December 2005 
Editor: Mimi Lozano ©2000-5

Dedicated to Hispanic Heritage and Diversity Issues
 Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research

Oscar Chapa 
Honored on November 16th
Stockton, California San Joaquin Lions Recognition Dinner  
Recognition certificates were received from state, county, city, and service organizations:  

Chapa cousins from all over California gathered to honor Oscar Chapa, being recognized by numerous groups for his near 60 years of community services in Stockton, California. Oscar, wearing his yellow Lions Club tie, sits between his son, Dr. Eric Chapa, M.D. and his wife Alice and daughter, Dena Chapa Rupert (retired teacher). Your editor is the lady in green. Click for more.   

Born in Monterrey, Mexico December 15, 1917.  The family migrated from Mexico to Texas in 1924, then later to Los Angeles.  However, his ancestral grandfather, Juan Bautista Chapa had been present in Texas in the 1600s, exploring, studying, and assisting in the colonization.  Click for more.   

  Letters to the Editor : 

UNITED STATES

Oscar and Pat Quigley, Past International Director of Lion's Club International

An ad hoc committee of the San Joaquin Lions organized a special dinner to recognize Oscar Chapa who "during his 47 years with the Lions Club was named Lion of the year ten times", stated  Pat Quigley.  I want to publicly thank Rick Macias, Carol Hadley, Eric and Lynette Chapa for  organizing this very special night.  As Mayor Edward J. Chavez said "a very unusual man. What the world needs is more men like Oscar."   I am proud to say that Oscar Chapa is my uncle. Mimi

International President's
Certificate of Appreciation
Awarded to
Oscar Chapa

OTHER AWARDS RECEIVED

United States Congressional Special Certificate
California Legislature
San Joaquin County Sheriff
Board of Supervisors
City of Stockton
St. Mary's Interfaith Dining Hall

United States Congressional Recognition
delivered by Nicole Goehring, District Director
for
 U.S. Congressman Richard Pombo

TEXT BELOW

Oscar Chapa

Whereas, On November 16, 2005 Oscar Chapa will be honored by the Stockton-San Joaquin Lions Club for his years of service to the organization and his exemplary record of community service, and it is appropriate at this time to highlight his many achievements and extend to him the special recognition of the public, and

Whereas, A community activist since arriving in Stockton almost 60 years ago, Oscar Chapa is a charter member of the Stockton San Joaquin Lions Club and has served the Club as President from 1968-1969, held various officer and board positions, is a Melvin Jones Fellow, and was selected as Lion of the Year ten times, and

Whereas, Born on December 15, 1917, in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, Oscar Chapa moved with his family to Texas in 1921 and , four years later, they relocated to Los Angeles, California and

Whereas, First serving in the United States Army National Guard, Oscar Chapa also enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II, where he obtained the rank of Master Sergeant and

Whereas, Moving with his wife, Alice Reynoso, and children, Dena and Eric, Oscar Chapa opened Mexico Café with his sisters, Elia and Estella, in 1947, and

Whereas, Operating taco stands in various county fairs over the years, as well as the California State Fair in Sacramento, Oscar Chapa owns Oscar’s Catering Service which opened for business in the mid 1940’s , and

Whereas, During his 47 years of service to the Stockton-San Joaquin Lions Club, Oscar Chapa has chaired fundraising projects which include tamale and enchilada dinners, the Cioppino Feed, and the St Patrick’s dinners; and

Whereas, Committed to improving the quality of life for others, Oscar Chapa has served the community by removing the old roof of the Blind Center, driving truckloads of donated food and clothing to orphanages in Mexico, contributing used ambulances to small towns and annually chairing a project started in 1977 which provides lunches for the volunteers of the Su Salud Health Fair; and

Whereas, For many years, Oscar Chapa served weekly at the St Mary’s Dining Hall and as a member of the San Joaquin County Sheriff’s Air Posse, he made himself and his airplance available in times of need; and

Whereas, Oscar Chapa is known to frequently increase the Stockton-San Joaquin Lions Club’s contributions to various charities and, as a lifetime member, he continues to advise and inspire all the members, now therefore be it

Resolved by Assembly Member Greg Aghazarian and Senator S Poochigan, that Oscar Chapa be commended for the significant contributions that he has made to the people of the local community and throughout the state, and extended sincere best wishes for continued success in the future.

Members Resolution No 3166

Dated this 16^th day of November, 2005

(signed) Honorable Greg Aghazarian
26^th Assembly District

(signed) Honorable Charles S Poochigan
14^th Senatorial District

Lorena Gonzalez, District Representative for Assembyman Greg Aghazarian California Legislature Assembly Resolution.

Board of Supervisors
Certificate of Appreciation 

Carlos Villapudua, Legislative Aide for Supervisor Steve Gutierrez delivers the Certificate of Appreciation

Oscar moved to Stockton in the mid 40's, started a partnership business with his 2 sisters by opening a Mexican Restaurant named the "Mexico Cafe".  The Concession Manager for the State Fair, a steady patron at the cafe invited him to open a Taco Stand at the fair.  This was the start of a successful business that expanded with Taco Stands at county fairs throughout the state as well as the state fair that continued for 53 + years.

STOCKTON-SAN JOAQUIN LIONS CLUB

After many meetings with various citizens of the community (mainly Hispanic) and the perseverance of Emil Fimble, Angel Cruz, and Joe Reyes of the now known Stockton Host Lions, the San Joaquin Lions Club was born.  Oscar Chapa: One of 19 inducted as Charter Member in 1958.  He is the only active Charter Member.

With his invaluable experience and equipment has taken the chairmanship to most of the dinner fundraising projects the club has undertaken. He Chaired the Tamale and the Cioppino Dinners of the past, and our continued annual Corned Beef and Cabbage, and Enchilada Dinners.

Another major club project he chaired annually was providing lunches for the volunteers of the "Su Salud" Program headed by Dr. Vicuna. This program started in 1977 with the serving of a few hundred lunches and expanded annually to the County Fair Grounds where we were serving approximately 2700 volunteers.

For many years he has volunteered to serve weekly at St. Mary’s Dining Hall.

As a past member of the San Joaquin County Sheriff’s Air Patrol, had made himself and his airplane available in times of need.

He is known to frequently increase the clubs contributions to various charities by either matching or just increasing the clubs donation.

As President in 1968-69 was very instrumental in doubling the membership to 58, and has held various officer and board positions throughout his entire membership. He is the senior of 3 generations of active members in San Joaquin Lions which includes son, Dr. Eric Chapa; Daughter-in-law, Lynette Chapa; and Grandson, Craig Chapa. A rarity in any service organization.

AWARDS: LION OF THE YEAR 10 TIMES
MELVIN JONES FELLOW
LIFETIME MEMBER 1989

Happily married to Alice for 63 years.
2 Children: Dr. Eric Chapa, and Dena Rupert, Retired SUSD Teacher.
3 Grand Children and 2 Great Grand Children

Sheriff-Coroner
County of San Joaquin
State of California

Commendation
Presented to
Oscar Chapa

In recognition for the valuable service you have rendered to our community
and for the cooperation you have extended to our department.
Your action reflect a deep personal sense of community responsibility 
and in grateful acknowledgment I extend my sincerest commendations.

San Joaquin County Sheriff Robert Heidelbach

People prepare to enter 
St. Mary's  Interfaith Dining Hall

Special Free Medical services 

Today with more than 46,000 clubs in 194 countries and geographical areas, Lions have expanded their focus to help meet the ever-increasing needs of our global community. 

Our programs are continually changing to meet new needs and greater demands, but our mission has never wavered: "We Serve."

We Serve - Nearly 1.35 million Lions members in 194 countries and geographic areas answer the needs that challenge the communities of the world. Lions tackle tough problems like blindness, drug abuse prevention and diabetes awareness. Global neighbors - Lions members—men and women—provide immediate and sustained relief in time of disaster and offer long-term assistance to those in need. Lions collect and recycle eyeglasses for distribution in developing countries and treat millions of people to prevent river blindness. Community Leaders - Lions improve the quality of life in their local communities by building parks, supporting hospitals and establishing water treatment programs. For 85 years, whenever there is a need at home or around the world, Lions members are there to help—We Serve 

“It is high time that Texas take a new course. Our high schools lose more than one out of three of their students before graduation. This lack of school holding power affects every Texan,” said Dr. Montecel. “Most dropout prevention programs fail either because they are too narrow or because they blame students and parents for the problem. What we know, though, is that schools themselves must change to increase their ability to engage and educate students through to graduation. Parents and communities have played vital roles in every school reform effort – from fighting for fair funding to making sure that students are not ignored because of the language they speak. Communities and their neighborhood public schools can work together to guarantee that every child graduates from high school.”

IDRA research shows that between 1985-86 and 2004-05, 2.2 million secondary  students have  been lost from public school enrollment in the state, costing the state over $500 billion in foregone income, lost tax revenues, and increased job training, welfare, unemployment and criminal justice costs. 

Visit http://www.idra.org  to view the report, attrition by county and background information. 

ANTI-SPANISH LEGENDS

 Knight Ridder Newspaper reporter, Banks Albach
Western Lifestyle, mini-article by Morgan P. Yates

The first was an article was written by Knight Ridder Newspaper reporter Banks Albach. 

The first paragraph of a newspaper article in the Orange County Register about Pre-Columbian artifacts on display at the Smithsonian, Nov. 12th.reads:

"Washington  * A horde of pre-Columbian gold artifacts that the Spanish conquistadors would have killed for went on view in Washington this week, including some made more than 2,000 years ago that had never before left South America."

Leaving that phrase out would not have affected the information in anyway, but the writer felt quite safe in demeaning an entire nation with a superfluous personal addition.

That phrase could just as easily have been instead . . . colonial English privateers, Dutch plantation owners, German merchants or Portuguese slave traders, some of whom within each group were engaged in horrific, nefarious businesses to gain riches, but the writer felt historically sound in identifying the Spanish.  

The aspect that identifies it as an anti-Spanish legend is that it is totally unnecessary to include the phrase, and it perpetuates a negative, anti-Spanish attitude.  

Second example:  Western Lifestyle  September/October 2005

A very brief article (4 paragraphs)  by Morgan P. Yates, Mission Restoration

Third paragraph:  "Spanish colonizing efforts relied on three institutions: presidios (forts), pueblos towns), and missions.  The Franciscan friars gathered California Indians into the mission system, where they endured the depredations of disease and the strains of adjusting to lives of servitude greatly different from their previous existence.  The pressures led to a catastrophic decline in their population."

Yates places the entire blame for  the decline of the California Indian population on the life style under the Franciscan friars.

However in a chapter on mining in California . . .  Sent by Johanna De Soto
the reduction of the Indian population came after the missions had been secularized and were not longer functioning. 
http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/departments/espm/env-hist/studyguide/chap8.htm

CHAPTER 8
MINING CALIFORNIA'S EARTH IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Chapter Outline
I. Gold Mining in California
A. Ecological effects of gold mining: timber depletion by gold miners; landscape degradation and river debris in hydraulic mining disrupt fishing and farming; mercury used in gold and silver amalgamation pollutes rivers; air and water pollution is associated with gold miners' camps.
B. Exogenous factors disrupting California lands
1. Population: Cyclical patterns emerge--exploration; growth of frontier towns or boom towns, followed by decline and ghost town. Pattern is related to relative abundance and rate of exhaustion of nonrenewable resource base. Gold rush provides dramatic example: 

California population in: 
1848 14,000 non-Indians and 100,000 Indians; 
1849 100,000 settlers;
1852: 250,000 settler and 50,000 Indians;
1860: 380,000 settlers;
1900 Indians are reduced to 15,000

Mexico's Secularization Act of the California Missions was in 1835. The data above shows the Indian population was estimated as a healthy 100,000.  It was after California was overrun by Easterners and other immigrants entering California as gold seekers that the population of the Indians was reduced by 85%.        

California became a state on September 9th, 1850.  
Between 1849 and 1900, 730,000 immigrants entered California. 

This article falls into an anti-Spanish legend.  The brief 4-paragraph article, entitled Mission Restoration, did not have to include the Franciscan Friars. It added nothing to the subject of Mission Restoration.  The writer used one paragraph filled with unsupported historical data and makes a wide totally inaccurate personal generalization, perpetuating a negative anti-Spanish attitude.  

SURNAME

DESSOMMES-RÉGNIER

Spanish Sons of the American Revolution

Maria Angeles O'Donnell Olson, 
Consul Honoraria de España en San Diego acknowledges the historical facts concerning 
the Spanish contributions to the American Revolution. 

CASSAR President Larry Magerkurth was Master of Ceremonies. CASSAR Chaplain, Bishop, Louis V. Carlson stands behind Consul Olson.

Members of Casa de España in San Diego

Dear Robert: 

Thank you for your comments and support. I have almost finished compiling all published lists of American mariners during the Rev. War. When I was working my way across country with the Spanish soldiers and sailors, and when I got to the West Indies, I found I knew little about 
the American maritime activities of the war. I have worked on the lists three years now and have 8000 vessels and 50,000 mariners (or mariner supporters, suppliers, owners, etc.) To this I will add the remaining Spanish soldiers I can identify in the Western Hemisphere, separately, and what French I can find. As we are getting immigrants from every South American country, we must be getting soldier descendants.

With my regards, Granville W. Hough.
 gwhough@earthlink.net
Laguna Beach, California

ORANGE COUNTY, CA

Photos by Paul E. Rodriguez

From under the ponchos, he heard his shipmates sobbing. Deep cries that emanated form the soul. And with that realization, the emotional weight of the day hit hard.

The bombs. The fire. The bodies of fellow sailors fished from the harbor. Tears streamed down Limon's face. He'd come to Pearl Harbor for the promise of tropical weather and women in hula skirts. To escape his impoverished neighborhood.  His thoughts turned to family, his four older brothers and three sisters. He just wanted to be back home. 

That day was Dec. 7,1941. The day that changed the course of American history. The day that forever changed Pete Limon.

Now, at 81, Limon sits in the clubhouse of a San Juan Capistrano mobile-home park, recalling every detail of that day, from his eggs-over-easy breakfast to where he stood on the USS Swan as enemy warplanes approached. He's happy to tell his story. About surviving the attack. About how his four older brothers followed him into the military to help win the war.

Limon will mark Veterans Day on Saturday at a Cal State Fullerton ceremony honoring Latino veterans. The event will pay tribute to families like Limon's, who had multiple brothers serving in WWII.  (The event was the 9th Annual Celebration, hosted by Latino Advocates for Education.)

Limon will do so with pride. But also with sadness.  Fewer Pear Harbor survivors are living to tell their stories each year. Limon went back to Hawaii for the 60th anniversary. "I'm not sure I'll make it to a 70th. I'm not sure there'll be any of us left," he said.

Oily one of his brothers, Robert, 84, is still alive. But he's too ill to attend Saturday's event. So, Limon is eager to tell his story, while there is still time.

"I want people to understand the humanity of that day, to know that there was pride and heroism, but these were real people and there was also fear and humiliation... the truth of war."

Limon's family had lived in Los Angeles since before it was part of the United States. Elders often started conversations with "antes de los Americanos ..." (before the Americans came). Limon's parents died before he turned 15. He dropped out of high school in 11th grade and turned to the military.

He was light-skinned and people who heard his name (pronounced lee-MOAN) often assumed he was French. Once his barrack mates learned he was Latino, they taunted him with racial slurs and challenged him to fights. I got to be pretty tough for 17.1 wasn't big, but I was quick and learned to fight."

