislature.

For Soledad Nunez, her son's political rise validates what she believed when she talked her husband into moving their family to the United States.

"I told him, 'There's opportunity there,' " she recalled. " 'If you work hard, you can become something.' "

Francisco Juarez  had two sons with his wife, Maria Trinidad Vicenta de Leon, .Jose Joaquin and Francisco Xavier.   After the death of Francisco Juarez,  Maria Trinidad remarried.  The boys step-father was  Jose Antonio Rodriguez who also served in the Spanish military. He was stationed at the San Diego Mission in1782.  

Helen's heritage proceeds from Jose Joaquin Juarez.  Jose Joaquin married Maria Josefa Pasquala Garduno (AKA Lorenzana) in 1800 while he was stationed at the Monterey Presidio. His brother Francisco Xavier Juarez was stationed at the Santa Barbara Mission when he married Maria Dolores Cota in 1802.  Below are some descendants of son, Jose Joaquin Juarez.  There are many descendants, these are just the ones from San Jose and Palm Springs.  One is a doctor, one is a judge, one is in real estate and one is an engineer.

 Jose Joaquin Juarez Descendants at Family Reunion, 2001
Pico-Juarez Ranch  Uvas Canyon, Morgan Hill, California

L-R, back Row, Helen B. (McAuliffe) Collins, Stanley Bellow, Bette Rice, Juan Juarez, Randolf Rice, 
Karen Schmitt, James Rice and Evelyn Martinez
Kids kneeling, clockwise, Jennifer Juarez, Janet Kruegel Juarez, Caitlan Schmitt and Casey Schmitt.
L-R, front row, standing  Dolores Juarez Cairns, Christina Schmitt, Dr. Bill Schmitt, Barry Schmitt and Catherine Costello Schmitt. Photo courtesy of John Juarez and Helen B. Collins.

Helen Collins shares her ancestry . . . 

Helen Bernice McAuliffe married to Thomas Joseph Collins, both born in San Luis Obispo County, Ca. Parents of Helen are Wilfred Albert McAuliffe Born 1887 Cayucos, Ca- died1944 Los Angeles, Ca and Emma Mary Tade Born 1890, Giubiasco, Canton Ticino, Switzerland, Died 1983 in San Luis Obispo, Ca. Her parents James Tade, Born1851, Giubiasco, Canton Ticino, Sw. Died 1915, Sacramento, Ca and Theresa Berta Born 1859 Giubiasco,Canton Ticino, Sw. Died 1892 Giubiasco, Canton Ticino, Sw.

Wilfred Albert McAuliffe's parents, John David McAuliffe, Born 1847 in Mosel, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, Died 1920 in San Diego, Ca and his wife, Maria Susana del Carmen (Mary) King, Born 1847, Santa Cruz, Ca, Died 1935 Troy Hills, Parsippany, New Jersey. John David McAuliffe's parents, John Thomas McAuliffe,Born 1812, Barony Duhallow, County Cork, Ireland, Died 1852 in South Pacific of Yellow fever and buried at sea, his wife Hanora Leahy born 1812, Midleton Parish, County Cork, Ireland, Died 1850 of cholera in San Francisco, Ca. 

Maria Susana del Carmen (Mary) King's parents are Robert King (AKA Haverstock) born 1809 in London, Middlesex, England. Died 1855 Santa Cruz, Ca and his wife Maria Estefana Juarez Born 1825 in Santa Cruz, Ca and died 1856 in Santa Cruz, Ca. Robert King's parents are Joseph Haverstock born about 1780 in Prussia and his wife Isabel Lampe born about 1784 in Prussia. 

Maria Estefana Juarez's parents are Jose Joaquin Juarez born 1782 in San Gabriel, Ca and died 1861 in Santa Cruz, Ca. Jose Joaquin Juarez's wife is Maria Josefa Pasquala Garduno (AKA Lorenzana) born 1779 in Mexico City, Mexico. Died in1866 in Napa, California. Jose Joaquin's father is Francisco Juarez Born 1746 in San Luis Potosi, Mexico and died 1782 in San Gabriel, Ca. Francisco Juarez's wife is Maria Trinidad Vicenta de Leon Born 1752 in Culican, Sinaloa, Mexico. Died 1837 in Santa Cruz, Ca. 

Maria Josefa Pasquala (Lorenzana) Garduno's parents are Pedro Garduno Born about 1750 in Mexico City, Mexico and Died before 1782 small pox in Mexico City. His wife Margarita Maisa born about 1754 in Mexico and died before 1782 of small pox. 

Francisco Juarez's parents are Luis Antonio Juarez born 1712 in San Miguel, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, his wife is Juana Maria Quiteria (Loreta) Sanchez born About 1715 in San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Died in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. 

 

        to Jesus Duran 
       October 28, 1889

< Father: Guadalupe Alvarado

Of these builders of the valley the best known to historians was the governor, who born in Monterey on February 14, 1809, the son of a Spanish sergeant, Jose Francisco and Maria Jostia Vallejo,  another great name in California's history.  Juan Bautista Alvarado became governor of California in 1836 and served until 1842.  It was during his period that the "Yankees" came to the west coast.

Robert E. Smith 

NORTHWESTERN UNITED STATES

Genealogy workshop for blacks 
By Carrie A. Moore Deseret Morning News
http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,590039823,00.html

SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES

Sent John Inclan galveston@yahoo.com

I found this mailing interesting and would like to contribute information on a valuable site for genealogy research. Specifically this site deals with descendants of the original New Mexico settlers. I am proud to say I am one of those descendants, my family lines on my mothers side go back to some of the families that accompanied Juan de Onate to Sante Fe, New Mexico. These are the Martin Serrano, Vigil and Montes Vijil, Duran, and Marquez lines mentioned in Vol. # 2, 4, and 8. This site is the incredible work of one person and should be included in your list of resources.
The site is "Beyond Origens of New Mexico Families"
http://pages.prodigy.net/bluemountain1/beyondorigins.htm

Although I am less than a quarter Hispanic, I am extremely proud of this heritage. My maternal line is a line to be proud of as my ancestors must have faced the toughest of hardships and trial in their quest to establish homes in the totally uncharted and unknown area that was Sante Fe New Mexico in the 1600's.   Thank You,  Judi Jones  theladyj@cox.net

At home panic ensued.  The town council in Prescott, Ariz. made it illegal to shake hands.  In New York, where 21,000 children were orphaned, officials imposed a one-year jail term and $500 fine for coughing in public without covering one's mouth.  In Philadelphia, undertakers refused to work, leaving families to bury their own dead.    Newsweek, February 16, 2004, page 42.

BLACK

Photo, Rich Pedroncelli, 
The Associated Press.

Mary Ann Carlton-Wyatt shows her family bible to historian Joe Moore
 at Cal State Sacramento.

By JENNIFER J. HOWARD
Jennifer@northfulton.com
http://www.northfulton.com/DisplayArticle.asp?ID={AF851B3F-0C12-4EAB-88A1-C59145EAC62F

Another Black family history conference event took place on February 28th, in the state of Georgia. 
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints is sponsored the Atlanta Black History Leadership Symposium in an attempt to help people find their roots. "The life stories of one’s ancestors weave the fabric of families and communities, and should be cherished and preserved for future generations,” said Colleen Olsen of the Roswell Georgia Stake of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.