Limon arrived at Pearl Harbor in October 1941. Warm breezes. Comfortable barracks. And the guarantee of three meals a day after growing up in the Depression.  He'd found paradise.

That all changed early on a Sunday, less than two months after he arrived. Limon was headed to work his 8 a.m. shift sending radio signals aboard the Swan when he saw a low-flying plane.

"I looked up and saw the eyes of the pilot, wearing a furry-hooded coat, staring down at us," he said. "I saw his machine gun pointed right at me, so I hit the deck."

He jumped up and ran to the radios, where he found complete chaos as fleets from across the Pacific signaled back, trying to confirm it was a real attack.

When Limon climbed above deck, he saw a hellish scene. "There was just nothing like that fleet at Pearl Harbor; it had been so beautiful," Limon said. "And now everything was on fire, those huge battleships rearing up out of the water like wounded horses.

'You can't describe that kind of fear."  Limon wrote home to let his family know he was unharmed) staying in contact through his sister Rosalva.  She wrote back to say that their brother Robert had joined the Marines.

Tino soon joined. Then Jose was drafted by the Army, and Jess, who had three children, was called on by the Navy. Limon thought often about his four brothers, scattered across the globe. They relied on Rosalva's letters to stay connected. Each letter brought excitement. But as he broke the seal, Limon always feared that this could be the letter telling him one of his brothers was dead.

"I talked to so many Marines and heard about the brutal fighting they were seeing," Limon said. "I was concerned. Word eventually came that Robert was wounded by shrapnel at Iwo Jima - serious wounds but not life threatening.

"Believe it or not, when I got that letter I thought, 'Oh, good, he really dodged a bullet.'"

It wasn't until 1947 that all five brothers were able to gather together back in their, old East LA. neighborhood.  Frankly, it was a big drunken party," Limon said. "We'd all made it through."

Many families weren't so lucky. Latino families tended to have many children, so it was common to to see Latino brothers serving together Limon said.

"With education the way it was, there just weren't a  lot of opportunities for us. The military was an obvious choice."

Limon hopes history will remember Latinos who served. And recognize those who are still serving; "Look at Gen. (Ricardo) Sanchez. He's led the whole effort in Iraq. We have reason to be proud."

Saturday's ceremony will be one of the few military events Limon attends. He's stopped going to funerals of fellow veterans. There are too many these days.  And he politely declines most invitations to ceremonies just because organizers need a Pearl Harbor survivor to round out the roster.

It reminds Limon of Comanche - Gen. Ouster's horse that survived the Battle of Little Big Horn. The horse was put out to pasture after that battle and spent the rest of its life marching in military parades until it died of old age.

"The older you get, the more iconic you get," said Limon, who carries a Pearl Harbor Survivor card above his driver's license. "I'm proud of my service and happy to share my story. "But I don't want to be that horse."

December 8th: 
Flamenco Den, Ole! Navidad

Special Flamenco Christmas Celebration Featuring a Traditional Gypsy FIN DE FIESTA introducing jaleos (singing), elevating zambras (roots of flamenco) and bulerias with guest artists, rumba flamenca & great surprises!

WHEN: Thursday December 8th, 2005
TIME: 7:00 PM - Dj spinning all night an eclectic mix of international music
8:00 GUEST ARTIST TBA
9:00 PM - CLAUDIA DE LA CRUZ and her Flamenco Dance Company
WHERE: Gitanerias Cafe | Flamenco Den
500 N. Brookhust Ave, Anaheim California 92802
(one block south of the 5 Fwy or one mile north of Euclid Ave)

RSVP (714) 543-1370 INFO (714) 543-0613
www.plaza-garibaldi.com www.tierra-flamenca.com www.claudiadelacruz.com
ATTIRE: Gypsy attire. Casual attire is always welcome

This month enjoy the beautiful work of Joseph Rivera http://www.josephrivera.us/

Joseph Rivera has been into art ever since he picked up a crayon at an early age.
He shared interest in many things growing up, but art was always his first love.
His abilities grew as he got older never loosing the desire to draw and paint.
His self taught technique and style resembles that of the masters from the 1500 and 1600’s. This involves applying very thin layers of paint, waiting for each layer to dry before applying the next layer. This process is tedious and is very time-consuming producing beautiful results. Rivera is proud of his heritage and specializes in painting Latina women in romantic lantern or candle light scenes.

George Sabroso promueve la mejor musica Latina 
del mundo por KUCI, 88.9
Jueves, 10 de Noviembre 2005, Cultural Infantil, A-12

Mini Ondas did a great story on KUCI, the Muy Sabroso! show and plugged all the shows on KUCI 88.9fm that have Latin hosts. Let's give Velazquez Publishing a big round of applause for supporting Latin music in Orange County. For more information on Velazquez Publising you
can visit www.miniondas.com  The story: http://www.miniondas.com/A12.htm

In order to go directly to the story about KUCI 88.9fm in Irvine, you can visit the link below.  muysabrososhow@sbcglobal.net

Muy Sabroso! w/ George Sabroso
KUCI 88.9fm in Irvine/CA/USA  www.kuci.org

CALIFORNIA

Ronald Bauer as Father Gregorio Amorio blesses the crowd Tuesday at the beginning 
of Mission San Juan Capistrano's celebration of he 229th anniversary of its founding. 
The mission was founded on Nov. 1 1776, By Father Junipero Serra. 
The Orange County Register,  Nov. 2, 2005

NORTHWESTERN UNITED STATES

Indeed, the enduring old knight of La Mancha, his loyal squire Sancho Panza and the beautiful Dulcinea continue to find homes on millions of bookshelves, libraries and night stands. Regarded as the first modem novel, the two-volume "Don Quixote" has been translated into more languages than any book but the Bible.

Brigham Young University is hosting a birthday party of sorts for Don Quixote and his companions. Several events, including a Quixote-themed exhibit at the school's Museum of Art, celebrate the novel's ageless place in the study in the humanities.

Perhaps the secret of "Don Quixote's" long life is its remarkable ability to connect with readers over space and time, said exhibit curator Marian Wardle. Without changing a word from its hefty text, the book fluidly evolves. "Every reader superimposes his or her own experience" into the story.

Centuries before Don Quixote and Sancho chased windmills on Hollywood or Broadway stages, artists were interpreting "Don Quixote" in the sketches and paintings commissioned to illustrate the many editions of the novel. BYU's "Images of Don Quixote: Magic, Frames and Imagined Possibilities" displays images from more than 20 editions. The illustrations date from 1620 to 1885 and include the works of artists ranging from Gustave Dore to William Hogarth.

Such images reflect the evolving interpretations of the novel throughout the centuries, according to the museum. Some readers have imagined (he title character as a noble hero. Others see him as a lovable nut. Most recently, Don Quixote is often revered as a "quixotic" or affable romantic battling society's constraining definition of reality. 

The illustrators themselves "helped frame the image of Don Quixote," Sister Wardle said. An illustration from 1620, for example, depicts Don Quixote in the attitude and dress of an English gentleman. 

"Images of Don Quixote" is on display on the museum's lower level and is free to the public. Exhibit information is presented in English and Spanish. The show is sponsored by the museum, along with BYU's Spanish and Portuguese departments and the College of Humanities. "Don Quixote" likely holds great appeal for many Church members. Many from Spanish-speaking lands may have cut their literary studies teeth on the book. Returned missionaries from Spanish-speaking countries, such as Sister Wardle, will relish the Old World dialect found in the original edition. Meanwhile, members of all backgrounds can find much to admire in Don Quixote's and Sancho's virtuous tenacity to do good and make a difference. Sister Wardle added that BYU students have been integral in organizing the many Don Quixote events on campus.

SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES

Obituary By Elaine Woo
Los Angeles Times staff writer
Sent by Sister Mary Sevilla, Assistant Provincial 
Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, 
Los Angeles Province

Lalo Delgado, an activist and poet who was considered el dbuelito, or the grand-daddy, of the Chicano literature movement for pioneering writing that reflected a commitment to social justice and illuminated Latino heritage and struggles, died of cancer July 23, 2004 in Denver.  He was 73.

One of the first writers to emerge from the Chicano movement of the 1860s and ' '70s, Delgado was the author of 14 books, most of them self-published. Among the best known was "Chicano: 25 Pieces of a Chicano Mind," published In 1909. His poems also were frequently anthologized.

He considered himself a "people's poet," who once said his primary mission was to chronicle Chicano events, victories and defeats from "a poetic perspective absent from newspapers and prose journals."

"His poetry was being taught at the earliest beginnings of Chicano studies. We didn't even have a term for the field then," Luis Torres, chairman of the Chicano studies department at Metropolitan State College in Denver, where Delgado taught for 17 years, told The Times on Friday

Torres, who recalled using mimeographed copies of some of Delgado's first .poems to classes he taught 30 years ago, called his longtime colleague "the dean of Chicano poetry."

Born Abelardo Delgado to a poor family in Chihuahua, Mexico, the writer moved to El Paso with his mother in 1943 when he was 12 and grew up in a tenement packed with 23 families sharing three bathrooms

Even though he arrived in the United States knowing little English, he was soon making friends by writing religious poems and "love poems for freckle-faced girls."

Vice president of the honor society, he graduated from high school in 1950, when college, for a poor Mexican immigrant, was virtually an impossible dream. Delgado worked for the next several years in construction and in restaurants.

"Going to college, for a Chicano, as unheard of then, "he once told an interviewer. "the teacher had no expectation a Chicano could be a writer. No one ever said, 'Delgado, you're good with your words.' Instead, they said, 'Delgado you're good with your hands.' I believed them. I went to digging holes."

In 1955 he began working with impoverished youth at community center in El Paso, helping them find jobs and educational opportunities in a system that still kept Latinos in segregated classrooms. His experiences there turned him into an activist.

He found his way to college eight years after finishing high school and earned a bachelor's degree in Spanish from the University of Texas at El Paso in 1962. By the early 1960s he was working with Cesar Chavez in the farm worker movement, and later he was executive director of the Colorado Migrant Council.

"It was perfect. It was an expression from the barrio that captured the emotions of the times," said Estevan Flores, a friend and executive director of the Latino/a Research and Policy Center at the University of Colorado at Denver.

Delgado was famous among family and friends for special-occasion poems. He presented poems to couples getting married. Every year he compose a new poem for Mother's Day and Father's Day, which he read to fellow worshipers at church. When he was "courting his future wife, he sent her a dollar bill every day by special delivery from California, where he was working to a hotel, so she could buy a wedding dress. On each bill, he scrawled a poem.

Described as a man with a wide girth and easy laugh, Delgado read his poems in a booming voice that needed no amplification. He shoved aside microphones even before 2,000 people in a crowded auditorium.

Some noted Chicano writers trace their beginnings as poets to the first time they heard Delgado perform, said Ramon Del Castillo of Denver, who includes himself in that group.

Delgado wrote in Spanish, English and a combination of the two. In so doing, Del Castillo said Friday, he showed that Spanglish, as the hybrid is known, was "a legitimate form of communication."

Delgado's declamatory style and concern with social issues also "connected the Chicano and Chicana poet to the community," Torres said. His influence echoes in the work of such writers as the late Jose Antonio Burciaga of California, Ana Castillo of Illinois and Lorna Dee Cervantes of Colorado.

. Delgado is survived by his wife of 51 years, Lola Estrada; eight children; 19 grandchildren; and four great-grandchildren.

 Don Tosti  

aka 
Edmundo Martinez Tostado

1948

"Pachuco Boogie" became one of the first million-selling Latin songs. 

Recorded m 1948, "Pachuco Boogie" became one of the first million-selling Latin songs. It caught on immediately with pachucos — also Called zoot-suiters tor their clothing: who were the first-wave of Mexican Americans to embrace American pop culture "and make it into their own. They eschewed old-fashioned Mexican music and absorbed the sounds reverberating in barrios.

Pachuco music, recently defined as Latino "street, music" by Arhoolie Records 'President Chris Strachwitz had something of a revival in 1978 because of the popular play by Luis Valdez, "Zoot Suit."

Although Tosti's "Pachuco Boogie" was not used in the play, it was included in a 2002 compilation of pachuco tunes using Tosti's title.  Strachwitz produced the compilation for Arhoolie from songs by various artists recorded primarily in Los Angeles between 1948 and 1954.

"They are rappers in a way," Strachwitz said at the 's release.  "Half of it is talking, and all in this low life lingo."

In assessing the compilation album, Times writer Agustin Gurza wrote:  "This is fusion music before the term was invented.  It's a blend of the popular styles of the day - swing, boogle-woogie and jump blues - with mambo rhythms and a Mexican touch.  Because the lyrics are in Spanish, spiced with the livel, hep-cat brand of pachuco slang called calo, some conisder pachuco music a precurosr of today's rock en Español."

He moved to Los Angles as a teenager and began playing the upright bass.  At 19, he was hired by trombonist Jack Teagarden to play in his orchestra.  Tosti, who was one of the few Mexican Americans to play in the popular big bands of the 1940s and 1950s, worked with les Brown, Charlie Barnet and Jimmy Dorsey.

Tosti formed his own band, the Pachuco Boogie Boys.  In the 1960s, he moved to Palm Springs, where he became an orchestra leader at hotels and taught piano.  A widower with no children, Tosti is survived by his sister.

BLACK

Libro de la Conquista 
From: fromgalveston@yahoo.com











Libro de la Conquista
http://www.finns-books.com/florent.htm

SEPHARDIC

New Mexicans study their roots, begin to worship, eye to Sephardic past

The names in the family are Arellano, Archuleta, Duran, and Sanchez. I remember people saying that Grandmother Duran, on Mother's side, was Jewish. Relatives told this to me. My ancestors, on this side of the family, came in 1598. The Arellanos came from Mexico (Aguascaliente, Mexico). Relatives said that the Arellanos, my father's family, came from Spain in 1695 with Don Diego De Vargas who reclaimed New Mexico for Spain, without bloodshed. They also came with Alonso Rael De Aguilar, their ancestor. I believe they were probably all related or part of an extended family. The Arellano branch of my family came from Arellano, near the Basque region and close to Pamplona.

When someone died, Mother said her family would cover the mirrors or turn them to face the wall. They would have a twenty-four hour burial, and the mourning period would last for a year. During that time they were not allowed to go to dances or listen to the radio.

I avoid church and don't worship, as did my father. I don't believe in organized religion. At one time, theArellanos were Protestant. The Arellanos never went to church and never had santos (statues). My mother said she became an Apostolic Fundamentalist because, in the Catholic Church, you were not allowed to read the Old Testament. Afterwards, my mother, sisters, and brothers became Seventh DayAdventists. Father never became part of this.

I don't feel any connection to Judaism. However, I'm proud of my heritage and tell my children that they have an Apache, Basque, and Jewish heritage.  Why would you come here if you weren't escaping something.

  
 Kim Delgado

My aunt said the family was from Spain. There were a couple of brothers who wanted to seek their fortune. They were also seeking a better life in the New World. She had no proof, but this is what she was told.

I was thinking about one of my grandmas. She never went anywhere, including church. I thought, "How come if you're Catholic, you don't go to church?" She would pray her rosary and not go to church. I asked my aunt why Grandma didn't go to church if she was Catholic. She said, "Well, Grandma doesn't like to go anywhere," She stayed at home. I thought that was strange. She was C de Baca and Garcia.