Roswell’s branch of the church has been active in helping people of all beliefs and races find their roots.  Tom Daily, of Roswell, started his research at LDS Family History Center, located at 500 Norcross St. in Roswell. He has traced his lineage back to the early 1700s to a man named Maximillian Colin, his great-great-great-grandfather who was a prominent land owner in the Mobile, Ala. area.

"Spanish baptism records don’t indicate a mother and father for Maximillian. My belief is that he was the son of one of the Bodins by one of the slave women. I feel certain that’s the case,” Daily said. He basis this belief on evidence that Maximillian, a half-white, half-black slave, inherited a substantial amount of land from Monluis Bodin.

"Mobile had a more open society in terms of racial mixing under the French and Spanish colonists, before Alabama became part of the United States,” Daily said. "Although they were slaves, they had a very open society. They began to tighten up on the non-white population in the early 1900s when Alabama began to pass a series of laws restricting relationships and activities.”
Many of Daily’s ancestors were landowners and farmers, although his great-grandfather John M. Collins, was a ship builder and manufactured boats for the Confederacy. "I remember the ship yard as a child,” said Daily, now 64.

In the first half of the book, the ancient,  complex and fascinating history of Mexico's Indian tribes is covered. Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, an incredible diversity of aboriginal peoples lived in the area we now know as Mexico. The first half concludes with the story of the nine generations of the  Indian-Mexican-American Morales family.  

In the second half of the book, the ordinary lives and activities of nine generations of the Morales family are followed through three centuries as they evolve from Indian warriors to Indian peasants and, eventually, to citizens of the Mexican Republic.

Then, in 1912, as the Mexican Revolution raged, the Morales family sought refuge in the United States and made its home in Kansas City. 

This history follows the evolution of one family through a series of cultural, spiritual, linguistic, genetic, religious, professional, and personal transformations. 

[[Editor's note:  I liked the personal stories in the second half.  In describing her father, Donna writes on page 185.  "My father was an energetic and compassionate man.  Because he felt that it was important to put into action his religious principles, he practiced charity both at home and in the outside world.  For two decades, Daniel Morales would go down to the railroad yards to find the Mexican laborers who had ridden the rails into Kansas City looking for work.  he would take these poor illiterate strangers who had little or no knowledge of the English language and bring them to the Salivation Army store.  Here, he would buy them shoes and shirts to wear.

After clothing them, Father would bring the men home where my mother would cook them a nice meal.  He would give them a place to stay in our house while he went to to find jobs for them.  To my father, this service was his way of practicing his Christian charity."

I particularly enjoyed some of the facts gathered by the authors, such as:

By 1810, out of a total population of at least 6 million, 3,676,281 were Indian, while another 1,328,707 were classified as castas, mestizos, mulatos and afromestizos of various racial mixtures. Together, these racial groups constituted 84 percent of Mexico's population.  Go to the DNA research. 

By 1930. . . the Mexican and Mexican-American population of Kansas represented the seventh largest Mexican ancestral group in the United States.]]

Published by Heritage Books, 2003, Format, soft cover, 5½ x 8½, indices, paper, 203 pp. $26.50     8-pages of bibliography,  M2469 ISBN: 0-7884-2469-6  http://www.HeritageBooks.com

This book recounts the California Indians' dark days during the 1850s.  It was a decade when Indians were viewed by many of the new settlers as barriers to Manifest Destiny ad newspapers badly touted the need to "exterminate" or "eradicate" the Indians.

Secret has done an enormous amount of research in telling this tragic story.  Most people have heard of the Modoc Wars.  However, his pages tell about pitched battles between settlers, miners and vigilantes ad the Pomo at clear Lake, the Yuma along the Colorado River and the Awanechees of Yosemite - and many, many others.  The Indians tried to unify disparate tribes in order to resist and they sometimes went on the offensive.

It was a frontier tale of brutality on both sides - but the Indians were clearly at the short end.  Whole villages were massacred without warning, including young children. Indians were enslaved and state and local laws supported such actions.  The efforts to place Indians on reservations and the mixed bad of Indian agents are also described.

Unfortunately the author presents the Indians as simpler than they were.  His efforts to describe them lack any real insight and pale in comparison to other summaries by writers such as Lowell L. Bean or Randy Milliken. He neglects to mention the ways Indians kept and keep their culture alive.

Secret did make a valiant effort to describe this decade, however, and any reader will learn new information by reading the and by suing the bibliography to learn more..

World Dancer Press, Sanger, CA, 202, 349 pages, $15.95 

SEPHARDIC

Map from Sephardim.com

A Research Tool for
Sephardic Genealogy / Jewish Genealogy
Una Herramienta de Busqueda de Genealogia Sefardita/Judia
Informacoes e genealogia Judaica
We changed the face of Sephardic genealogy research.
COPYRIGHT @ 2003 SEPHARDIM.COM - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

UBERSETZEN SIE ENGLISCH ZU DEUTSCH (Haben sie bitte geduld)
TRADUIRE ANGLAIS A FRANCAIS (S'il vous plait avoir la patience)
TRADUZA INGLES A PORTUGUES (Por favor tenha paciencia)
TRADURRE INGLESE ALL'ITALIANO (Per favore di avere la pazienza)
TRADUZCA INGLES AL ESPANOL (Tenga por favor la paciencia)

The translations are provided at no cost by an automated commercial service.
The translations are not well done. But some help is better than no help.

If you have any comments, wish to link or report a broken link, or are considering advertising, please send your comments to: 
names@sephardim.comm  Harry Stein, Webmaster 

In September 1654, a small group of Sephardic Jews, 23 men, women, and children, from Recife, Brazil sailed into the harbor of New Amsterdam, today's New York City.  The journey will begin in Curacao. The first synagogue, Hope of Israel, was founded in 1651.  Also, the oldest Jewish cemetery in the New World, the Beit Hayim is found there. The Nevis Caribbean island has a Jewish cemetery where 19 surviving grave markers have dates from 1679 to 1730. 

The Saint Thomas Synagogue, erected by Sephardic Jews in 1833 and recognized as one of the oldest synagogues in continuous use under the American flag.  As with a number of synagogues in the Caribbean islands, the floor is covered in sand- a reminder of the days that Marranos practiced their religion in secret and the sand muffled their sounds.

Cuban will also be visited.  The first Jewish settlers arrived in Cuba in the late-15th century after their expulsion from Spain.  However, the largest wave of immigration occurred at the beginning of the 1900s, when Sephardic Jews came from Turkey followed by Ashkenazi Jews from Eastern Europe, many using Cuba as a stopover point to the United States.  

For more information or reservations, 212-517-7555 or 800-257-5767

TEXAS 

Angel of Golidad Statue 
of  Francisca "Panchita" Alvarez 
to be dedicated 
March 28th, 2004
 Located in the Presidio La Bahia Museum, La Bahia, Goliad, Texas
http://www.presidiolabahia.org/angel_of_goliad.htm

I am interested in learning more about your group and how to pursue more information on my  ancestor. As a former teacher I sincerely believe we need to inform our youth about all the contributions that our Hispanic ancestors accomplished to make our great nation.
For more information email becky102842@hotmail.com  I am also one of the descendants.
Sincerely, Rebecca Alvarez Shokrian   becky102842@hotmail.com

"In 1917 and 1918, approximately 24 million men, (98% of men present in America), born between 1873 and 1900 completed draft registration cards. During these two years, three registration days were held in each district where the registrant completed the registration card. Information found on these cards generally included, among other information, birth date, birth location, father's birthplace, and the address of next of kin. This civilian registration is often confused with induction into the military; however, only a small percentage of these men were actually called up for military service.