The people in my village, a village that is no longer there, would marry within the community because they never went anywhere. The name of the village was Chaperita, 35 miles southeast of Las Vegas. We married within our own.

We had a twenty-four hour burial. From the day that the person died, people would start coming over with food. Afew days after the burial, people would still come and bring food. We had a one-year mourning period. Every year they would offer a Catholic mass for the deceased. If someone was killed at the side of the road, they would place a cross there and hold it up with a pile of rocks. They covered the mirrors after the death, and Grandma covered the mirrors during lightning. Coins were placed on the eyes of the deceased to close them.

During Holy Week, you couldn't shave. Holy Week starts on Monday and ends on the Friday before Easter Sunday. We would not do any chores. The Friday of Holy Week was the most important day. The Saturday before Easter you would be able to resume all activities. That Saturday is called Glorious Saturday. 

I am intrigued by Judaism.  If I discovered the truth, it would  not change me.  I would accept it and work with it because it identifies who you are.

Los Lunas When the Roman Legions overran the Jewish nation, much of the Jewish population was sent into exile throughout the Roman Empire.

Many were sent to the Iberian peninsula. The area became know by the Hebrew word Sephard, meaning far away.

The Jews in Spain and Portugal became known as Sephardim or Sephardi, and those things associated with the Sephardim, including names, customs, genealogy and religious rites, became know as Sephardic.

From the Web site of Dr. Seth Ward formerly of the Center of Judaic Studies at the University of Denver, www.du.edu/-sward/sephardim.html.

Perry Peña always wondered why his grandmother lit a candle on Friday evenings and not on other days.  He also wondered why his aunt kissed a statue of St. Jude on the doorframe as she entered her home.

It wasn't until he became interested in Judaism that he realized his family is descended from conversos, or New Christians, who hid their Jewish heritage during the Spanish Inquisition by becoming Catholics. Many conversos colonized in New Spain.

Research documentation is particularly strong about New Christian settlement in what later became northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

"I always wondered about some of our family traditions," Peña said. "I have realized there are layers upon layers of Jewish customs in the northern New Mexico traditions, such as kissing of the door post, going to Mass on Saturday, covering mirrors when someone dies, throwing dirt into the grave, soaking a freshly butchered chicken in salt water before cooking it or bleeding a sheep and then burying the blood, and women sweeping the dirt into the center of the room before picking it up."

And now he also understands that his family's lighting of luminarias at Christmas was a Crypto-Judaism practice celebrating the Festival of Lights by Sephardic Jews.

Ralph Madina, from the age of 19, said he has kept the Jewish holy days even though his family was Christian. "I just always felt it was what I should do," he said.

Six years ago, after moving to New Mexico from New York City, Madina realized his family's roots in Barcelona, Spain, were also in Judaism. "I then understood my feelings," he said.

"Our family always says the blessing as we say good-bye. When I bought a car in New Mexico, the salesman gave me a blessing after our business was completed," Madina said. "I thought this is wonderful."

Whether said in Hebrew, Spanish or English, both Peña and Madina say the family practice of saying a blessing — "Lord bless you and keep you. May the Lord make his face to shine upon you. May the Lord bless you and keep upon your way and give you blessings" — is a Jewish tradition.

Joe Morse's awakening to his Sephardic Jewish heritage was a little different. He was raised as an Orthodox Jew in New York City since his grandparents came to the United States from the Ukraine.

"But I never looked like the other Ukrainian kids at synagogue," the 30-year resident of New Mexico said. "It wasn't until I learned that my ancestor went from Barcelona, Spain, to Kiev that I realized I was actually a Sephardic Jew and that I have Spanish features."

With the realization of their religious heritage, Morse, Madina and Peña have been drawn together to form a Sephardic Jewish synagogue in Valencia County.

"We are the Kahilah Ba-Midbar, congregation in the wilderness," said Morse, the congregation's leader. "When we first started gathering together, we'd meet in parks and in people's homes. Now we meet at the Village of Los Lunas Wellness Center, beside Heritage Park each Saturday at 10:30 a.m."

Madina is the congregation's elder, while Peña is the group's teacher.

"We are not Jews who worship Jesus, but rather we believe in the one God and his son, Yeshua, who was, is and will always be our messiah," Morse said.

Rather than calling Jesus by a Christian name, Morse says the group refers to him as Yeshua, which is Hebrew meaning salvation.

"Our goal is to reintroduce the lost House of Israel, the Sephardic Jews who have had to practice Crypto-Judaism, to their true heritage by teaching the Torah and Jewish lifestyle, including keeping of the Sabbath and holy days, through songs and prayers in our Hebrew language," Morse said.

"We are trying to go back to the pure practice in our belief of the Messiah. We will not forsake our true heritage. We are reclaiming our birthright."

"We are trying to evolve back to the original teachings of the first congregation of Yeshua by studying the meanings of the Hebrew words in the Torah to get the higher truth," said Madina. "Take the Hebrew for the phrase, God almighty, El Shadi, it actually is translated as God of the breast, or I feed you."

"We welcome all who want to study the Torah to seek Gods truth through the Messiah, Yeshua," Morse said.

He adds that, through this practice, he says group's members are changing to be more pleasing to God. "We are striving for salvation through the Messiah, to turn from sin and walk away."

The group also has future goals of establishing a Sephardic study center, Judaic store, deli and food coop.

TEXAS 

First Annual Birthday Celebration
  in Honor of Adina De Zavala - (1861-1955)
Sent by elindio2@hotmail.com

A brief ceremony was held at the gravesite. A ceremonial wreath was place following the reading of a brief eulogy. 

Photo: 
www.cah.utexas.edu/.../ blue2/blue2b.html

Mark your calendars: 
2006, 27th annual Hispanic State Genealogical Conference 
 Corpus Christi Oct 31 to Nov 3rd, hosted by the Spanish American Genealogical Society. Information: Mira Smithwick, President of  SAGA, SagaCorpus@aol.com

Tejas (Texas) was settled and ruled by the  Spanish for more than three hundred years (1500-1800). Settlements of  Spanish speaking Tejano communities flourished during those early Tejas  days, along with the development of a very unique group of people called  “Los Tejanos”. Today in the United States Tejanos and Tejanas continue being  part of the original fabric of Texas. Presently the area known as Mexico  was also settled and ruled by the Spanish. The colonization of these two  areas in the North American continent led to the birth and evolution of two  similar but distinct people. The Spanish, who settled in Mexico City and  the surrounding areas mixed with the local indigenous inhabitants, and gave  birth to the first “mestizos”. Today in Mexico, there are varieties of  different levels of mestizos and others identified as Mexican. Currently  all over the United States but especially in Texas, and along the southern  border, great numbers of Mexican and Mexican-Americans are living here.  Who are Tejanos . . . 

In the 1500’s the Spanish came and established La Provincia De Tejas.  Presently in Texas large numbers of Tejanos are descendants of Spanish and  local indigenous people, who settled the territory named Tejas (Texas).  Most Spanish speaking Tejanos, born in Texas are not aware of their Tejano  ancestry. It’s clear, because the Tejano or Tejana term is seldom, if ever, used. The distinction applies to individuals of Spanish, Spanish/Indigene  and other ancestry born in Tejas. Why? Tejanos and Tejanas emerged,  evolved and developed, during the original Tejas Spanish Province era.  Since the early 1600’s Tejanos actively contributed to the development of  cities such as Goliad, Gonzales, Refugio, San Fernando now known as San  Antonio and many more. Many of the original inhabitants of the Republic of  Texas were Tejanos, not Mexican. They were Tejanos long before becoming  Mexican citizens in 1824.

Presently the United States government, educational and other institutions  consider most individuals of Spanish and other ancestry, living in Texas and  other southwestern states Mexican or Mexican American. This is false,  misleading and has caused grave identity consequences to United States born  Tejano citizens with similar linage. With the exception of sporadic minor  mention of the Mexican Tejano term, referencing the original early settlers  of Tejas, the Tejano term is hardly if ever used. Most people believe the  Tejano term stands for or represents music. When in fact Tejano musicians  introduced and established the Tejano Music genre. The term “Tejano” is  erroneously used and associated to mean Mexican and Tejano are one and the  same. In the United States, especially in Texas, most people believe  Tejanos and Tejanas are Mexican, came from Mexico or they are all of Mexican  decent. This view is terribly flawed and embarrassing.

Why should you care …?

I strongly support the view that Tejanos who were born in Texas, especially  descendants of the original Tejanos, should be properly identified as  Tejanos, not Mexican Texan, Hispanic, Mexican-American, Latino, Mexican or  Chicano. The original Tejano did not come to Texas, they evolved here.  Awareness and information of Tejano ethnicity, culture and history is of  vital importance to United States born Tejanos and people in general. Most  can identify or recognize a Mexican, Latino, Hispanic or Mexican-American.  It’s clear, or should be, foreign Spanish speaking people do not represent  the basic Spanish speaking United States born citizens. Most of them have  clearly manifested, their foreign agendas, which include the welfare,  special interests and assistance of their newly formed communities.  Mexican, Hispanic and Latino have introduced their own foreign culture and  established non-traditional United States communities. Not in all but in  most cases their children are raised with the country of origin cultural  ways. Today they control 99% of Spanish radio and 100% of Spanish  television. Mexican restaurants can be found in practically all parts of  the United States. Unfortunately, the misguided consensus is that Mexican,  Latino, and Hispanics are the over-all Spanish speaking United States born  citizenry. In the great state of Texas this is not the case. Our language,  customs, values and traditions are quite different. Please understand  Tejanos are a bicultural entity with Texas and United States values and  traditions. Tejanos and Tejanas must restore and promote, who we truly are  and represent. Most Tejanos strive for higher goals. My goal is the over  due acknowledgement, recognition, acceptance and inclusion of the Tejano  ethnicity, identity, culture and distinguished heritage.

God bless Texas . . . Vivan Los Tejanos

RUDY ‘TEJANO’ PEÑA, TEJANO HISTORIAN www.tejanopride.com

The Last Will and Testament of Dona Maria Ignacia Urrutia
February 7, 1812
Sent by John Inclan  fromgalveston@yahoo.com

In the name of God and His Most Holy Mother, Our Lady, who conceived by grace without original sin.

Be it well known by this my last will and written testament, that I, Maria Ignacia, a widow, am a resident of the City of San Fernando de Bexar.

Though I am seriously ill, I am in possession of sound mind, memory, and understanding. Being so endowed with reason, I realize, especially since I am thus confined to my bed, that death is the natural debt of all creatures, and that it will claim us without our knowing the hour of it’s coming.

I firmly believe in the Most Holy Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, three separate persons but only one true God, and I believe all the others creeds in which Our Holy Mother Apostolic Roman Catholic Church believes and confesses.

With our Most Holy Mother of Guadalupe as my advocate and guide as she has been all my life and I pray her to continue to be, to strengthen my faith, I make, publish and declare this my last will in the following manner.

FIRST: I commend my soul to God who created it and redeemed it with His most precious blood. It is my wish that my body be shrouded in the robe of the religious order of our Patron Saint Francis, and buried in the Campo Santo of this city. If it is God’s will, I desire to be buried in the morning, and to have nine low masses celebrated in the Parochial Church, beginning on the day of my funeral. The other burial arrangements I leave to the good judgment of my executors and I order my wishes to be respected in these matters.

SECOND: It is my will that 100 pesos be dedicated from my estate to pay for 100 masses to be celebrated in the following manner for the repose of my soul: 25 in the Mission of Espiritu Santos in the Presidio of La Bahia, 25 in the Mission known as Nuestra Seora del Refugio, 25 in San Francisco de la Espada, and 25 in the Mission San Jose. I command this to be done.

THIRD: Although I do not recall that I owe any debts, if any persons should present claims against my estate and fully prove my indebtedness to them, I desire my executors to pay these debts from the corpus of my estate. I order this to be done.

FOURTH: I declare that I was married in the first nuptials to Don Simon de Arocha, Commander of the Corps of Militia of Texas. During our marriage I bore my husband six children:
Francisco, Ana Maria, Tomás, Miguel, the priest Clemente Ignacio

I brought no dowry whatever to my said husband. This is the Truth.

FIFTH: I declare as my property the following real estate: a stone house, situated in the Plaza of this city; it is bounded on the West by the Acequia, on the North by a lot which is the property of Don Vicente Travieso, and on the South by the said Plaza. The lot consists of 40 varas frontage and 60 varas depth and the house consists of a hallway, a living room, and two bedrooms; the remainder of the 40 varas is enclosed by one solid wall. This I state to be true.

SIXTH: I declare that I possess and claim as mine the following: two iron pots, two metates, one trunk, four flannel nightgowns, two underskirts, two pairs of top skirts without padding, one cot covered with hide, two sheets, one pair of pillows, one picture of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe, one bench, one table, and one blue muffler. This is the truth.

SEVENTH: I declare that I have brought action against Alferez Juan Antonio Urrutia concerning a lot for which he has not yet paid me in full, but which is reputed to belong to him, I order my executors to collect from the said Urrutia what he lawfully owes and to carry out my orders in this particular.

EIGHTH: I declare that it is my last wish that the property known to be mine, listed in the above clauses, be distributed equally among in the above children, whom I charge to conduct themselves with complete harmony and brotherly affection. I order this to be done.

NINTH: I name and appoint as my executors, first, my son the priest, Clemente Arocha, and second, my son Francisco, and it is my desire that they as my executors carry out the provisions of this my will. I give them jointly and severally all power and authority necessary to dispose of or sell what they consider the most liquid of my assets if necessary to pay the bequests, legacies, church fees, ceremonies, and funeral and burial expenses mentioned in this will , carrying out my wishes in every detail. I pray them to acquit my conscience as I lay that burden on theirs, and whatever they may do thus, shall be as valid, binding and legal as if I myself had acted. I direct this to be done.

TENTH: I order my executors to pay the fees known as the compulsory church bequests, whatever is customary in this (city).

It is my desire that this be recognized as my last will and testament and that it be qiven the full faith and credit which it merits under the law. Because some certain clause has been omitted, it should not have less validity and force that it would have if such a clause had been incorporated in it.

In this faith and belief thus expressing my intention, I executed this instrument as shown herein, but did not sign it because I did not know how to write. At my request Vicente Gortari, a resident of this city of San Fernando de Béxar, signed for me, January 7, 1822, in the presence of the Commissioner, Captain Luis Galan, and the witnesses to his proceedings, in the form and manner in which they will sign below.

Luis Galan Vicente Gortari
Fernando Veramendi Jose Antonio Bustillos
Jose Antonio de la Garza Victor Blanco
Manuel Delgado

Inasmuch as the proceedings on the last will and testament of Maria Ignacia de Urrutia have been completed, I hereby forward the record to Lieutenant Colonel Manuel de Salcedo, Governor of this province, so that after due consideration of it he may make such disposition of it as he believes the circumstances warrant.

San Fernando de Bexar, February 7, 1812
Luis Galan
Source: Wills and Estates #114, 
Spanish Archives, Bexar County Courthouse.

EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI

GULFPORT, Miss. (AP) — A pattern is emerging as the cleanup of Mississippi's Gulf Coast morphs into its multibillion-dollar reconstruction: Come payday, untold numbers of Hispanic immigrant laborers are being stiffed.

Sometimes, the boss simply vanishes. Other workers wait on promises that soon, someone in a complex hierarchy of contractors will provide the funds to pay them.

Nonpayment of wages is a violation of federal labor law, but these workers — thousands of them, channeled into teams that corral debris, swaddle punctured roofs in blue tarps and gut rain-ravaged homes — are especially vulnerable because many are here illegally.

After Katrina hit, Armando Ojeda paid $1,200 to be smuggled across the desert border from Mexico, a walk that took several nights. Talk of $10 an hour — more in a day than he made each week at a computer factory back home — led him to pay another $1,200 to be crammed in van with a dozen other immigrants and driven 1,600 miles, from a safe house in Arizona to Mississippi.

The passengers were not fed — Ojeda recalls his mouth watering when he smelled tacos the driver ate — and were discharged near the Naval Construction Battalion Center in Gulfport, where Ojeda sleepwalked though his first day clearing hurricane-strewn junk.

The job was supposed to pay $7 an hour. But six weeks later, Ojeda still hasn't been paid the $600-plus he said he is owed for eight days of dawn-to-dusk labor.

Karen Tovar, the subcontractor on the job, acknowledged she hasn't been able to pay dozens of workers a total of about $130,000. She insisted she was not at fault, blaming the way payments can be stalled along a long chain of subcontractors often led by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

At one point, Tovar had 83 workers cleaning the Navy base under a broader, $12 million contract held by KBR, a firm owned by Vice President Dick Cheney's former company, Halliburton.

After several weeks without pay, many workers grew frustrated and left.

"I've told them, 'When I get paid, you will receive your funds.' And they say, 'When?'" she said. "I'm very sure it's going to be shortly."

An Army Corps spokesman said he wasn't aware of any problems with payments. A KBR spokeswoman wouldn't provide details about the base cleanup, referring inquiries to the Navy, which referred questions about subcontractors back to KBR.

Tovar said she knew of other subcontractors who disappeared with their payrolls, and wondered whether her former workers expect she will abscond to her home in North Carolina.

"I don't know if they're thinking that I've left and took the money or that I'm trying to hide the funds, because I wouldn't do that," said Tovar, 47. "In my type of work, you're working on trust."

Armando Ojeda is not trusting. He doesn't think he'll be paid, though he remains among the platoons of workers bivouacked along the coast. His goal: to wire his parents in the poor southern state of Chiapas enough money to offset the cost of his trip, which he has come to see as a folly he had to indulge before age or commitments bound him home.

"I am stupid for coming," he said, with a smile and shake of the head. "It was a foolish thing, nothing more."

Nonpayment of immigrant workers is not a new phenomenon — and it doesn't appear to be as much of an issue in New Orleans. With so much work to do and not enough laborers to do it, the market there appears to favor workers, said immigration lawyer David Ware.

What's remarkable in Mississippi is the apparent scope of the problem, though it is impossible to quantify.  In this beleaguered state, which doesn't have a labor department, the issue isn't even on the radar.

Nonpayment is not specified as a crime under Mississippi law and the state Department of Employment Security defers wage claims to the federal Department of Labor. Workers who claim back wages have two formal options: Filing a civil suit in state court or a federal complaint. Mississippi prosecutors haven't received any complaints, according to special assistant attorney general Peter Cleveland.

A spokeswoman for the federal Labor Department said she could not determine whether there have been any post-Katrina claims in the Gulf region. But there are some in the pipeline: On Friday, a representative of the Mississippi Immigrants Rights Alliance said the advocacy group had prepared complaints on behalf of more than 150 workers who are owed more than $100,000 by five contractors, including Tovar's KTS Services.

Out in the cleanup-zone, dozens of Hispanic immigrant workers interviewed by the AP shared a common refrain: "I worked without being paid."

In Gulfport, several dozen men living in makeshift bunks in a hangar-like building said they were owed tens of thousands of dollars.

Like other workers, Alfredo Roblero saw opportunity in the wreckage, and was recruited from Ft. Pierce, Fla., with promises of steady work for good wages, expenses paid.

"They bring you to nothing," said Roblero, 26, who figured he was due about $500 for five days spent demolishing what was left of the coastal Casino Magic Biloxi. "They owe you, and you wait for them."

Many of the workers wore the shirts of Dallas-based Restoration Group. In a subsequent telephone interview, company president James Rea said the workers were the responsibility of a subcontractor. He insisted all have been paid and blamed insurance companies for any delay.

"We're all standing in line and we take our piece of each dollar off as we hand it down," he said, "and eventually it gets down to the end of the line."

In a slovenly trailer park, men named Francisco and Oscar said they were owed thousands of dollars for weeks of work. Not long before, according to local immigrant advocates, more than a dozen workers were bunking in their trailer, each paying $10 per night for lodging to a subcontractor who they said then shorted them thousands of dollars.

Before that, the men had worked for — and had quit — Karen Tovar's crew.

Tovar said that the men didn't understand American pay schedules, specifically the practice of working two weeks before getting paid for the first.

"I've been to Mexico and, basically, these people live from week to week and when they come over here they have a misconception when the week is held back," said Tovar.

Tovar said that she has worked other hurricane cleanups, but never had trouble being paid by other subcontractors. While she is now receiving a steady flow of payments, she said it's not enough to pay off the $130,000 she owes 83 workers for helping clear the Navy base.

Elizabeth Martinez is another subcontractor who has been embroiled in wage disputes. She has been living among workers in a small tent city in Ocean Springs.

On Oct. 12, eight men who had been patching roofs asked a Texas-based immigrant worker advocate who was visiting the camp to help negotiate their pay.

As is often the case, the situation remains in dispute. Advocate Anita Grabowski said the men, who came to Mississippi from Arkansas and have since scattered, worked two weeks and were due their money.

Bosses at the Alabama-based subcontractor that hired Martinez, Hughes Construction Services LLC, said the workers didn't understand that they weren't yet scheduled to be paid. Martinez herself said she didn't hire the workers to lay roof tarps and that they were trying to extort money they hadn't earned — an increasingly common scam, she said.

Martinez said she didn't want to pay until she checked her records. But the owners of family-run Hughes decided to front Martinez more than $15,000 to pay the men — $10 an hour, $15 for overtime. 

"We just wanted it to be over with," said Jody Hughes, one of three Hughes sons working the cleanup. The men were paid and agreed to find work elsewhere. "Hughes was being intimidated," Martinez said. "To me, it's like paying off damn terrorists."

On a chill late-October evening, Martinez stood near her tent, engrossed in discussions with three more men who had driven two hours from New Orleans to complain that she hadn't paid them.

Martinez told their chief negotiator, Antonio Hernandez, that she had paid the fourth member of their roof-tarp crew, a man named Ruben who now was in Texas.

Soon summoned by cell phone, Ruben denied receiving any money. But one of Hernandez's companions acknowledged that he had seen Martinez pay Ruben something, and Martinez produced handwritten records that persuaded the men she had advanced Ruben $700 cash, which the men hadn't seen.

The men piled back into their beat-up brown van for the return ride to New Orleans with boxes of food and $150 in cash Martinez gave them "not because I owe you ... as a gift."  Just as they pulled out, Martinez flagged down four Guatemalan workers who walked into the encampment. She said a true scam artist had ripped off these unfortunates.

One by one, they explained that they had cleaned a school for 144 hours at a promised $8 an hour. Then one of their bosses dropped them on the side of the road, without food. Eventually, a church bus picked them up.  Any idea, they asked, of how to get paid?

EAST COAST

“Glos So La Lia”, 16" x 10" x 10", welded steel, acrylic paint, 2005

The Gallery Center, Elaine Baker Gallery to include the art of  Peter Reginato until December 5th: 
608 Banyan Trail, Boca Raton, Florida 33431

Sent by Peter Reginato  peter@peterreginato.com   http://www.peterreginato.com

Florida Farmworkers Face Uncertain Season 
By Mike Schneider, Associated Press Writer, Originally published November 1, 2005
Sent by Howard Shorr  howardshorr@msn.com

IMMOKALEE, Fla. // The migrant farmworkers who pick more than half of the nation's winter vegetable supply and three-quarters of the U.S. citrus crop are facing a season of uncertainty because of Hurricane Wilma. 

Many mobile homes where farmworkers lived were crushed. Farm laborers lost a week of work during one of the busiest times of the year, and the need to replant tomatoes and vegetables destroyed during the storm may create a lull that could last into February. Growers are worried laborers will go looking for jobs elsewhere. 

"It's going to be more difficult this year," said laborer Escalante Salvas, 50, of Chiapas, Mexico, who is considering looking for work in tomato fields farther north near the Tampa area. "So much fell off. So much is gone." 

For now, there is plenty of work to be found in the southern half of the state, where Wilma ravaged orange and grapefruit groves and tomato, lettuce, celery, sugar cane and radish fields. Vegetable crops need to be replanted, greenhouses have to be repaired, fields must be drained and tree limbs need to be removed. 

But the work will probably drop off in four to six weeks. Then it will be another one to three months before the harvest begins. "That's the crisis I'm worried about," said Barbara Mainster, executive director of the Redlands Christian Migrant Association in Immokalee. 

During the winter growing season, Florida has 150,000 to 300,000 farmworkers, trailing only California and Texas. Finding jobs outside of some farming communities may be difficult for some in the middle of the winter season. 

"The people here don't have transportation, cars or bicycles, so it's difficult to look for work outside of Immokalee," said Romeo Ramirez, who works for the Coalition of Immokalee Workers, an advocacy group. State government officials and some of the growers said they will try to help Wilma's victims. 

In the coming weeks, the state Department of Children &Families will offer one-time disaster food stamps. Unlike the regular food stamp program, this one will be open to illegal immigrants. 

A. Duda &Sons Inc., which grows sweet corn, radishes, celery and citrus in Florida, obtained 46 mobile homes for farmworkers to replace those that were destroyed. Gargiulo Inc., one of the nation's largest tomato producers, has suspended the rent of $15 a week it charges to close to 1,000 farmworkers in southwestern Florida. 

"It's really catastrophic for the industry," said Tim Nance, a director of Gargiulo's operations in the eastern United States. "We're worried about our people and trying to do everything to help them." 

MEXICO

Personajes de la historia / PRESENTACIÓN DE LIBRO
Sent by Mercy Bautista Olvera  scarlett_mbo@yahoo.com

Mr. Gonzalez sent me an autograph book dedicated to me for supporting our people from Mexico, and Hispanics in general, for their efforts to accomplish the American Dream. I guess my uncle has understood on how proud I am of being a Mexicana, raised in United States and  proud of my heritage, extremely proud.

The book is based on men and women who have helped Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico thru many years to be a successful state with many writers, actors, poets, journalists, etc..  My uncle Jose Leon Robles de la Torre is included in this outstanding book. I'm so proud of him!

Thank you Mimi, 
Love, Mercy Bautista-Olvera

Profr. Arturo Berrueto González, 
autor del 
Nuevo Diccionario Biográfico de Coahuila, 2005

La edición de un libro es tan compleja con tantos personajes, que hay que ordenar y formatear con sus respectivas fotografías, lo que requiere de un gran esfuerzo y la colaboración de muchas personas. 

The 165 page book  includes an index. $32 includes shipping. 
Address: 1773 Sunset Blvd., San Diego, CA

Compartirá sus recuerdos: 

Don José León Robles de la Torre
Por: 
Miriam Gonzalez Gutierrez
Sent by Mercy Bautista Olvera

(Fotografía de Érick Sotomayor)

Don José León Robles de la Torre tiene una pared dedicada a los múltiples homenajes y reconocimientos que ha recibido. 21 de noviembre de 2005

Don José León Robles de la Torre presentará su más reciente producción literaria.

EL SIGLO DE TORREÓN

TORREÓN, COAH.- Sesenta años, 38 libros escritos, 26 publicados y los que le faltan... porque don José León Robles de la Torre lleva toda una vida dedicada a la literatura y dice que aún hay mucho por hacer.

Tenía tanto por compartir que reunió sus memorias en un libro, el cual bajo el título Mis Recuerdos será presentado este jueves a las 7:30 de la noche, en el Instituto Municipal de Documentación y Archivo Histórico Eduardo Guerra.

Desde 1987, don José León es colaborador de El Siglo de Torreón con sus columnas Personajes en la Historia de México y Marco Cultural, de las cuales se han publicado mil 242. Así que también en sus recuerdos están incluidos algunos de estos relatos.

Originario de Juanchorrey, Tepetongo, en el Estado de Zacatecas, el escritor reside en Torreón desde que tenía 19 años. Recuerda que estudiaba en el Seminario de Totatiche, Jalisco y vino a pasar las vacaciones a estas tierras, que le gustaron tanto que nunca volvió a irse. Aunque, "yo soy zacatecano y también lagunero", dice orgulloso.

Y es que tanto en Zacatecas como en Coahuila ha dejado frutos su trabajo. Ha escrito diversos libros acerca de la historia de una y otra entidad y por eso, ha recibido múltiples homenajes. El año pasado los cronistas del estado de Zacatecas lo sorprendieron en una semana, durante la cual recibió diversos reconocimientos, como el Blasón Zacatecano y fue nombrado Huésped de Honor.

Entre sus publicaciones, destaca la serie Los Presidentes de México, que abarca desde la Independencia, con Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, hasta la toma de posesión de Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León. En total son seis mil 190 cuartillas, en 12 tomos de 500 páginas cada uno.

Sin embargo, don José León lamenta que esta obra esté inédita en su mayoría, ya que sólo se publicó el tomo correspondiente a los presidentes de México que ha dado Coahuila: Melchor Múzquiz, Francisco I. Madero, Eulalio Gutiérrez Ortiz, Roque González Garza y Venustiano Carranza.

Y como no quiere que esta colección se pierda y "ante la imposibilidad de poderse editar, la doné a la Universidad Autónoma de La Laguna (UAL)". Porque esta investigación le costó 42 años de trabajo y representa un legado histórico incalculable valor.

La prueba está en los datos que revela de cada hombre que se ha sentado en la silla presidencial, como el segundo apellido de Nicolás Bravo. Lo descubrió tras investigar en decenas de registros civiles y panteones alrededor del país, y lo encontró en una acta donde la madre de éste pedía el indulto de su esposo Leonardo Bravo. La firmaba como Gertrudis Rueda de Bravo.

O también el significado de la famosa "I" de Madero, que muchos aseguraban significaba Indalecio. Pero, en realidad se llamaba Francisco Ygnacio Madero. Don José León lo descubrió tras conseguir una copia del acta de nacimiento del célebre parrense.

Y como éstos, hay muchos más apuntes y memorias que reúne en Mis Recuerdos, un libro donde también habla de su pasión por la poesía, la numismática, la genealogía y, por supuesto, la historia.

Pero, don José León Robles de la Torre sigue escribiendo. Tiene pendientes de publicar, además de la colección de Los Presidentes de México, un libro sobre la historia de Peñoles y actualmente trabaja la investigación sobre el Museo Universitario de Historia Natural de la UAL. También forma parte del grupo de historiadores del Patronato del Centenario de Torreón.

"Mientras Dios me dé salud y vida, aprovecharé al máximo para dejar una huella de mi paso por esta Tierra", concluye el escritor.

Su paso por el periodismo

Además de escribir poesía, historia, numismática y genealogía, don José León Robles de la Torre ha dedicado gran parte de su vida al periodismo.

Sus inicios en este medio se dieron hacia 1944, siendo co autor de la revista Lux, en el Seminario de Totatiche, Jalisco.