It should be noted that aliens were required to register but were not subject to induction into the American military. Persons already in the military did not register. Recent Italian emigrants wrote their last names first, resulting in some cards being filed under first names. Cards of Hispanics may be filed under their mother's maiden name surname if the registrant gave both parents' surnames. Also, men who resided in British territories sometimes listed themselves simply as British citizens without noting their origin in Canada, Australia, Ireland, Jamaica, etc. Illiterate men were unable to spell their names and birth location, so researchers should be quite flexible in searching for the spelling of names of illiterate men."

Go to the site for the list of numerous questions that the registration card required, even descriptions are included and also the nearest relative

By Lynn Brezosky, Associated Press Writer, Harlingen, Texas, February 7, 2004

Texas A&M campuses in Corpus Christi, Laredo, and Kingsville are collaborating with Texas A&M in College Station to offer the state's first doctorate program in Hispanic studies, university officials said Friday.

The program will go a step beyond a Ph.D. in Spanish, integrating culture, history, philosophy and other disciplines, officials said. College Station will administer the program and issue the degrees.

Ray Keck, president of Texas A&M International University in Laredo, said it made sense to produce scholars in Hispanic studies in deep South Texas.

"It began with a conviction that access to doctoral level programs is the right of citizens all over the state of Texas and that the programs should be relevant to the geographic, historical, economic, political, and educational realities of the parts of the state where they're offered," he said.

"I don't know where having access to a doctoral program in Medieval English is going to be important in South Texas for as many people. But Hispanic studies - it's the center of our history, our society, economic infrastructure, our political life, our art and cultural life."

The program will begin in the fall, with four courses being offered from College Station and additional courses possibly out of Laredo. The program will broaden in future semesters with more courses out of Laredo, and Corpus Christi and Kingsville.

Thanks to teleconferencing and computers, students at any of the campuses will be able to take any of the courses.

"We can have a student here in Kingsville who wants the Ph.D. but doesn't want to have to go to live in College Station for four or five years," said Susan Roberson, chair of the Department of Literature and Language at A&M-Kingsville.

Students will design their own programs within concentrations in Hispanic language and literature, Hispanic cultural studies, linguistics and pedagogy, and bilingual and bicultural studies. Students will have to be bilingual and be able to read a third language.

It will be A&M's largest collaboration and the first time students in deep South Texas can get a doctorate in Spanish-language studies without leaving the area, said Manuel Martin Rodriguez, director of Hispanic studies at College Station.

"I have 25 people already very interested - calling me and writing me and just waiting for the mechanism to be in place to apply," Rodriguez said.

Rosa Maria de Llano of Laredo, who has been teaching high school Spanish for 36 years, is one of them. "It's my dream always to get a Ph.D., but there was no place for me. In 1980, I was ready to get a Ph.D. but at that time my kids were little," she said.

"I just want to study because it's so beautiful and it's so enriching. It's my culture, and I want to learn more about my culture and my people and I want to pass it on."

South Texas Researcher
Volume II, Number 2 February 2004
Published by: Texana/Genealogy Department
San Antonio Public Library
600 Soledad, San Antonio, Texas 78205 210-207-2500
 e-mail: ff01810@yahoo.com

The introduction reads: Please remember that the purpose of this newsletter is to keep librarians, historians, archivists, genealogists, archaeologists, and those in other allied fields informed of what is going on that may be helpful in these fields so they may pass this information on to other interested parties in their locations.

If you have items you or your organization would like others to know about, please e-mail the address at the end of this newsletter.

South Texas is being broadly defined as beginning in Val Verde County in the west; moving east to Austin (Travis County); and then southeast through Caldwell, Lavaca, Jackson, and Calhoun counties to the Gulf of Mexico. I am willing to include important events or acquisitions from other areas, in some instances, if they may be of particular usefulness to those in our area. News from our neighboring Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, and Coahuila would also be welcome.

In addition to listing the programs offered at the library, the meetings to be held by other groups are also included. In observance of Black Heritage Month, considerable library resources are identified in this issue.

Websites are reviewed: "Law of the Land Grant: The Land Laws of Spain and Mexico"
Jane C. Sánchez, from Alburquerque, Nuevo México, has published this information on the web for all to read and peruse. Dated January 5, 2000, Jane is both the editor and translator and uses both archival, secondary, and periodical sources in her writing. This is an excellent bibliography on land law, sources old and new.  Available in both English and the original Spanish.

Introduction
Recopilación de Leyes de Las Indias
Laws Promulgated from 1680 to 1753
Laws Promulgated from 1754-1782
The Plan of Pitic and Related Material, 1778-1789
Laws Promulgated from 1786 to 1799
Laws Promulgated from 1800 to 1820
The Land Laws of Mexico
Water Law
Glossary
Bibliography  

http://home.sprintmail.com/~sanchezj/1-title.htm
Source:  Roberto R. Calderón beto@unt.edu
http://home.sprintmail.com/~sanchezj/9-mexico.htm

Another resource is information on archival collections:
South Texas Archives at Texas A&M University-Kingsville Acquires Microfilm Documenting Spanish Colonial Period

KINGSVILLE (May 29, 2003) --- Scholars interested in the Spanish Colonial period in Mexico need now look no further than the South Texas Archives and Special Collections at Texas A&M University-Kingsville for information. The university’s archives recently obtained 134 volumes of microfilmed Spanish government documents covering the late 1600s to 1821 and a region that spread from northwestern Mexico to the northeastern Gulf Coast. The region includes what is now South Texas and was once referred to as the Provincias Internas.

Homero Vera, field historian for the archives, said the new collection contains thousands of documents, including genealogical records of the founding families of the region. The collection also contains many military documents such as service members’ records, lists of presidios and maps of the area. Vera said the collection also documents the Native Americans living in the area during the time period as well as some information on Spanish land grants.

The collection is entirely in Spanish and will be of most interest to historians, genealogists, archivists and cartographers. Vera said the collection is a significant addition to the archives not only because of its historical value, but also because A&M-Kingsville is one of only three universities in the United States to have all or a portion of the collection. The University of Arizona owns the entire microfilm library of the Spanish Colonial period while A&M-Kingsville was permitted to obtain half of it. The Benson Library at the University of Texas at Austin owns small portions of the microfilm.

"The importance of this is that we have the earliest documents of this region, all the earliest history," Vera said.

Jose Antonio Navarro:
A Bicentennial Tribute 1795-1995

Interpreting the Mexican History and Heritage of Texas
Through the Life of a Tejano hero, Jose Antonio Navarro

Senator Navarro Antonio Navarro served as a senator in the Republic of Texas in 1838, when the capital of Texas was in Houston. His main priority was legislation that would help Tejanos gain title to their land under an unfamiliar new government with unfamiliar laws that few Tejanos fully understood. Against his better judgment, Navarro agreed to be a commissioner of the Texan Santa Fe Expedition in 1841. The purpose of the expedition was to take control of eastern New Mexico and make it part of the Republic of Texas, in accord with the government's aggressive boundary claims. However, after many hardships the expedition ended in failure. The Mexican army captured the expedition near Santa Fe, and Navarro was imprisoned for three years. When Jose Antonio Navarro was released from prison in Mexico in 1844, Texas was about to become a state in the USA. Welcomed home as a hero, Navarro served as a member of the convention that produced a state constitution. He spoke out strongly to ensure the rights of Hispanic Texans under the new constitution. The people of San Antonio then elected him as their first state senator. In recognition of his contributions to Texas, the State legislature created Navarro county in his honor. In memory of his father, Angel Navarro, Jose Antonio requested that the county seat of Navarro County be named Corsicana‹ derived from the name ³Corsica,² the island near Italy where his father, Jose Angel Navarro had been born. 