Además, en 1965, 1958 y 1987 colaboró con la revista Nuevo Cauce. De 1982 a 1996 se desempeñó en el consejo consultivo del Instituto Municipal de Cultura, en el área de artículos periodísticos.

De 1989 a 1992 fue consejero editorial y articulista, al lado de Sonia Salum y Felipe Garrido, de una editorial.

Y desde 1987 es colaborador de El Siglo de Torreón, con sus columnas Personajes de la Historia de México y Marco Cultural, de los que se han publicado mil 242 artículos.

Don José León Robles de la Torre nació el 11 de abril de 1925 en Juanchorrey, Tepetongo, Zacatecas, hijo de don Francisco Robles Correa y doña Francisca de la Torre Sánchez.

-Cursó sus estudios primarios en Juanchorrey, y de preparatoria en Jerez.

-Estuvo en el Seminario de Zacatecas y luego en el de Totatiche, Jalisco, en donde llevó latín, griego, español, literatura, entre otras materias.

-Su primer artículo se publicó el 12 de marzo de 1944 en la Revista Lux, editada por los seminaristas. Ese mismo año obtuvo su primer premio de poesía.

-Llegó a Torreón cuando tenía 19 años, luego de que vino a pasar unas vacaciones y decidió quedarse para nunca irse, aunque lleva a su tierra natal en el alma. Por eso dice que es zacatecano y lagunero también.

-En el año de 1946 empezó a trabajar en la oficina federal de Hacienda de Torreón y dos años más tarde, levantó el acta de la fundación de la Aduana de Torreón.

-De 1944 a 2005 lleva 32 libros escritos, de los cuales se han publicado 26, el resto está inédito.

FUENTE: Investigación de El Siglo de Torreón

Homenajes y reconocimientos

Don José León Robles de la Torre ha recibido 30 reconocimientos en 60 años que lleva dedicados a las letras. Entre los más importantes, destacan:

-El seis de junio de 1987 se develó su busto de bronce en la Calzada de los Escritores de la Alameda Zaragoza de Torreón.

-También en 1987 se develó una placa en la Casa de la Cultura de Torreón, con los 19 nombres de los fundadores del Ateneo Lagunero, en los cuales estaba incluido el suyo.

-En 1988 se le otorgó el Capullo de Oro y el pergamino de Ciudadano Distinguido de Torreón, por las autoridades municipales.

-En 1992 se puso el nombre de José León Robles de la Torre a la Biblioteca Pública de Buenavista, Tepetongo, Zacatecas. Y en Tepetongo se puso su nombre a una calle de la colonia Solidaridad.

-En 1994 la Presidencia Municipal de Torreón le rindió un homenaje en la Sala de Cabildo por sus 50 años como escritor.

-El 29 de junio de 2001 la Universidad Autónoma de La Laguna (UAL) le otorgó el reconocimiento al Mérito Académico.

-El dos de diciembre de 2003 la misma UAL le otorgó el reconocimiento al Arte y la Cultura Lagunera.

-En junio de 2004 se le otorgó el nombramiento de Huésped de Honor de la Muy Noble y Leal Ciudad de Zacatecas; además el gobernador del Estado, Ricardo Monreal, le otorgó un reconocimiento por sus 60 años como escritor; también en Fresnillo le entregaron el reconocimiento del Centro de Investigaciones Históricas de Fresnillo; y en Tepetongo, los cronistas del Estado le entregaron el Blasón Zacatecano, que es una placa de plata con los conquistadores que fundaron Zacatecas. Esta serie de homenajes se realizaron tan sólo en el transcurso de una semana.

FUENTE: Investigación de El Siglo de Torreón

SATISFACCIÓN

"Haber contribuido a la cultura de mis dos estados queridos, Zacatecas y Coahuila, y haber contribuido a la cultura de mi patria, así como los reconocimientos que me han dado, son la principal satisfacción en 60 años como escritor".

DON JOSÉ LEÓN ROBLES DE LA TORRE,

AUTOR DE MIS RECUERDOS

Lic. Profr. don José Guadalupe Cervantes Corona, 
Gobernador Constitucional del Estado de Zacatecas, 
1980-1986

Written by 
Don José León Robles de la Torre

Terminada esa campaña, fue electo diputado federal en 1971 por uno de los distritos de su natal Zacatecas. Cuando terminó su gestión, participó en las elecciones de 1974, resultando electo Senador de la República para el periodo 1974 a 1980.

Continuando con su carrera política ascendente, participó en 1980 en las elecciones para elegir gobernador de Zacatecas, resultando triunfador para el sexenio de 1980 a 1986. Rindió la protesta respectiva en la toma de posesión, y según lo narra la revista Impacto No. 1569 de fecha 26 de marzo de 1980 (que obra en el tomo XIII de mi hemeroteca personal), dijo:

“...El Lic. José Guadalupe Cervantes Corona, dijo... No hay fórmulas mágicas, no hay palabras salvadoras solamente el sacrificio de todos en bien de la humanidad. Trabajo y más trabajo, ésa es la ley, peor trabajo para todos. Trabajo aplicado a nuestra realidad geográfica y climatológica”.

Tomó posesión del cargo el 16 de septiembre de 1980, y la revista Impacto del 24 del mismo mes y año, reprodujo lo siguiente:

“La miseria y el dolor de sus conciudadanos hicieron llorar al gobernador de Zacatecas. Lo que acaba de suceder en el Estado de Zacatecas, está exigiendo una cabal y exhaustiva interpretación, pues lo realizado por el recién designado gobernador, en su toma de posesión y ante el presidente López Portillo, ha venido a destruir en todos sus aspectos y ángulos, la figura prepotente al gobernador millonario, soberano y triunfador. El nuevo gobernador de Zacatecas, rompiendo con los tradicionales tabúes relacionados con las rimbombantes ceremonias de cambio de gobernador, se puso a llorar en público, presa de incontable emoción y precisamente después de decir: ‘traigo los zapatos llenos de miseria, penetrados por la horrible miseria que acabo de ver y la cual al enfrentarla como realidad, es insoportable, se me vino encima, inesperadamente toda la miseria del mundo’”.

“Y el nuevo gobernador, Cervantes Corona, lloró y lloró, pero en tal abundante forma... que le fue imposible concluir su discurso de toma de posesión, porque las lágrimas se lo impidieron”. Excélsior de Méx. de 9=13=80, Pág. 20.

“...Es verdad que Zacatecas es un Estado pobre al que le faltan muchas cosas, agua, caminos, escuelas, centros de trabajo, de salud, etc., etc.

Cervantes Corona cumplió fielmente con sus promesas. Impulsó la agricultura, -dice la revista Proceso de 26 de enero de 1981- el gobernador Cervantes Corona, se propone poner bajo riego cuatro mil hectáreas más, con la construcción de cuatro presas y 300 pozos en el campo zacatecano, predominantemente temporalero”.

“...Aquí en Zacatecas, tierra firme de México, hay una esperanza y un entusiasmo, nuevos, de los que dan testimonio las escuelas, las presas, los caminos, las tierras, las minas que se abren de nuevo al trabajo del hombre...” (Impacto de 23 de septiembre de 1981).

The sad part is that I purchased two books one for me and the other for my brother Henry, it took a while for this book to be published, it took two years, I ordered these books two years ago, was going to be Henry's Birthday Present! we were both anxious to receive them. Now my Henry is gone...

Ortega en la Ciudad de México
Ortega   Luz Montejano  E-Mail o Correo

La línea Ortega de la Ciudad de México, agrupa a médicos, abogados y hasta un genealogista, que por cierto éste ultimo, a muchos genealogistas en la actualidad nos ha causado dolores de cabeza, ya que introdujo a su genealogía Ortega un título nobiliario que todo indica que no le correspondía que fue el del "Condado del Valle de Oploca". 
         Una de las líneas a tratar aquí, y que hasta ahora no se ha podido encontrar en la Ciudad de México, sería la del matrimonio de don José Ortega con doña María Gertrudis Martínez Navarro, padres del abogado don Francisco Ortega Martínez, quien quedando huérfano muy pequeño lo recoge su padrino el Dr. don José Nicolás Maniau Ortega y Torquemada, seguramente tío de nuestro huérfano por ser este doctor nieto de doña Alfonsa Martínez Navarro.
         El mencionado Francisco Ortega Martínez casó en la Ciudad de México en 1819 con doña María Josefa del Villar y Arce, (por la madre de ella viene el error del título nobiliario, por intentar hacerla homónima de la verdadera Condesa), siendo los anteriores, padres de entre otros hijos, del Médico y Compositor don Aniceto Ortega del Villar y de su hermano también médico don Francisco Ortega del Villar, otro hermano de estos fue el padre del abogado don Rafael Ortega y Pérez Gallardo y del abogado y genealogista don Ricardo Ortega y Pérez Gallardo, autor de la Historia Genealógica de las Familias más Antiguas de México de 1908.
         El matrimonio de don José Ortega con doña María Gertrudis Martínez Navarro seguramente aparecerá algún día, llegado el momento, sabremos si tienen nuestros personajes orígenes veracruzanos o no. Lo dejo de tarea para quienes desciendan de algunos de estos personajes. 

Luz Montejano Hilton. 
Nota: La presente línea se dio en el forum de ancestros.com.mx el 24 de junio del 2001.

http://www.prodigyweb.net.mx/luzmontejano/ortega.htm

Revolutionary Heroes Remembered in the Names of  Three States
by Bernardo Bello  Bernard_Bello@juno.com

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Jose Maria Morelos 

Vicente Guerrero

This heroic Parish Priest, who is widely regarded as the Father of Mexican Independance and a symbol of patriotism, Miguel Hidalgo De Costilla was responsible for leading the first large revolutionary forces against the Spaniards. Tragically, however, shortly thereafter, he was captured and executed by a firing squad.

Father Hidalgo's martyrdom, however, galvanized the Mexican people to struggle and fight for independance. After Father Hidalgo's demise, Jose Maria Morelos, a small village priest, and a farseeing political and military genius, rallied the revolutionary forces until his capture and execution on December 22, 1815.

Historians sum up his service to the cause of Mexican independance by stating that "with him ended the heroic days of the Mexican Revolution."

As he read of the guerilla leader's brilliant campaigns, the French Emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte said," with three such men as Jose Morelos, I could conquer the world."

Vicente Guerrero, a rebel leader and the inheritor of the Hidalgo/Morelos tradition, continued the revolutionary struggle against the Spaniards until 1824, when the Spanish were overthrown and Guadalupe Victoria became the first elected president of the Republic of Mexico.

To commemorate these revolutionary heroes, Mexico named three states after them. Hidalgo, is a state just North of Mexico City, whereas Guerrero and Morelos are two adjacent states in Mexico's West coast. In addition, many hospitals, schools and colleges, state and federal parks, universities and government buildings have been named to honor these three Mexican Revolutionary Heroes - Hidalgo, Morelos, and Guerrero.

Por Lic. Carlos Martín Herrera de la Garza
Cherrera1951@hotmail.com

Nació fray Juan Bautista de Mollinedo en Portugalete, cerca de Bilbao, España; vino a Nueva España como tantos otros emigrantes y toma el hábito franciscano en el convento de Acámbaro, Michoacán donde estudia la lengua Otomí.

Era la ciudad de Querétaro año de 1600 cuando fray Juan Bautista de Mollinedo y el capitán Pedro García Lumbreras se propusieron explorar, descubrir, colonizar y evangelizar "toda la tierra" desde Cerro Gordo Puxinguia, por Concá, Río Verde y Jaumave, y de ahí al norte hasta La Florida, en el tiempo que Felipe III, Rey de España daba un receso a su dinámica colonizadora del septentrión meridional de la Nueva España.

En 1607 Mollinedo y fray Juan de Cárdenas, un oriundo de Querétaro y excelente hablante del idioma Otomí, entraron a pie a la Sierra Catarina; luego Pinihuán, en Lagunillas y también Valle del Maíz donde edificaron convento e iglesia de bajareque (voz indígena de la zona del Mar Caribe para una choza cónica de pared hecha con varales de zarzo embarrados e hincados en el suelo), y congregaron indios para darles misa. Mollinedo también estuvo por unos días en Tula, tomó rumbo a Jaumave, cruzó la Sierra Madre y siguió adelante hasta el Nuevo Reino de León.

Desde el año de 1500 los galeones españoles habían navegado los litorales y se tenían informes de la costa entre Yucatán y La Florida, particularmente del tramo desde el Río Tuxpan hasta el Río Soto la Marina, "unas tierras situadas a una y otra banda del Río Pánuco", donde Hernán Cortés, Francisco de Garay y Nuño de Guzmán se disputaban las posesiones para adjudicarse el establecimiento de "la Gobernación del Pánuco"; así

ya para el año de 1550 estaban fundadas Pánuco, Valles, y Tampico; pero en el septentrión se ubicaba la difícil tierra india de los Tamaolipas que no pudo ser conquistada sino hasta tiempo después que lo fueron las provincias y jurisdicciones de la Nueva Galicia, la Nueva Vizcaya, y el Nuevo Reino de León.

Los escuetos datos geográficos que el virreinato de la Nueva España tenía de la región entre los ríos Verde y Soto la Marina en las costas del Seno del Golfo de México, sirvieron para que Juan Bautista de Mollinedo imaginara el territorio para evangelizar entre el Río Pánuco y el Río Nueces. Argumentaba Mollinedo ante la Real Audiencia que, "Jaumave es a 40 leguas mas adelante del Río Berde la tierra adentro"; y que "de Jaumave a las salinas, adelante de Tamaolipa, hay un camino donde a 20 leguas se puede fundar una ciudad cercana a la región del Río de las Palmas en Soto la Marina".

A pesar de sus argumentos Mollinedo no fue requerido por la corona española para llevar al cabo esta empresa, descuido que aprovechó la Francia para sentar sus reales en la región del Misisipí. Después de todo y a pesar de la indiferencia y el escaso apoyo que la corona española tuvo para la propuesta de colonización que tenía Juan Bautista de Mollinedo, sin duda alguna el primer asentamiento de los pueblos de Tula, Palmillas y Jaumave se deben al peregrinar de este singular misionero por las tierras tamaulipecas a principios de 1600; aunque la verdad es que este proyecto ya desde finales de 1556 fray Andrés de Olmos lo tenía convocado, después de la sangrienta y atroz conquista de la región lograda por las huestes de Francisco de Garay, de Gonzalo de Sandoval y de Nuño de Guzmán.

No fue sino hasta marzo de 1612 en que la corona española autorizó que el Virrey Diego Fernández de Córdova, Marqués de Guadalcazar, proveyese lo conveniente al proyecto de Mollinedo, y el 6 de junio de 1617 el marqués de Guadalcazar dispuso que se fundara en Río Verde un convento y la iglesia, adjudicando al capitán Juan de Porras y Ulloa, alcalde mayor de las Minas de Xichú, la ejecución de tal misión; Así también el 1 de julio de 1617 se fundó la parroquia se Santa Catarina Virgen y Mártir; el 6 fundó Lagunillas; el 8 Pinihuan; el 10 en Gamotes; el 15 Valle del Maíz; el 23 en Jaumave, y el 29 del julio de 1617 Monte Alberne. El 7 de agosto de 1617 se estableció Santa Clara y el día 8 San Cristóbal de Río Blanco; el 4 de septiembre de 1617 fundó Santa María de Teotlan; el 12 en San Pedro Mártir de Alpujarras, y finalmente el día 22 se septiembre de 1617 San Juan Tetla de Cerro Gordo.

Juan Bautista de Mollinedo murió enfermo en el convento franciscano de Madrid, España en 1627; sus inmediatos sucesores en la Nueva España siguieron sus pasos y recorrieron los linderos de Guadalcazar, frontera suroeste del estado de Tamaulipas con el estado de San Luís Potosí; fundaron la Misión de Santa Anna de Naola e hicieron visitas a Tanguanchín, a Palmillas, a Puerto de Francia, al Valle de Lágrimas, La Tinaja, Tanguanchín, Puerto de las Tortugas y las lagunas de Tula en el actual estado de Tamaulipas.

A Quizzical Marriage in Jerez 
by Gabe Gutierrez GGutier843@aol.com

Mimi, below is an article that I wanted to share with your audience. In my research I find many things that don't match up. Some you can explan away and others just make no sense. Than there are those cases where the data you have is all there is. 
 
I've been working my Indian side of the family who came from Aguascalientes and its surprising how clannish they were. To this day they still maintain those ties, even here in the States. You see the same last names poping up in the family trees. It's amazing how these people who couldn't even speak Spanish much less English migrated here and have produced doctors, engineers, etc. 
Thanks, Gabe
 
Bonifacio de la Torre and Maria Manuela de Medina were married in Jerez, Zacatecas on 27 April 1766 (1). This is a quizzical marriage in that the marriage entry shows Bonifacio’s parents as Juan de la Torre and Anna Maria Gutiérrez. Anna Maria Gutiérrez died between 1729 and 1735. Juan de la Torre second marriage entry to Cecilia de la Torre on 12 Feb 1737 shows his first wife having died on 1735 (2). It is believed that Bonifacio’s mother was Cecilia de la Torre. If true, why the discrepency? 

Juan de la Torre y Gamboa and Anna Maria Gutiérrez de Celis were married on 12 Jun 1702 (3) and had, had a son also named Bonifacio but who died on 2 Jun 1729 unmarried (4). There are no records that show this couple having a second child named Bonifacio or did they?  Two other known children were Rita and Paula de la Torre. Doña Rita fue casada con don Juan Davila hijo de don Francisco Davila Caldera y doña Sebastiana de Olague. Paula fue casada con Joseph Marcelino Sanchez hijo de don Joseph Sanchez y Maria Flores de Cd. de Zacatecas. 

Cecilia de la Torre from Cd. de Zacatecas had previously been married to Juan Diego Ramírez and who had died on 18 Feb 1729 (5) which allowed her to marry Juan de la Torre. From this marriage it is believe Bonifacio was conceived. 

Note: on the death entry of Juan Diego Ramírez his wife’s last name is erased (6). Why?  

A lady by the name of Cecilia de la Torre appears as madrina de matrimonio with Diego de Acevedo of Damasio Tadeo de Medrano y Juana Antonia Cuesta el 4 mayo 1730 (7). Damasio was the grandnephew of Juan de la Torre. This tells me that Cecilia was much younger than Juan de la Torre and capable of bearing his child.  

Diego de Acevedo era don Diego de Acevedo y Alarcón hermano de doña Manuela Margarita de Acevedo y Alarcón casada con don Prudencio Mateo Gutiérrez de Celis. Prudencio y Anna Maria eran hermanos. This shows again that Juan and Celicia must have known each other previously . 

Anna Maria Gutiérrez parents were Capt. Diego Gutiérrez de Celis y doña Manuela del Rió de Losa. Juan de la Torre parents were don Roque de la Torre and doña Juana Gamboa. 

 Maria Manuela de Medina descends from Capt. don Nicolas Medina Covarrubias y doña Isabel Felis de Arellano dueños y poseedor del mayorazgo de Medina Cobarrubias y de la hacienda de Campo de San Pedro del Rió de Medina en la jurisdicción de Fresnillo (8).  La primera esposa de don Nicolas fue doña Isabel de Anda y Gallardo hermana de don Antonio Xavier Prieto Gallardo casado con doña Josepha Gutierrez de Celis, a su ves hermana de doña Anna Maria.
 
What happen to Bonifacio de la Torre and doña Maria Manuela de Medina? Thats another interesting commentary.

Sources: LDS Library – church records, Jerez, Zacatecas México
note 1. Padrinos de Matrimonio (PM) fueron Pedro de la Torre y Rosalia Reveles, Film #0440060
note 2. PM del segundo matrimonio fueron don Gregorio del Rió y doña Cecilia García del la Cadena, viudo por muerte de Anna Maria de Celis dos anos film #440059  
note 3.  PM fueron Andrés García y Lázaro(a)? García Film #
note 4.  Sus padres españoles film #0440986 
note 5.  same as note 2   
note 6.   film #0440986
note 7.   film #0440059   
note 8.   Internet; Fresnillo y Medina Covarrubias

A, LORENZO1 SUAREZ-DE-FIGUEROA) She married TOMAS GUERRA-Y-PEREZ. 
Child of ISABEL LASSO-DE-LA-VEGA and TOMAS GUERRA-Y-PEREZ is:
i. MANUEL5 DE-LA-VEGA-MENDOZA.

Por Leonardo de la Torre y Berumen

ACOSTA GOMEZ Porfirio, casado y velado el 3 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Anacleta Saldivar Enriquez. Foja: 12.

AGUIRRE DE LA ROSA Atilano, casado y velado el 8 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Clemencia Quiroz Cabral. Foja: 8v.

AGUIRRE DE LA ROSA Cruz, casado y velado el 27 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Pascuala Villanueva Flores. Foja: 22.

ALDERETE RUIZ José, casado y velado el 9 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Magdalena (Morales) Vargas. Foja: 23.

ALONZO VARGAS Pedro, casado y velado el 28 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Gregoria Collazo Hernández. Foja: 15v.

ALVARADO RODRÍGUEZ Nicolás, casado y velado el 10 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Tomasa Medina Martínez. Foja: 13v.

ALVAREZ CAMPOS Sabás, casado y velado el 26 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Catarina Arredondo Bermúdez. Foja: 26.

APARICIO GARAY Hilario DE, soltero, de 21 años de edad, originario y vecino del rancho de El Tambor, hijo legítimo de José de la Luz Aparicio y de Ma. Isabel Garay, que viven. Casado y velado el 20 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Jacinta López Banegas, doncella, de 18 años de edad, originaria y vecina del rancho de Lo de Salas, e hija legítima de Angel López, que vive y de Crecensia Banegas, ya difunta. Padrinos: Lino de Aparicio y Anacleta de Aparicio. Testigos: Lucas Garay y José Ma. Pérez. Foja: 25. Presentó Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro No. 2. Foja: 176. No. 176.

AVILA BAÑUELOS Sostenes, casado y velado el 13 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Refugio Celaya. Foja: 14v.

AVILA MINCHACA Silvestre DE, casado y velado el 1 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Micaela Pichardo Campos. Foja: 5v.

AVILA REZA Gregorio DE, soltero, de 25 años de edad, originario y vecino de la hacienda de Santa Fe, hijo natural de Félix de Avila y de Lorenza Reza, que viven. Casado y velado el 30 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Manuela Escobedo Mejía, doncella, de 16 años de edad, originaria de Buenavista y vecina de Santa Fe hace 8 años, e hija legítima de Simón Escobedo, ya difunto y de Tomasa Mejía, que vive. Padrinos: Jesús Chávez y Aniceta Carlos. Testigos: Bartolo de Reza y Benigno Salazar. Foja: 28. Presentó Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro No. 2. Foja: 186. No. 112.

BARRAGÁN RAMÍREZ Jesús, casado y velado el 10 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Mariana Espinoza Miranda. Foja: 20v.

BAUTISTA ESQUIVEL Gabino, casado y velado el 3 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Silvestra Pinedo Pérez. Foja: 19v.

BAUTISTA GONZALEZ Francisco, casado y velado el 28 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Marcelina Bocanegra Castañeda. Foja: 27.

BERUMEN GONZALEZ don Zenobio, soltero, de 24 años de edad, originario y vecino de El Marecito, feligresía de Tepetongo, e hijo legítimo de don Pioquinto Berumen y de doña Felipa González, que viven. Casado y velado el 12 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con doña Refugio Cabral Acuña, doncella, de 22 años de edad, originaria y vecina de la ciudad de Jerez, e hija legítima de don Juan José Cabral, difunto y de doña Sixta Acuña, que vive. Padrinos: don Juan Yánez y doña Josefa Berumen. Testigos: don Francisco Rodríguez y Alejandro Orozco. Foja: 9. Presentó Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro 2. Foja: 82 y 83. No. 41.

BORREGO MELÉNDEZ Prisciliano, casado y velado el 8 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Antonia Gómez de Cazas. Foja: 14v.

CALDERA CALDERA Magdaleno, casado y velado el 31 de mayo de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Anastasia Reveles. Foja: 5.

CAMACHO RIOS Claro, casado el 28 de diciembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Leonides Hernández Delgado. Foja: 31.

CAMPOS CARRILLO Teodoro, casado y velado el 2 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ramona Díaz Cardona. Foja: 12.

CAMPOS SALDIVAR Santos, casado y velado el 27 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Eugenia de Luna Martínez. Foja: 26v.

CARDONA GONZALEZ Francisco, de 24 años de edad, originario y vecino de Cienega, viudo en primeras nupcias de Pantaleona Dimas, sepultada en el Camposanto de esta ciudad hace 5 años. Hijo legítimo de Dionisio Cardona y de Simona González, que viven. Casado y velado el 29 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ambrosia Correa, soltera, de 26 años de edad, originaria y vecina del rancho del Señor de Roma, e hija leg+ítima de Máximo Correa y de Petra Miranda, ya difuntos. Padrinos: Sixto González y Margarita Dena. Testigos: Irineo Sánchez y Vicente Hernández Foja: 11 vuelta. Presentó Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro 2. Foja: 96 frente y vuelta. No. 47.

CARDONA SÁNCHEZ Lázaro, casado y velado el 21 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Lucia Pérez Gurrola. Foja: 21v.

CARLOS SALCEDO Francisco, casado y velado el 10 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Josefa Carrrillo Bautista. Foja: 13.

CARRILLO ALCALA Nicolás, casado y velado el 14 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Juana Ortiz Ureño. Foja: 15.

CARRILLO CARRILLO Jorge, casado y velado el 6 de diciembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Manuela Sotelo Ybañez. Foja: 29.

CARRILLO DÁVILA RAMÍREZ Casimiro, soltero, de 22 años, originario y vecino del rancho de Jomulco, hijo legítimo de Narciso Carrillo Dávila y de Dionisia Ramírez, que viven.Casado por el Presbítero Alfonso Ma. Olaez el 4 de diciembre de 1861 y velado por el Padre Compeán el 28 de febrero de 1862 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Josefa Rodarte Ortiz, doncella, de 18 años de edad, originaria y vecina de Jomulco, e hija legítima de Felipe Rodarte y de Isabel Ortiz, que viven. Padrinos: Juan N. Ramírez y Saturnina Chávez. Testigos: Francisco Acevedo y Simón Carrillo. Foja: 28v. Presentó Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro No. 2. Foja: 191. No. 115.

CARRILLO DÍAZ Juan, casado y velado el 7 de septiembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Rosa Sarmiento Campos. Foja: 18.

CARRILLO ORTIZ Simón, casado y velado el 4 de diciembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Dolores Acuña Navarro. Foja: 29.

CARRILLO RODARTE Atanasio casado y velado el 28 de mayo de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Juana Rodarte de los Reyes. Foja: 4 vuelta.

CARRILLO RODARTE Francisco, casado y velado el 14 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Paula Castañón Félix. Foja: 10.

CAZAS MIRANDA Francisco DE, casado y velado el 14 de septiembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Atanasia Bañuelos Miranda. Foja: 18v.

CEVALLOS CASTAÑEDA Susano, casado el 19 de diciembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Teresa González García. Foja: 30v.

CORTES ADAME José, casado y velado el 3 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. de Jesús de Avila Vanegas. Foja: 12v.

CORTES ADAME Refugio, casado y velado el 6 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Damacia Carlos Flores. Foja: 13.

CUEVA LOPEZ Hipólito DE LA, casado y velado el 28 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Incolaza Ramírez Díaz. Foja: 27v.

DIMAS RAMÍREZ Eleno, casado y velado el 27 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con María Pérez Villegas. Foja: 21v.

DORADO OLAGUE Cecilio, casado y velado el 24 de mayo de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Asención Rosales Pérez. Foja: 4.

ENRIQUE FLORES Octaviano, casado y velado el 13 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Simona Rodríguez González. Foja: 23v.

ESPINOZA LANDEROS Pablo, casado el 7 de diciembre de 1861 y velado por el Padre Compeán el 23 de marzo de 1862 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Maximiana Escobedo Flores. Foja: 29v.

FERNÁNDEZ PEREZ Lucio, casado y velado el 29 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Diega Félix Díaz. Foja: 11.

FLORES ALATORRE don Luis, soltero, de 24 años de edad, originario de Huejucar y vecino de Fresnillo hace 16 años, e hijo legítimo de don Ramón Flores Alatorre, ya difunto y de doña Gertrudis Escobedo y Cornejo, que vive. Casado y velado el 29 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con doña Luisa Espinoza, doncella, de 15 años de edad, originaria y vecina de la ciudad de Jerez, e hija legítima de don Bernardo Espinoza y de doña Gertrudis Adame, que viven. Padrinos: Foja: 11 vuelta.

FLORES ESQUIVEL Francisco, casado y velado el 1 de agosto de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Salomé Carlos Vázquez. Foja: 16v.

FLORES RAMOS Santiago, casado y velado el 9 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Hermenegilda Jacobo Biviana. Foja: 20.

FRAUSTO GARCIA Cosme, casado y velado el 27 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. de Jesús Salazar Delgado. Foja: 22.

GAMBOA GARCIA Rafael, soltero, de 23 años, originario y vecino del rancho de San Antonio, e hijo legítimo de Juan Gamboa y de Lina García. Casado y velado el 5 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Apolonia Escobedo Barajas, doncella, de 20 años de edad, originaria de Jomulquillo y vecina de Jerez, e hija legítima de Cosme Escobedo, difunto y de Toribia Barajas, que vive. Padrinos: Cerbulo Tovar y Petra Gamboa. Testigos: Julian Trujillo y Epitacio Lira. Foja: 7 vuelta. Presentó Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro 2. Foja: 43. No 12.

GARAY DE AVILA Miguel, casado y velado el 20 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. de los Angeles Banegas López. Foja: 25v.

GARCIA CABRERA Isabel, casado y velado el 14 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. de Jesús Ortiz. Foja: 24v.

GARCIA DE LA CADENA DE LA CUEVA Fermín, soltero, de 28 años de edad, originario y vecino de La Gavia, hijo legítimo de Miguel García de la Cadena, ya difunto y de Ma. Mercedes de la Cueva, que vive. Casado y velado el 9 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Trinidad Félix García de la Cadena, doncella, de 22 años de edad, originaria y vecina del rancho de Los Félix, e hija legítima de Antonio Félix y de Fernanda García de la Cadena. Dispensados con 3 grado igual y 3 grado con 4 grado. Foja: 20.