Texas State University, San Marcos - the Southwestern Writers Collection has jus completed digitizing La relación y comentarios.  Every page of this earliest written record of what is now Texas and the Southwest is available online with a linked English translation.  The site, located at http://www.library.txstate.edu/swwc/cdv  serves as a comprehensive web archive of Cabeza de Vaca research and resources.

La relación is is Cabeza de Vaca's narrative of the ill-fated 1527 Narváez expedition, which left Cuba to search for riches in the New World only to fall apart in Florida.  Remnants fo the six-hundred-strong expeditionary force were shipwrecked off the Texas coast near present-day Galveston Island in 1528.

The Cabeza de Vaca web archive features dozens of full-text academic articles as well as depictions of Cabeza de Vaca over the years, bibliographies, teaching guides, and scenes from the film Cabeza de Vaca, produced in Mexico in 1991. 

EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI

Jerónimo Girón y Moctezuma

Monroe, Louisiana

   JOSEPH DE LA BAUME

            Came to America 
    during the Revolutionary War 
  as a Captain in the French Army 
   commanded by the Marquis de Lafayette.  in Louisiana and Texas. 

                Written by 
    4th Great-Granddaughter:
      Sylvia Villarreal Bisnar

Written by 4th Great-Granddaughter:
Sylvia Villarreal Bisnar

Left to Right
Rene Villarreal, Lydia Penaloza, 
Hortense Buquor Villarreal  
and Sylvia Villarreal Bisnar 
at Mother's 90th Birthday Party,
 October 12, 2002

1 Joseph de La Baume 1730/31 - 1834 b: January 06, 1730/31 in Avignon, France d: 1834 in San Antonio, Texas

.. +Maria Louisa (Couturier) Cuturie 1782 -b: Abt. 1782 in New Orleans, Louisiana m: Bef. 1803 in Nacogdoches, Texas

..... 2 Victorina de la Baume 1805 -b: Abt. April 1805

......... +Luis Alejandro Vidal 1791 -b: Abt. 1791 in Canton of Marseille, Department of Boca del Vonne, France m: Abt. 1828

............ 3 Jose Alexander La Baum Vidal 1829 - 1897 b: Abt. 1829 d: July 02, 1897 in Elmendorf Cemetary, Elmendorf, TX

................ +Alexandra Trapnell 1840 -b: March 1840 in San Antonio, Texas m: May 24, 1854 in San Fernando Cathedral, San Antonio, Texas

................... 4 Josephine (Josefa) Trapnell Vidal 1860 - 1954 b: March 18, 1860 in San Antonio, Texas d: January 18, 1954 in San Antonio, Texas
....................... +Jesus (Jose de ) Leal Vidal 1850 - 1920 b: December 25, 1850 in San Antonio, Texas m: December 17, 1876 in St. Anthony Parish, Graytown,TX d: September 04, 1920 in San Antonio, Texas

.......................... 5 Alice Vidal 1895 - 1982 b: April 04, 1895 in San Antonio, Texas d: February 18,1982 in San Antonio, Texas

.............................. +Adolph P. Buquor 1889 - 1940 b: March 27, 1889 in San Antonio, Texas m: November 24, 1911 in San Antonio, Texas d: April 01, 1940 in Ft. Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas

................................. 6 Hortense Buquor 1912 -b: October 02, 1912 in San Antonio, Texas

..................................... +Rudolph Serna Villarreal 1909 - 1967 b: June 26, 1909 in San Antonio, Texas m: May 07, 1932 in San Antonio, Texas d: January 17, 1967 in Houston, Texas

........................................ 7 Sylvia Alice Villarreal 1935 -b:February 14,1935 in San Antonio, Texas 

Jerónimo Girón y Moctezuma

A Descendant of Moctezuma at the Battle of Mobile, 1780

Prepared by Benicio Sanchez Garcia
Presidente de la Sociedad Genealogica del Norte de Mexico 

For genealogical questions, please contact directly at:
mexicangenealogy@ancestros.com.mx
or write: 
 Ramon Lopez Velarde 729
Contry La Silla
Guadalupe, Nuevo Leon
67173 Mexico
Office Phone (81) 8387-5400

Generation Eleven
18. General Francisco Javier11 Girón y Ezpeleta (Pedro10Girón de las Casas, Jerónimo9Girón y Moctezuma, Bernarda8Moctezuma, Jerónimo7Moctezuma y Loaysa, Pedro6Moctezuma, Diego5de Moctezuma y Porres, Pedro4Tesifón de Moctezuma, Ihuitemotzin3, Tlacahuepantzin2, Motecuhzoma1); born 1803 Pamplona, Spain; married Nicolasa de Aragón y Arias de Saavedra 29 January 1834 at the Royal Palace of Aranjuez, Spain; died 18 December 1869 Madrid, Spain. 
In the family tradition, he reached the rank of lieutenant general. He also founded the Guardia Civil of Spain. He was Gentleman of the Chamber to King Ferdinand VII. He held the titles of 2nd Duke of Ahumada and 5th Marqués de las Amarillas, and was also made a Grandee of Spain. 
     Children of General Francisco Javier11 Girón y Ezpeleta and Nicolasa de Aragón y Arias de           Saavedra were as follows: 
          · 19 i.Pedro Agustín12 Girón y Aragón; married Isabel Mesía 1866 Spain; died without           progeny. He held the titles of 3rd Duke of Ahumada and 6th Marqués de las Amarillas. 
          · 20 ii.Agustín Girón y Aragón; born 30 Sep 1843 Madrid, Spain; married María de los           Dolores Armero y Peñalver 15 Oct 1870 Spain. He succeeded his brother as 4th Duke of           Ahumada and 7th Marqués de las Amarillas. 


SOURCES: All material on this page was taken from: Eric Beerman, "An Aztec Emperor's Descendant, General Jerónimo Girón y Moctezuma: Spanish Commander at the Battle of Mobile, 1780." The Genealogist, vol. ? (19??), pp. 172-187.  http://book-smith.tripod.com/montezuma.html

EAST COAST

MEXICO

Le invitan a su VIII reunión de trabajo en el marco del 255 Aniversario de la Fundación de la Villa de San Fernando de la Lave o de las Presas, hoy San Fernando, Tamaulipas.

El día viernes 19 de Marzo del 2004
Lugar de reunión: Presidencia Municipal Hora: 11:00 a. m.

Presentaciones: Las ponencias se entregaran por escrito con el objetivo de reproducirlas y entregarlas ese mismo día a los participantes, el tema principal estará enfocado a las " Fundaciones Escandonianas en el Nuevo Santander", la duración será de 25 minutos como máximo, para mayores informes comunicarse con:

Ing. Clemente Rendon de la Garza, Presidente del CCHF 
us (956) 495-7644: e-mail: clementerg@hotmail.com
Arq. Carlos Rugerio Cazares, Secretario
us (956) 849-0099 cel en mex: 01-86-88-85-20-28
o al correo electrónico: rugerio@email.com

The government estimates that at least 2 million Mexicans under 15 do not attend school. Mostly, they are the children of the poor.  So street teachers go to the kids as front-line soldier in a growing movement across Latin America.  They spend long days scouring the streets of Mexico's finding children who are receiving no formal education and recruiting them into classes right there on city corners.

Ana Maria Anguiano, a professor at the University of Guadalajara, which offers a degree in street education, said there are about 1,500 street teachers now working in Mexico, and many more in such countries as Brazil and Peru. She said they are funded by private groups and governments that increasingly see the approach as a practical and innovative way to deal with Latin America's chronic problems of poverty and street children.

Anguiano said teachers in her program learn how to improvise, using a sidewalk as a chalkboard or discarded cigarettes to teach about the nature of fire and the effects of smoking on the lungs. Prospective teachers also take courses to understand how poverty, broken families and street life affect learning.

"Many of these children are from extreme circumstances and we need to attend to them differently," Anguiano said.

Sylvia Ortega Salazar, chief of public schools in Mexico City, said street teaching began in the 1970s and has boomed in recent years. She said at least 27 private organizations now have street teachers trying to reach tens of thousands of Mexico City children who are not in school.

"Street educators are absolutely critical," she said. "They provide the last chance for these kids."

Street teacher, Tomas Eduardo Trinidad  and his colleagues aim to get street children into traditional schools, and they have helped dozens enroll in public schools or in a small school run by MAMA. But even those who have been placed in regular schools come back to the open-air school for help with their homework.

Most of their parents are illiterate and skeptical, or even opposed to sending their children to school. "Sometimes it's a lot of work to convince the parents," said Trinidad, who makes home visits to talk to children and their parents. "It's common to hear things like, 'My daughter doesn't need to study because she's a woman and she's just going to get married anyway.' We have to convince them that the more you study, the better you can do in life."

"My mother always taught me to do things for others, and so did the nuns in my high school," said Trinidad, who earns about $300 a month for his six-day workweeks and is studying to be a human rights lawyer.

"In our country, we have to believe in the possibility of something better," he said. "You have to look at more than just what's around you, to see what's beyond. You can do a job and just earn money, or you can do something that makes a difference." 

EXTRACTOS DE BAUTISMOS DE ESPAÑOLES DEL PRIMER LIBRO DE LA PARROQUIA DEL SAGRARIO EN PÁTZCUARO, MICHOACÁN.

Guillermo Padilla Origel

Segunda parte: 1605-1614

03 de mayo de 1607: Juan, h.l. de Juan Velásquez Origel y Catalina Velásquez, 
Abuelos paternos: Francisco de Origel y Juana Velásquez y abuelos maternos: Diego Velásquez Coronado y Maria de Ocaña.

4 de enero de 1612: Ignacio, h.l. de Fernando Ponce y Petronila Infante

15 de octubre de 1613: María, h.l. de Pedro Camacho y Catalina de Montenegro

Por Manuel Robles de la Torre
 key9west@yahoo.com

El Doctor Don Alonso de Zevallos Villagutierre eta. hago saver al Capitan Pedro de la Torre Gamboa como con vista de la consulta que remitio a este Superior Govierno en que refiere ocurrir en muchas ocasiones los yndios de la sierra del Nayarit a pedir les conceda licencia para herrar sus vestias y mulas y demas ganados que adquieren carteandose con el, y que con la familiaridad con que los trata; y otras diligencias que hase de su parte los tiene a su disposicion atrayendolos por este camino para poderlos reducir a nuestra santa fee; y obediencia de su Magestad y que sera medio muy eficaz dhas diligencias para la consecucion de lo referido == Remiti al Señor Oidor fiscal de esta Real Audiencia dha consulta y sobre ello dio una respuesta cuio tenor con el de el auto que en vista de ella proveye lo siguiente == El oydor fiscal a visto esta consulta del Capitan Protector de las fronteras de Huexuquilla y Temzompa == y dice que asi en estas licencias de marcas para herrar ganado tiene su Magestad algun interes para el derecho de la media anata, esto es practicable solo en partes ya reducidas a poblacion y politica pero no con yndios jentiles y barvaros a quienes se dispensa todo por que se reduzgan y asi despues de reducidos siendo un derecho tan asentado y tan devido reconocimiento el de los tributos seles concede el que no los paguen por diez años por la ley, tercera del titulo quinto del libro sexto de la recopilacion de Yndias que es ampliatiba de la veinte del titulo Primero del mismo libro y de ambos lo es la Real zedula de catorce de mayo de seis sientos y ochenta y seis; que se estiende al tiempo de veinte años y a otros indultos y asi siendo V.S. servido podra permitir al dho Protector; de; las lizencias que los indios Gentiles del Naiarit le pidieren para herrar sus vestias con las marcas y yerros que eligieren por aora y en el ynterin que se reducen a cuio fin se deve dirigir este permisso y si el dho Protector hallare que puedan aprovechar otros para atraer a dhos yndios podra dar quenta dandoles a entender lo que se desea su mayor bien y los privilegios que gozaran convertidos a Nra Santa fee y en obediencia de su Magestad y su Real Corona para que por todos medios se solicite lo que tanto desea su Chatolico y piadoso zelo y sus ministros en que Vs. deve concurrir y concurrira con su authoridad y fomento; Guadalaxara y Septiembre veinte de mil seis sientos y noventa y siete años == Dr Dn Joseph de Miranda Villa y Zan == En la Ciudad de Guadalaxara a veinte y quatro dias del mes de Septiembre de mill seis sientos y noventa y siete años; El Sr Dr Dn Alonso de Zevallos Villa Gutierre de el Consejo de su Magestad Governador del nuebo Reino de la Galicia y Presidente de la Audiencia Real del; haviendo visto la consulta hecha por El Capitan Pedro de la Torre y Gamboa Protector de los Yndios de los Pueblos de Huexuquilla y Temzompa y lo dho en su vista por el Señor Oydor fiscal == Dixo que por aora y en el ynterin que otra cosa se determine concedia y concedio comision y facultad al dho Capitan Pedro de la Torre para que pueda conceder a los indios de la sierra del Naiarit las licencias que pidieren para herrar sus Ganados y vestias sin llevarles cosa alguna solicitando por este medio y todos los demas que le dictare el zelo que le asiste de la Reduccion de dhos indios el suabisarlos de modo que con facilidad avrazen Nuestra Santa fee asegurandoles que en ella tendran el amparo y alibio que su Magestad hordena por sus leies Reales y zedulas y estaran de baxo de su Real patrocinio atendiendose a todo lo que fuere de su maior consuelo en este Superior Govierno a donde dara quenta dho Capitan Protector de todo aquello que conduxere a la reduccion de dhos yndios y de todo lo demas que sele ofreciere en esta matheria y asi lo proveyo y firmo == Dr Dn Alonso de Zevallos Villa Gutierre == antemi Francisco Dominguez de Riezu == En cuia conformidad; acorde dar la presente por la qual doy y concedo comision y facultad al dho Capitan Pedro de la Torre para que por aora y en el ynterin que otra cosa se provee y determina pueda conceder a los yndios de la sierra del Naiarit las licencias que le pidieren para herrar sus ganados y bestias mulares y cavallares; y dho Capitan Pedro de la Torre solicite assi por este medio como por los demas que le dictare el zelo que le asiste al servicio de ambas Magestades la reduccion de dhos indios a Nuestra Santa fee y obediencia de su Magestad sin omitir deligencia que pueda o atraerlos a que abracen uno y otro asegurandoles el patrocinio y amparo de su Magestad a quien en su Real nombre atendere y a todo lo que fuere de su conservacion y alibio; dado en la Ciudad de Guadalaxara a dos dias del mes de nobiembre de mil seis sientos y noventa y siete años ==