GONZALEZ CORREA Teodosio, de 30 años de edad, originario y vecino de Jerez, viudo en primeras nupcias de Jerónima Carrillo, sepultada en el camposanto de esta parroquia hace 7 años. Hijo legítimo de Pantaleón González y de Lina Correa, difuntos. Casado y velado el 7 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Josefa Cabral, doncella, de 25 años de edad, originaria de Jerez y vecina que fue de Casa Blanca hace 6 años, e hija legítima de José maría Cabral y de Juana Fernández, que viven. Padrinos: no se anotaron porque no vinieron como se les ordena, a todos que vengan a asentar sus partidas. Testigos: Alejandro Orozco y Antonio Durón. Foja: 8. Presentó Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro 2. Foja 34 frente y vuelta. No. 10.

GONZALEZ HERNÁNDEZ Justo, casado y velado el 14 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Eligia Flores Pérez. Foja: 10.

GONZALEZ PEREZ Prudenciano, casado y velado el 5 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Crisanta Galvez. Foja: 7.

GONZALEZ ROSALES José, casado y velado el 21 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Luisa Carrillo Pinedo. Foja: 25v.

GRANADO VAZQUEZ Octaviano, casado y velado el 20 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Canuta Marcial Melquiades. Foja: 10v.

GUERRERO BAÑUELOS Margarito casado y velado el 29 de mayo de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Juana Ramírez Vargas. Foja: 5.

GURROLA ARELLANO Serapio, casado y velado el 14 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Sostenes Ureño Alvarez. Foja: 24.

GUTIERREZ GARCIA Ciriaco, casado y velado el 25 de septiembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Refugio Fernández Ortiz. Foja: 19.

HERNÁNDEZ SÁNCHEZ Francisco, casado y velado el 31 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Eufracia Robles Valerio. Foja: 16.

HORTA BAUTISTA José DE, casado y velado el 25 de agosto de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Anastacia Colmenero del Río. Foja: 17v.

HURTADO CABRAL José María, casado y velado el 31 de mayo de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Petra Bañuelos Bautista. Foja: 5.

HURTADO DE LA TORRE don Juan Antonio, soltero, de 20 años de edad, originario de La Lechuguilla, feligresía de Tepetongo y vecino de Jerez, e hijo legítimo de don José Ma. Hurtado y de doña Teodora de la Torre. Casado y velado el 28 de septiembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con doña Ricarda García de la Cadena, doncella, de 18 años de edad, originaria y vecina de Jerez, e hija legítima de don Cecilio García de la Cadena y de doña Ma. Antonia Espinoza de los Monteros. Padrinos: don Cayetano Román y doña Magdalena Hurtado. Testigos: don Francisco Félix y Patricio Pérez. Foja: 19. Presentó Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro No. 1. Foja: 138. No. 78.

JUAREZ MARCIAL Lázaro, casado y velado el 20 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Luiza Jaimes Saucedo. Foja: 25.

JUÁREZ ROSALES Juan, casado y velado el 7 de diciembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Feliciana Marin Reveles. Foja: 29v.

LAMAS CALDERA Feliciano, casado el 21 de diciembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Petra Hurtado Morillo. Foja: 30v.

LANDEROS MIRAMONTES Pedro, casado y velado el 21 de agosto de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Vicenta Salas González. Foja: 17.

LOZANO FERNÁNDEZ Pedro, casado y velado el 1 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Josefa Castañón García. Foja: 6.

LUERA DE ARROYO Juan, casado y velado el 31 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Félix Cevallos Alvarez. Foja: 23.

LUEVANOS Ruíz Eligio, casado y velado el 2 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Juana de Santiago Castañeda. Foja: 6.

LUNA BARRIOS Felipe DE, casado y velado el 22 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Andrea Bermúdez Martínez. Foja: 26.

MARTINEZ GARCIA Teodoro, casado y velado el 13 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Adelaida Gallegos Serrato. Foja: 14.

MINCHACA MALDONADO Juan, soltero, de 17 años de edad, originario y vecino del rancho de La Hermita de los Correa, e hijo legítimo de Leandro Minchaca, difunto y de Cerbula Maldonado, que vive. Casado y velado el 30 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Isabel Sotelo Hernández, célibe, de 15 años de edad, originaria y vecina de La Hermita de los Correa, e hija legítima de Guillermo Sotelo y de Josefa Hernández, que viven. Padrinos: Dimas Minchaca y Andrea Minchaca. Testigos: Margarito García y Marto Realsola. Foja: 22v. Presentó Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro No. 2. Foja: 157. No. 92.

MIRAMONTES CARRILLO Antonio, casado y velado el 3 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Romana Sánchez Villlegas. Foja: 6v.

MIRAMONTES GARCIA Lorenzo, casado y velado el 14 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Gabina Trujillo Ultreras. Foja: 24.

MIRANDA ARZOLA Rafael, casado y velado el 19 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Gumercinda Martinez Ramos. Foja: 10v.

MIRANDA CALDERA Leocadio, casado y velado el 18 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Refugio Estrada Sotelo. Foja: 24v.

MIRANDA SALAZAR Onofre, casado y velado el 12 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Asención Correa Tejada. Foja: 9v.

OROZCO DE CAZAS Lino, soltero, de 41 años de edad, originario y vecino de Jerez, hijo legítimo de José Ma. Orozco, ya difunto y de Guillerma de Cazas, que vive. Casado y velado el 30 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Casimira Berumen, soltera, de 22 años de edad, originaria y vecina de La Labor del Marqués, hija legítima de Antonio Berumen, que vive y de Guadalupe Pinedo, ya difunta. Padrinos: Crispin Orozco y Ma. Orozco. Foja: 28v. Presentó Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro No. 2. Foja: 188. No. 114.

ORTIZ ROMAN Gregorio, casado y velado el 11 de septiembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Norverta Arellano Correa. Foja: 18.

ORTIZ UREÑO Máximo casado y velado el 29 de mayo de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Paula de Luna Campos. Foja: 4 vuelta.

PEREZ BAEZ Cruz, casado y velado el 12 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Andrea Morillo Ríos. Foja: 9.

PEREZ BAÑUELOS Filomeno, casado y velado el 30 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Juana Hernández Muñoz. Foja: 22v.

PEREZ DE CAZAS Urbano, casado y velado el 31 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Clemencia Banegas Espinoza. Foja: 15v.

PEREZ HUIZAR Luis, casado y velado el 29 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Pantaleona Carrillo Lira. Foja: 28.

PEREZ MURO Francisco, casado y velado el 16 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Margarita Torres Carrillo, hija de Timoteo y Alvina. Foja: 21.

QUINTERO RODRÍGUEZ Atanasio, casado y velado el 21 de agosto de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Pilar Martínez Aguilar. Foja: 17.

RAMÍREZ DEL RIO Nicolás, casado el 8 de diciembre de 1861 y velado el 19 de enero de 1862 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Tomasa Arroyo Salcedo. Foja: 30.

RAMÍREZ HERNÁNDEZ Fermin, casado y velado el 3 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Juana Pérez Dorado. Foja: 6v.

RAMÍREZ MORILLO Estanislao, casado y velado el 13 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Emeteria González Villaseñor. Foja: 23v.

RAMÍREZ VARGAS Cruz, soltero, de 18 años de edad, originario del Monte de Garcías y vecino de Lo de Mercado, e hijo legítimo de Salomé Ramírez y de Manuela Vargas, que viven. casado y velado el 5 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Camila Guerrero Bañuelos, doncella, de 17 años de edad, originaria y vecina del monte de Garcías, e hija legítima de Felipe Guerrero y Teofila Bañuelos, que viven. Padrinos: Mateo Flores y Ramona Flores. Testigos: Leonardo García y Alvino Sánchez Foja: 7 vuelta. Presento Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro 2. Foja: 76 frente y vuelta. No. 36.

REVELES DE LOS SANTOS Teofilo, casado y velado el 5 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Gerarda Marcial Vázquez. Foja: 7.

RIOS ORTEGA Agustín, casado y velado el 19 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. de los Reyes Castañeda Banegas. Foja: 21.

ROBLES DE LUNA Hermenegildo, soltero, de 35 años de edad, originario y vecino del rancho de Los Juárez, hijo legítimo de Julio Robles y de Isidora de Luna, difuntos. Casado y velado el 11 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma Ausencia de Cazas, soltera, de 24 años de edad, originaria y vecina del rancho de Los Juárez, e hija legítima de Asnastasio de Cazas y de Apolonia Beina, que viven. Padrinos: Ventura Mireles y Francisca Mireles. Testigos: Pilar Isaes y don Cecilio Rodarte. Foja: 13 vuelta. Presento Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro 2. Foja: 109. No. 58.

ROBLES GONZALEZ Guadalupe casado y velado el 29 de mayo de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Matiana Cabrera Aguirre Foja: 5 vuelta.

RODARTE AGUILAR Blás, casado y velado el 7 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Sixta Valadez Reveles. Foja: 8.

RODRÍGUEZ CAMACHO Manuel, casado y velado el 8 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Asensión Saucedo Félix. Foja: 8v.

RODRÍGUEZ HURTADO Juan, casado y velado el 4 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Magdalena Hernández Dominguez. Foja: 12v.

ROSALES ESQUIVEL Inés, casado y velado el 23 de mayo de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Guadalupe Tejada Acuña. Foja: 4.

ROSALES VARELA Lucio, soltero, de 26 años de edad, originario y vecino de Cazablanca, hijo legítimo de Manuel Rosales, difunto y de Ma. Antonia Varela, que vive. Casado y velado el 28 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. de Jesús Martínez Félix, doncella, de 20 años de edad, originaria y vecina del rancho de Los Juárez, hija legítima de Marcos Martínez y de Ma. Refugio Félix, que viven. Padrinos: Miguel Esquivel y Ma. Moreno. Testigos: Francisco Varela y Jesús de la Torre.. Foja: 27v. Presentó Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro No. 2. Foja: 158. No. 111.

SÁNCHEZ MEZA Lucas, casado y velado el 12 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Juana Flores de los Santos. Foja: 9v.

SANTIAGO REZA Pilar DE, casado y velado el 29 de mayo de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Basilia de Luera de Avila. Foja: 5 vuelta.

SANTOS DE SANTIAGO Marcos DE LOS, casado y velado el 20 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Petronila Esparza Arellano. Foja: 11.

SIFUENTES SÁNCHEZ Potenciano, casado y velado el 27 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Cipriana Escobedo Valerio. Foja: 26v.

SOTO ALCALAN Silverio, soltero, de 23 años de edad, originario y vecino de la hacienda de Cienega, jurisdicción de Jerez, e hijo legítimo de Bernardino Soto, que vive y de Ma. de Jesús Alcalan, ya difunta. Casado y velado el 29 de mayo de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Narcisa Reveles Mejía, doncella, de 15 años de edad, originaria y vecina de Jerez, e hija legítima de Exiquio Reveles y de Prudenciana Mejía, que viven. Padrinos: Gorgonio Orozco y Jacinta Saucedo. Testigos: Sereno Alvarez y Alejandro Orozco. Foja: 5.

TALAVERA MARTINEZ Dionisio, casado y velado el 1 de junio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Serapia Hurtado Pérez. Foja: 5v.

TORRES CAMPOS Cristino, casado y velado el 11 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Pragedis Barrios Ureño. Foja: 14.

TORRES CARRILLO Victor, casado y velado el 28 de agosto de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Matiana Ortiz Carrillo. Foja: 17v.

TORRES GUARDADO Sebastián, hijo de Anacleto y Jacinta. Casado y velado el 13 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Prisciliana Flores González. Foja: 20v.

TREJO MORENO Bruno, casado el 9 de diciembre de 1861 y velado por el Padre don Ursino Sánchez el 9 de mayo de 1863 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Mercedes Banegas López. Foja: 30.

ULTRERAS ACOSTA Justo, de 43 años de edad, originario y vecino de Arroyoseco de Abajo, jurisdicción de Tepetongo, viudo en segundas nupcias de Albina Escobedo, sepultada en el camposanto de Tepetongo hace un año tres meses, e hijo legítimo de Cristóbal Ultreras y de Teresa Acosta, difuntos. Casado y velado el 31 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Francisca Banegas González, doncella, de 24 años de edad, originaria y vecina del rancho del Tambor, e hija leggítima de Cristino Banegas y de Ma. Antonia González, que viven. Padrinos: Rafael Flores y Ma. Isidora García. Testigos: Dionisio Garay y Francisco García. Foja: 16. Presentó Certificado del Registro Civil. Libro 2. Foja: 115. No. 64.

UREÑO BAÑUELOS Salomé, casado y velado el 3 de agosto de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Ma. Gertrudis Bermúdez Miramontes. Foja: 16v.

VANEGAS DIAZ Jesús, casado y velado el 28 de noviembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Dominga Llamas de Cazas. Foja: 27.

VAZQUEZ CORTES Cevero, casado y velado el 18 de julio de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Margarita Cortes Sánchez. Foja: 15.

VILLEGAS ORTEGA Florencio, casado y velado el 2 de octubre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Gabriela Torres Campos. Foja: 19v.

VALDIVAR ENRIQUEZ Salomé, casado y velado el 19 de septiembre de 1861 en la iglesia parroquial de Jerez con Mariana Hernández. Foja: 18v.

CARIBBEAN/CUBA

100 Years of Medical
History in Cárdenas, Cuba 1860-1960
http://www.delafe.com/cardenas/medicine.htm

The Passing Of The Sonero José Antonio Rodríguez (‘El Guanajo Relleno’) http://www.genealogia.org.mx/modulos/artsd.asp?id=170
Sent by Dorinda Moreno, dorindamoreno@comcast.net 

José Antonio Rodríguez died on Sunday night 6 November 2005, in Copenhagen aged just 52 years old. Singer with Sierra Maestra since the beginning twenty-six years ago, he was considered as one of the best soneros (or singers of the son style) in Cuba. José Antonio (or ‘Maceo’ as he was known to his friends and admirers) was born in the Holguin province of Cuba and from early childhood dedicated himself to music. He was the co-founder and the soul of Sierra Maestra. He was baptised by the Cuban people as 'El Pequeno Gran Sonero', ‘The Little Big Sonero’ – a reference to his small stature. He was an excellent musician, singer, guitarist and above all an excellent person and a modest man whose talent never diverted him from being extremely straightforward.
Apart from performing on all fourteen or so Sierra Maestra albums, he also sang amongst others on the first Ruben González album, the first Afro-Cuban All Stars album and both of Ibrahim

Luego el bombazo y la deconstrucción de todo lo que oficialmente se predicaba sobre los taínos llegó con los estudios de A.D.N. mitocondrial del Dr. Martínez-Cruzado que aunque se especializa en teorías de migración demuestran la alta presencia de A.D.N. mitocondrial taíno en las mujeres puertorriqueñas.  Mientras estos taínos fueron percibidos como parte de un colectivo invisible que se mueve calladamente por sus bateyes ceremoniales privados en las montañas caribeñas o en las telarañas imaginarias de la Internet no tuvimos problema. Cuando estos individuos taínos, hombres y mujeres honorables, profesionales en todas las ramas del quehacer humano, gente que han puesto su nombre y reputación en la línea de fuego al decidir decir su verdad, asumir su identidad, se 
presentaron en carne y hueso a reclamar respeto, a reclamar libertad religiosa, a pedir que se dejen de exhibir los restos de los taínos como se exhiben los restos de un animal paleolítico vulgar entonces es que escuchamos las voces de la ignorancia y las voces a gritos del racismo y los racistas. Individuos en posiciones de poder llamaron a viva voz y con tono despectivo a la identidad de estos individuos el ser: “negros vestidos de indios”, ”buscones” y “caníbales” entre otras cosas. 