Parás , Nuevo León, Rescoldos Históricos
Colección de documentos sobre Parás , Nuevo León del Archivo General del Estado.
Datos poco consignados sobre el origen del Municipio de Parás, N.L.
Autor: Lic. Francisco Javier Alvarado Segovia, Cronista de Dr. Arroyo y de Iturbide, Nuevo León jvillarreal@smartcontrols.com.mx
Sent by Tom Ascensio TomAsnsio@aol.com

INDICE
Palabras Previas
Antecedentes Históricos
Incipiente inicio de la Villa
Repoblamiento
Súplica de destacamento para resguardo de las familias
Padrón o lista de los sorteos de las primeros habitantes
Caminos públicos en los primeros años
Adhesión al movimiento político de Juan Álvarez
Inventario del Municipio 1854
Epidemia
Adhesión al movimiento político de Santiago Vidaurri
Estadística de José María Hinojosa de 1856
Enajenación tercera parte del agua municipal
Decreto de 1858 de la reserva de ejidos
Venta de la tercera parte del agua
Contrabando de pieles
Nombramiento de la Primera Autoridad
Memoria 1859
Dictamen verbal; fuerte seca
Presupuesto de la Cárcel Municipal
Elección de la tercera sala de justicia
Nuevos pobladores 1861
Fango en el callejón
Construcción de la cárcel
Testimonios perdidos de fundación
Invasión villas del norte
Cortinas recluta gente en Parás 1861
Desertores 1862
Primeras letras 1862
Denuncio tres sitios de ganado menor por Nicolás de la Garza
Personajes importantes de Parás
Capilla en construcción 1863
Reseña del cultivo de caña, algodón y tabaco 1865
Robo en Charco Blanco
Acontecimientos 1877
Indios Bárbaros en el Rancho de Eulogio Martínez
Límites con Tamaulipas 1879
Visita del Gobernador Viviano L. Villarreal 1881
Censo 1885
Hacienda la Ventura 1889
Historia de la educación
Contrabando en el Tanque 1896
Fiestas públicas 1891
Cuatro sitios y caballería 1891
Contrabando Charco Blanco
Construcción y planos casa Consistorial 1892
Recomposición del panteón 1895
Construcción del local del establecimiento público de niños
Límites Vallecilo-Parás 1895
Nace en el rancho del Río de Sabinas; Juan José Villarreal
Límites Parás-Vallecillo 1896
Inauguración de las bancas con motivo de la toma de posesión del General Bernardo Reyes
Baltasar Chapa inaugura escuela particular
Cesan al director de la escuela
Nombran por el Consejo de Salubridad; médico a Vidal de la Garza 1904
Establecen escuela mixta en el Tanque
Camino Parás-Guerrero
Muere el único extranjero Francés que vivía en la Villa
Contrabando de dinamita 1911
Intento de robo Miguel Volpe
Amplían local de la escuela de niños
Presa de agua 1912
Solicitan cementerio fuera de la Jurisdicción 
Pedro Pérez Hinojosa Carrancista deposita parque 1913
Robo en el juzgado 1914
Constitucionalistas recogen caballos 1914
Huertistas en Parás 1914
Queman los archivos de los juzgados
Elecciones municipales 1915
Capital del municipio
Inauguran retrato de José María Parás y Ballesteros 1919
Doctor Amador Escudero 1920
El General Irineo Villarreal
Pablo González Garza en Parás
Reparación del panteón 1920
Sociedad Atalayas del progreso
Ingeniero Bernardino Reyes 1922
Feria 1923
Reparación de caminos reales 1924
Presupuesto 1924; José Ángel Hinojosa
Panteón en Charco Blanco
Visita del Gobernador Gerónimo Siller
Capilla 1927
El Progreso nuevo poblamiento
Ruta de pasajeros 1937
Carretera Agualeguas Parás
Planta de luz
Molino de nixtamal
Los correos de Parás
Bibliografía

Descendants of Nicolas Guajardo
By John Inclan  
fromgalveston@yahoo.com

April issue of Somos Primos will continue the pedigree.

© Copyright 2004, Donna S. Morales and John P. Schmal. Substantial portions of this article have been extracted from "The Dominguez Family: A Mexican-American Journey" by Donna S. Morales and John P. Schmal (scheduled for publication in Summer 2004).

Piedra Negras, Coahuila
     Ferrocarril Internacional Mexicano, constructed 1883
     Controlled and owned by the Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Mexico after 1901

Nogales, Sonora
     Compañia Limitada del Ferrocarril de Sonora, Constructed 1882 (owned by AT&SF), later           
     leased  to and owned by the Southern Pacific Railroad

Agua Prieta, Sonora
     Compañia del Ferrocarril de Nacozari, constructed 1901
     Owned by El Paso & Southwestern Railroad

Nogales, Sonora
     Ferrocarril Cananea, Rio Yaqui y Pacifico, Constructed 1908,
     Owned by the Southern Pacific Railroad

Tijuana – Tecate, Baja California
     Compañia Ferrocarril Tijuana y Tecate, constructed 1909-1916
     Later operated by the Southern Pacific Railroad

Mexicali-Algodones, Baja California
     Compañia Ferrocarril Tijuana y Tecate, constructed 1905-1919
     Later operated by the Southern Pacific Railroad

Ojinaga, Chihuahua
     Ferrocarril Kansas City, Mexico y Oriente, S.A. Constructed 1927.
     Operated by Ferrocarril de Chihuahua al Pacifico

Source:
Todd Minsk, "USA-Mexico railroad gateways and related trackage"
Online: http://www.mexican.railspot.com/minsk1.htm

CARIBBEAN/CUBA

Interested in joining the HGSNY family?

BECOME A MEMBER!

What do you receive for your membership?

INTERNATIONAL 

The SOLIDARITY area provides a list of civic, non-government, and volunteer organizations that seek to meet the current challenges in the Philippines and other countries which depend on the spirit of camaraderie to get things going.

The PROJECTS area consists of definitive essays that are grouped by subjects corresponding to important issues in the lives of Filipinos.

Dr. Manuel Gallardo, 
Native son of  Suchitoto, El Salvador

(c) 2004 by Jaime Cader

"The Canary Islands and the Question of the Prime Meridian: 
The Search for Precision in the Measurement of the Earth"
by Wilcomb E. Washburn

http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/geo/WASHBR04.GEO
Sent by Bill Carmena JCarm1724@aol.com
From "V Coloquio de Historia Canario-Americana (1982): 
Coloquio Internacional de Historia Maritima", pp. 877-883.

HISTORY

Fernando III was the great-great-grandson of Alfonso II "the Chase" who truly saved Christian Spain from the Moors. He, Fernando III, was the son of Alfonso IV (1299-1336), King of Aragon, and the grandson of Jaime II (1264-1327) King of Aragon. Jaime II was the son of Pedro II (1174-1213) KIng of Aragon, who was the son of Alfonso II (791-842) King of Asturias, the great-great-grandfather of Fernando III.  Thomas Jefferson was a descendant of a Spanish monarch-- Fernando III the Saint, King of Castile and Leon in the thirteen century (1230-1252).

Seventy miles west of Key West lie seven tiny islands scattered throughout a 70-square mile park called the Dry Tortugas. The islands are the jewels of an underwater treasure: colorful coral reefs populated by even more colorful fish in clear, emerald-green waters. Both lazy-bones and adventurers find what they seek in this remote tropical hideaway. The palm-shaded white sand beaches of the islands attract sunbathers, bird and wildlife watchers, while the surrounding sea tempts snorkelers, scuba divers and sport fishermen.

But what makes the Dry Tortugas more than just another island paradise is its history. Ponce de León may not have discovered the fountain of youth, but he did discover the Tortugas in 1513, which he named after the sea turtles served to his sailors. The “Dry” appellation came because there was no fresh water, as numerous shipwrecked sailors discovered when their ships—hundreds of them, many from Spain—were torn up on the reefs, inadvertently creating fascinating dive sites for scuba aficionados.

Fort Jefferson, on Garden Key, was the largest of the 19th century coastal forts. Built entirely with bricks, it became obsolete before completion due to the invention of the rifled cannon, which could penetrate brick as if it were butter. It was subsequently used as a military prison during the Civil War, designated a national monument by President Roosevelt in 1935, and is presently a museum, the focal point (and visitors’ center) of what became Dry Tortugas National Park in 1992. Since then, tourists, have discovered this nature-lovers’ retreat, swelling the number of visitors to 70,000 a year.

Facts: Park is open all year, free of charge. Fort Jefferson is closed at dusk. Getting there: From Key West, seaplanes or ferry. Private boat or charter. No cars! Accomodations: 13-site, primitive campground on Garden Key, with overflow sites and a group site for 10-40 people. Call for availability: (305) 242-7700 Information: Phone: (305) 242-7700 E-mail: DRTO_Information@nps.gov
Website: http://www.nps.gov/drto/index.html

FAMILY HISTORY

Organizing your Files, Part II

 by Salena Ashton  
salena_ashton@hotmail.com

For years I have searched for the most efficient and least expensive filing system, but with each new system I tried, I always ran into a problem. For example, using three ring binders worked well with each new surname I researched. However, after four generations of same surname, the binder became to ‘linear’ for me to file multi-generational documents. After seven generations, the binder became a heavy, over-stuffed nuisance.

I next tried filing according to geographical location. It was great when I had to search six different families that lived in Saline County, Missouri. Unfortunately, it was hard to keep all the names from all the families in my head while going through the microfilms.

After that I tried computerizing everything: typing my notes in Personal Ancestral File, creating word documents for longer notes, copying stories, saving email messages from fellow researchers and long-distance cousins. With this system, it was time consuming for me to take everything that I had Xerox copied from the library and put it into electronic format—so I bought a scanner. Soon, I was able to scan images from microfilms, borrowed materials from fellow researchers, etc. but after a while, I found that my electronic files needed organizing. This was easily remedied. I thought I had the perfect filing system—until my aunt Sara asked me to show her what I had. Aunt Sara does not use a computer. My choice was to either print everything for her to see, to invite her to my house and view everything on the computer for herself, or to demand that she embrace today’s technology by buying a computer, installing all the necessary software and get an email account. Then I would email her the files. None of these choices were feasible.

I stayed with the electronic filing system for a while until I took a class from Mary E. V. Hill on how to organize paper files. Her system, which I use now and will probably continue to use until I become the dead ancestor, is easy for everyone to use. It is extremely flexible—the more ancestors you find, the more expandable and flexible the system becomes. It can be multi-generational and strictly linear at the same time. It is cheap. This system is quickly and easily accessed by the researcher and mildly-interested relatives alike.

My original intention for this month’s article was to give the steps and details to Mary’s organizing system, but as I started typing I realized I was just reinventing the wheel. So instead, I am including a link so you can read her steps as she puts them. 

http://www.123genealogy.com/organizer/instructions/index.htm

ARCHAEOLOGY

MISCELLANEOUS

THE YEAR 1903 
Tom Ascencio  TomAsnsio@aol.com
		
The year is 1903, one hundred years ago... Here are the U. S. statistics for 1903.... 
 
The average life expectancy in the US was 47. 
 
Only 14% of the homes in the US had a BATHTUB. 
 
Only 8% of the homes had a TELEPHONE. 
 
A three-minute call from Denver to New York City cost $11. 
 
There were only 8,000 CARS in the US and only 144 miles of paved ROADS. 
 
The maximum speed limit in most cities was 10 mph. 
 
Alabama, Mississippi, Iowa, and Tennessee were each more heavily  populated than California. 
With a mere 1.4 million residents, California  was only the 21st most populous state in the Union. 
 
The tallest structure in the world was the Eiffel Tower. 
 
The average wage in the US was $0.22/hour. 
 
The average US worker made between $200-$400/year. 
 
A competent accountant could expect to earn $2000/year, a dentist  $2,500/year, 
a veterinarian between $1,500-$4,000/year, and a mechanical engineer about $5,000/year. 
 
More than 95% of all BIRTHS in the US took place at HOME. 
 
90% of all US physicians had NO COLLEGE education. Instead, they attended medical schools,
many of which were condemned in the press and by the government as "substandard." 
 
Sugar cost $0.04/pound. Eggs were $0.14/dozen.  Coffee cost $0.15/pound. 
 
Most women only washed their HAIR once a month and used BORAX  or EGG YOLKS for shampoo. 
 
Canada passed a law prohibiting POOR people from entering the country  for any reason. 
 
 The five leading causes of death in the US were: 
 1. Pneumonia & influenza 
 2. Tuberculosis 
 3. Diarrhea 
 4. Heart disease 
 5. Stroke 
 
The American flag had 45 stars. Arizona, Oklahoma, New Mexico,  Hawaii and Alaska hadn't 
been admitted to the Union yet. 
 
The population of Las Vegas, Nevada was 30. 
 
Crossword puzzles, canned beer, and iced tea hadn't been invented. 
 
There were no Mother's Day or Father's Day. 
 
One in ten US adults couldn't read or write. 
 
Only 6% of all Americans had graduated from HIGH SCHOOL. 
 
Coca Cola contained cocaine. 
 
Marijuana, heroin and morphine were all available over the counter  at corner drugstores. 
According to one pharmacist, "Heroin clears  the complexion, gives buoyancy to the mind, 
regulates the stomach  and the bowels, and is, in fact, a perfect guardian of health." 
 
18% of households in the US had at least one full-time SERVANT or domestic. 
 
There were only about 230 reported MURDERS in the entire US. 
 
 Just think what it will be like in another 100 years.  It boggles the mind...  

English language signs throughout the world 
"Transliterations" Collected by Foreign Service people.
Sent by Carlos Villanueva latino-business@yahoogroups.com

Cocktail lounge, Norway :
LADIES ARE REQUESTED NOT TO HAVE CHILDREN IN THE BAR.

At the Budapest Zoo :
PLEASE DO NOT FEED THE ANIMALS. IF YOU HAVE ANY SUITABLE FOOD, 
GIVE IT TO THE GUARD ON DUTY.

Doctors office, Rome :
SPECIALIST IN WOMEN AND OTHER DISEASES

Hotel, Acapulco :
THE MANAGER HAS PERSONALLY PASSED ALL THE WATER SERVED HERE.

Information booklet about using a hotel air conditioner, Japan :
COOLES AND HEATES : IF YOU WANT CONDITION OF WARM AIR IN YOUR ROOM, PLEASE CONTROL YOURSELF

Car rental brochure, Tokyo :
WHEN PASSENGER OF FOOT HEAVE IN SIGHT, TOOTLE THE HORN. TRUMPET HIM MELODIOUSLY AT FIRST, BUT IF HE STILL OBSTACLES YOUR PASSAGE THEN
TOOTLE HIM WITH VIGOUR.

Sign in men's rest room in Japan :
TO STOP LEAK TURN COCK TO THE RIGHT

In a Nairobi restaurant :
CUSTOMERS WHO FIND OUR WAITRESSES RUDE OUGHT TO SEE THE MANAGER.

On the grounds of a private school :
NO TRESPASSING WITHOUT PERMISSION.

O n a highway, Canada:
TAKE NOTICE : WHEN THIS SIGN IS UNDER WATER, THIS ROAD IS IMPASSABLE.

On a poster at Kencom :
ARE YOU AN ADULT THAT CANNOT READ? IF SO, WE CAN HELP.

In a City restaurant :
OPEN SEVEN DAYS A WEEK, AND WEEKENDS TOO.

On a mental institution building :
MENTAL HEALTH PREVENTION CENTE.

A sign seen on an automatic restroom hand dryer :
DO NOT ACTIVATE WITH WET HANDS

In a maternity ward :
NO CHILDREN ALLOWED

In a cemetery :
PERSONS ARE PROHIBITED FROM PICKING FLOWERS FROM ANY BUT THEIR OWN GRAVES.

Tokyo hotel's rules and regulations :
GUESTS ARE REQUESTED NOT TO SMOKE OR DO OTHER DISGUSTING BEHAVIOURS IN BED.

On the menu of a Swiss restaurant :
OUR WINES LEAVE YOU NOTHING TO HOPE FOR.

In a Tokyo bar :
SPECIAL COCKTAILS FOR THE LADIES WITH NUTS.

In a Bangkok temple :
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO ENTER A WOMAN EVEN A FOREIGNER IF DRESSED AS A MAN.

Hotel room notice, Chiang-Mai, Thailand :
PLEASE DO NOT BRING SOLICITORS INTO YOUR ROOM.

Hotel brochure, Italy :
THIS HOTEL IS RENOWNED FOR ITS PEACE AND SOLITUDE. IN FACT, CROWDS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD FLOCK HERE TO ENJOY ITS SOLITUDE.

Hotel lobby, Bucharest :
THE LIFT IS BEING FIXED FOR THE NEXT DAY. DURING THAT TIME WE REGRET THAT YOU WILL BE UNBEARABLE.

Hotel elevator, Paris :
PLEASE LEAVE YOUR VALUES AT THE FRONT DESK.

Hotel, Yugoslavia :
THE FLATTENING OF UNDERWEAR WITH PLEASURE IS THE JOB OF THE CHAMBERMAID.

Hotel, Japan :
YOU ARE INVITED TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE CHAMBERMAID.

In the lobby of a Moscow hotel across from a Russian Orthodox monastery :
YOU ARE WELCOME TO VISIT THE CEMETERY WHERE FAMOUS RUSSIAN AND SOVIET COMPOSERS, ARTISTS, AND WRITERS ARE BURIED DAILY EXCEPT THURSDAY.

Hotel catering to skiers, Austria :
NOT TO PERAMBULATE THE CORRIDORS IN THE HOURS OF REPOSE IN THE BOOTS OF ASCENSION.

Supermarket, Hong Kong :
FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE, WE RECOMMEND COURTEOUS, EFFICIENT SELF-SERVICE

From the "Soviet Weekly" :
THERE WILL BE A MOSCOW EXHIBITION OF ARTS BY 15,000 SOVIET REPUBLIC
PAINTERS AND SCULPTORS. THESE WERE EXECUTED OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS.

In an East African newspaper :
A NEW SWIMMING POOL IS RAPIDLY TAKING SHAPE SINCE THE CONTRACTORS HAVE THROWN IN THE BULK OF THEIR WORKERS.

Hotel, Vienna :
IN CASE OF FIRE, DO YOUR UTMOST TO ALARM THE HOTEL PORTER.

A sign posted in Germany's Black Forest :
IT IS STRICTLY FORBIDDEN ON OUR BLACK FOREST CAMPING SITE THAT PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT SEX, FOR INSTANCE, MEN AND WOMEN, LIVE TOGETHER IN ONE TENT UNLESS THEY ARE MARRIED WITH EACH OTHER FOR THIS PURPOSE.

Hotel, Zurich :
BECAUSE OF THE IMPROPRIETY OF ENTERTAINING GUESTS OF THE OPPOSITE SEX IN THE BEDROOM, IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE LOBBY BE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE.

An advertisement by a Hong Kong dentist :
TEETH EXTRACTED BY THE LATEST METHODISTS.

A laundry in Rome :
LADIES, LEAVE YOUR CLOTHES HERE AND SPEND THE AFTERNOON HAVING A GOOD TIME.

Tourist agency, Czechoslovakia :
TAKE ONE OF OUR HORSE-DRIVEN CITY TOURS. WE GUARANTEE NO MISCARRIAGES.

Advertisement for donkey rides, Thailand :
WOULD YOU LIKE TO RIDE ON YOUR OWN ASS?

The box of a clockwork toy made in Hong Kong :
GUARANTEED TO WORK THROUGHOUT ITS USEFUL LIFE.

In a Swiss mountain inn :
SPECIAL TODAY - NO ICE-CREAM.

Airline ticket office, Copenhagen :
WE TAKE YOUR BAGS AND SEND THEM IN ALL DIRECTIONS.

On the door of a Moscow hotel room :
IF THIS IS YOUR FIRST VISIT TO THE USSR, YOU ARE WELCOME TO IT

(1) "I'll tell you one thing, if things keep going the way they are, its going to be impossible to buy a week's groceries for $20.00."

(2) "Have you seen the new cars coming out next year? It won't be long before $5,000 will only buy a used car!"

(3) "If cigarettes keep going up in price, I'm going to quit -- a quarter a pack is ridiculous."

(4) "Did you hear the post office is thinking about charging a dime just to mail a letter?"

(5) "If they raise the minimum wage to $1, nobody will be able to hire outside help at the store."

(6) "When I first started driving, who would have thought gas would someday cost 29 cents a gallon. Guess we'd be better off leaving the car in the garage,"

(7) "Kids today are impossible. Those ducktail hair cuts make it impossible to stay groomed. Next thing you know, boys will be wearing their hair as long as the girls!"

(8) "I'm afraid to send my kids to the movies any more. Ever since they let Clark Gable get by with saying damn in "Gone With The Wind", it seems every new movie has either hell or damn in it."

(9) "I read the other day where some scientist thinks it's possible to put a man on the moon by the end of the century. They even have some fellows they call astronauts preparing for it down in Texas."

(10) "Did you see where some baseball player just signed a contract for $75,000 a year just to play ball? It wouldn't surprise me if someday they'll be making more than the President."

(11) "I never thought I'd see the day all our kitchen appliances would be electric. They're even making electric typewriters now!"

(12) "It's too bad things are so tough nowadays. I see where a few married women are having to work to make ends meet."

(13) "It won't be long before young couples are going to have to hire someone to watch their kids so they can both work."

(15) "I'm just afraid that Volkswagen car is going to open the door to a whole lot of foreign business."

(16) "Thank goodness I won't live to see the day when the Government takes half our income in taxes... I sometimes wonder if we are electing the best people to Congress."

(17) "The drive-in restaurant is convenient in nice weather, but I seriously doubt they'll ever catch on."

(18) "There's no sense going to Lincoln or Omaha anymore for a weekend. It costs nearly $15.00 a night to stay in a hotel!"

(19) "No one can afford to be sick any more, $35.00 a day in the hospital is too rich for my blood."