Identidad y libertad

La identidad no es una camisa de fuerza ni un campo de concentración dijo con sencilla elocuencia Mario Vargas Llosa. Volvemos al diccionario de la Real Academia y sobresalen las palabras ser “distinto a las demás” cuando leemos la definición de identidad. Desde el encuentro fatal con Colón y los europeos se ha definido al taíno peyorativamente como distinto, como el otro. A los grupos nativos, comenzando con los taínos, se les creó una definición justificatoria endeble y se les asignó una identidad por contraste.

Ser indígena equivalía a no ser europeo y si lo expresamos en términos de una fórmula matemática
podríamos ilustrarlo como: Ser indígena era y todavía es:  Indígena = a) no ser europeo + b) no ser cristiano + c) no ser civilizado + d) no poseer la verdad + f)no disponer de las capacidades para guiarse y realizarse por sí mismo.    

¡Racismo! Racismo, palabra que según el evangelio tripartita de una identidad compartida no existe en Puerto Rico. Palabra que el Diccionario de la R.A.E. define como una “doctrina antropológica o política basada en este sentimiento y que en ocasiones ha motivado la persecución de un grupo étnico considerado como inferior”.  Lamentablemente la identidad en Puerto Rico es una camisa de fuerza cuando acosamos verbal y psicológicamente a un grupo que consideramos inferior. El racismo es real cuando la burla es la orden del día. 

En Puerto Rico eres o no eres participante del binomio perfecto de identidades aprobadas, y si no
eres te trataremos como a un inferior, colectivamente nos burlaremos de tú ropa, comida, nombre y religión, es la consigna que hemos escuchado desde las más altas estratas de la élite. El mismo racismo que trajeron con ellos los europeos que desde los primeros encuentros y a partir de los primeros escritos de Cristóbal Colón asumieron un tono de superioridad y generalización ante los nativo americanos sigue vivo y saludable en el siglo XXI en Puerto Rico. Los taínos eran clasificados por los europeos como “infieles”, “gentiles”, “idólatras”, “salvajes” y “herejes”. La
conquista europea se racionalizó desde ese momento partiendo, exactamente como se vive hoy día en Caguana, y en todo Puerto Rico con la premisa errada de que el indígena es inferior.

SPAIN

Sent by Paul Newfield  skip@thebrasscannon.com

Publicado en Odiel Información el 23 de noviembre de 2005

SIMON LOPEZ
  
- El 5 de junio de 1596, se presentó ante Juan Quincoces, teniente general de Cartagena de Indias, el maestre de la fragata “San Francisco” para manifestar que cuando navegaban junto a la laguna de Maracaibo, falleció un miembro de la tripulación que se llamaba Simón López. Inmediatamente ordenaron que se hiciera inventario de sus pertenencias y se encontró entre sus papeles un testamento cerrado, que pedía fuera abierto con las debidas formalidades legales y así se hizo. Una vez abierto se supo que era natural de Ayamonte y vecino de Nueva Zamora, en Venezuela, y que estaba casado en Ayamonte con Ana Fernández, de quien tenía 5 hijos que quedaron a su cargo.

Contaba que había salido de Lisboa con el capitán portugués Diogo Lopes para comprar negros en Guinea y una vez completada la operación la nao transportando a los esclavos puso rumbo a Cartagena de Indias, pero él tuvo que quedarse en tierra.

Al parecer la travesía se hizo bien, pero al llegar a paso de los Gavilanes en el Río Grande, se escaparon todos y solo se recuperó uno, que fue vendido posteriormente a Pedro López Treviño. Este viaje fue para él de perdidas, aunque lo compensó con los beneficios de una operación similar que hizo con el vecino de Lisboa, Manuel de Paiva. 

Lamentablemente, uno de los mas lucrativos negocios de aquella época era la compra-venta de esclavos.

Angel Custodio Rebollo Barroso 

INTERNATIONAL 

Dorinda Moreno highly recommends seeing this moving. Based on the true story of screenwriter Oscar Torres's embattled childhood, Luis Mandoki's Innocent Voices is the poignant tale of Chava (Carlos Padilla), an eleven-year-old boy who suddenly becomes the "man of the house" after his father abandons the family in the middle of a civil war.   http://www.innocentvoicesmovie.com/ 

More than 300,000 children presently serve in armies in over 40 countries.

In El Salvador in the 1980s, the government's armed forces are already  recruiting twelve year olds, rousting them out of their classes at the local middle school. If he is lucky, Chava has just one year of innocence left, one year before he, too, will be conscripted to fight the government's battle against the peasant rebels of the FMLN. Chava's life becomes a game of survival, not only from the bullets of the escalating war, but also from the dispiriting effects of daily violence. As he hustles to find work to help his single mother pay the bills, and experiences the pangs of first love for a beautiful classmate, Chava's tiny home village becomes both playground and battlefield. 

Armed only with the love of his mother (Leonor Varela) and a small radio that broadcasts a forbidden anthem of love and peace, and faced with the impossible choice of joining either the army or the rebels, Chava finds the courage to keep his heart open, and his spirit alive, in his race against time.

TODO MI ARBOL DESDE LA LLEGADA A EL HIERRO 

GENER.

MIGUEL DE GUADARRAMA(LLEGADO DE CASTILLA LA VIEJA)(CABALLERO DE SANTIAGO) 14
LLEGÓ A LA PALMA 

BARTOLOME DE GUADARRAMA (HIJO DE MIGUEL GUADARRAMA)(PALMERO)(ESCRIBANO PUBLIDO) 13
CATALINA GOMEZ 

JUAN BRAVO GUADARRAMA (HIJO DE BARTOLOME DE GUADARRAMA) 12
CATALINA NUÑEZ(1P) (6 HIJOS)MIGUEL(1-)BARTOLOME(2--)PEDRO LUIS(3---)BEATRIZ(4----)JUANA(5-----) Y 
VIOLANTE(6------) 

1P HIJA DE:HERNANDO LUIS HIJO DE HERNANDO LUIS(PORTUGUES)(DE LA PALMA) 
VIOLANTE BAEZ HIJA DE ALVARO GONZALEZ(REGIDOR)Y DE LUISA GONZALEZ 

1- MIGUEL DE GUADARRAMA (CASO 3 VECES) 
CAPITAN /REGIDOR1647/GOBERNADOR EN 1656/FUNDÓ CAPELLANIA EN MIRAFLORES(GOLFO)/TESTAMENTO 1668 
FRANCISCA MARTEL (4P) (NO DICEN SU TUVO HIJOS) 3ª mujer 
MARCIA DE CEJAS (CASADOS 1627)(CASO 3 VECES) (1 HIJA ) (G) 1ª mujer 
DIONISIA DE FEBLES (3P) ( 10 HIJOS) (H) 2ª mujer 

4P HIJA DE JUAN GARCIA Y DE FRANCISCA MARTEL 

3P HIJA DE GUILLEN DE FEBLES FRIAS HIJO DE GUILLEN DE FEBLES(FLAMENCO)Y DE YOMAR GUTIERREZ 
MARIA ESPINOSA 

2-- BARTOLOME GUADARRAMA NUÑEZ 11
INES DE SIMANCAS ( 5 HIJOS)MARIA CANDELARIA(1.)MAGDALENA(2..)DIEGO DE SIMANCAS 
(3…)MARIA Y CATALINA SIMANCAS 

3--- PEDRO LUIS GUADARRAMA 

4---- BEATRIZ GONZALEZ 
PEDRO MAGDALENA 

5----- JUANA BRAVO 
ANDRES ARCILA 

6------ VIOLANTE BAEZ 
FRANCISCO MORALES 

G MARIANA DE SEJAS (MARIA CEJAS (CASADOS 1649) 
JUAN QUINTERO FEBLES (2P) / MANUEL PEREZ 

2P HIJO DE:GONZALO MARTIN BLANCO(CAPITAN) Y DE MARIA GUTIERREZ ,ESTA ENVIUDO Y CASO CON 
MANUEL PEREZ HIJO DE HERNANDO MACHIN Y CATALINA PEREZ 

H MATEO DE GUADARRAMA(H1)/MARIA DE FEBLES(J)/JUAN DE FEBLES(estudió telogia en Sevilla) 
VIOLANTE DE SAN MIGUEL (L) /ANA DE SAN DIONISIO(L) /VENTURA DE 
GUADARRAMA (N) /DIEGO DE GUADARRAMA (Ñ) /MARIA DE FEBLES (O) 
MIGUEL DE GUADARRAMA (estudio en La Palma) /CATALINA DE GUADARRAMA (Q) 

1. MARIA CANDELARIA DE GUADARRAMA SIMANCAS 
DOMINGO HERNANDEZ VALDEZ(PEREZ)CASADOS 1650( 6 HIJOS) (3M) 
MARIA ARMAS ( 2 HIJOS) PEDRO (4M) / JUAN (5M) 

2.. MAGDALENA GUADARRAMA SIMANCAS 
ANTONIO PADRON MENDOZA ( NO HIJOS) 

3… DIEGO SIMANCAS Y GUADARRAMA (TESTAMENTO 1695) 10
ANDREA ESPINOSA (CASADOS 1654)1 HIJA - ANA 
MARIA GONZALEZ QUINTERO (CASADOS 30.06.1691)(6 HIJOS)CATALINA/BARTOLOME/ 
MATEO(AA)/MARIA/JUAN/ANTONIO 

4M PEDRO HERNANDEZ ARMAS 
MAGDALENA DE SIMANCAS 

5M JUAN ARMAS (JUAN HERNANDEZ ARMAS) 
MARIA QUINTERO 

3M SEBASTIAN - FRANCISCO INES-JUAN-MARIA-BARTOLOME ( 6Z) 

H1 MATEO DE GUADARRAMA - 3 años en la guerra de Flandes,vino a España y de alli pasó a Las 
Indias)(Capitan) 

L VIOLANTE Y ANA - monjas profesas en el concento de Garachico 

N VENTURA DE GUADARRAMA FRIAS Y ESPINOSA MURIÓ EN EL 1ER TERCIO DEL XVIII 
REGIDOR /GOBERNADOR / MAESTRE DE CAMPO / TENIA 6 ESCLAVOS 
LEONOR DE ESPINOSA (5P) (LEONOR DE TOLEDO) (I) (2 HIJOS-ANGELA €-BEATRIZ(S) 

5P HIJA DE DIEGO DE ESPINOSA Y MARIA LLANOS 

(O) MARIA DE FEBLES 
GUILLERMO HERNANDEZ ( 1 HIJO - MIGUEL ) 

(Q) CATALINA DE GUADARRAMA(CATALINA FRIAS Y ESPINOSA) 
GUILLEN PERAZA DE AYALA ( 2 HIJOS-MIGUEL (T) - PIO (U) 

€ ANGELA MICAELA GUADARRAMA ESPINOSA 
MANUEL AMBROSIO SOLER ( NO TENGO NOTICIAS DE HIJOS) 

(S) BEATRIZ DE GUADARRAMA DE TOLEDO (BEATRIZ DE TOLEDO)1ª ESPOSA-TESTAM. 1700 
JUAN BUENO DE ACOSTA (1673-1748) 1 HIJO (V)(CASÓ 2 VECES) 
MURIO EN LA OROTAVA/GOBERNADOR DE ARMAS/ALCALDE MAYOR DE EL HIERRO/ALFEREZ/ 
ALGUACIL MAYOR DE LA OROTAVA 

AA MATEO GUADARRAMA QUINTERO (CASO 2 VECES) COBRADOR EN 1705 9
MARIA ARMAS QUINTERO (2 HIJOS-DIEGO / JUAN )HIJA DE MARIA QUINERO/JUAN DE ARMAS VALDES 
MARIA PADRON GONZALEZ(CASADOS 21.05.1719)(2 HIJOS)(A) HIJA DE MARIA GONZALEZ 
Y DE JUAN PADRON DE DIOS 

(A) CATALINA PADRON / MATHEO GUADARRAMA (1) 

I PADRES: DIEGO DE ESPINOSA Y AYALA (REGIDOR) 
MARIA GONZALEZ LLANOS (3 HIJOS) LEONOR DE TOLEDO / GUILLEN PERAZA 
Y DIEGO DE ESPINOSA FEBLES 

6Z BARTOLOME GUADARRAMA 
MARIA ACOSTA ( 1 HIJO JUAN- (7Z) 

7Z JUAN GUADARRAMA ACOSTA (1701-1779) 
MARIA PADRON (MARIA ANA PADRON )(6 HIJOS) (8Z) 

1 MATHEO GUADARRAMA PADRON (VALVERDE) 8
MARIA QUINTERO (MARIA FUENTES)(MARIA DE FEBLES)(CASADOS 22.07.1753)(KK) 

(J) MARIA DE FEBLES 
MANUEL DE ACOSTA (6P) 

6P HIJO DE MARCOS PEREZ Y MARIA GONZALEZ 

(Ñ) DIEGO DE GUADARRAMA 
ISABEL GUTIERREZ ( 3 HIJOS )DIONISIA-VENTURA Y OTRO 

(V) DIEGO BUENO DE ACOSTA Y GUADARRAMA NOROÑA(12-1-1696/SEPBRE1758) 
TENIENTE CORONEL - ADMINISTRADOR DEL CONDE DE LA GOMERA 
MARIA PADRON ARTEAGA Y ESPINOSA ( 1 HIJO) (X) (CASARON 1719) 

(X) JOSE MARIA BUENO PADRON ESPINOSA ( -1777)LICENCIADO / MURIÓ EN SEVILLA 

(T) MIGUEL DE GUADARRAMA FEBLES Y FRIAS (REGIDOR 1717)(MIGUEL DE GUADA.Y ESPINOSA) 
(MIGUEL ANTONIO GUADARRAMA FRIAS Y ESPINOSA)(FUNDÓ CAPELLANIA 29.02.1732) 
MARGARITA GONZALEZ LLANOS DE LA BARREDA( NO HIJOS)(MARGARITA PADRON LLANOS 

(U) PIO DE ESPINOSA PERAZA DE AYALA (PIO DE ESPINOSA GUADARRAMA) 
MARIA GONZALEZ DE LA BARREDA (MARIA LLANOS BARREDA) 1 HIJO (Y) 

(Y) MIGUEL ANTONIO GUADARRAMA ( PRESBITERO-VICARIO Y COMISARIO DEL SANTO OFICIO 1774 ) 
FUNDÓ PATRONATO - TESTAMENTO 1776 

8Z BARTOLOME /CAIETANO(9Z) /MANUEL (10Z)/MARIA DE CONCEIOSN/FRANCISCO/ 
CAROLINA GUADARRAMA PADRON 

9Z CAIETANO GUADARRAMA PADRON 
CATALINA GARCIA BARRERA (1 HIJO) ( 11Z) 

11Z ANTONIO GUADARRAMA GARCIA 
MARIA JOSEFA GUADARRAMA ( NO HIJOS) 

10Z MANUEL GUADARRAMA PADRON 
INES GUTIERREZ (3 HIJOS??)(12Z) 

12Z PEDRO(13Z) / FRANCISCO (14Z) /JOSE MARIA ?? GUADARRAMA GUTIERREZ 

13Z PEDRO GUADARRAMA GUTIERREZ (VALVERDE) 
JUANA PADRON SALAZAR( 2 HIJOS) RAMON (15Z) / BERNARDO(16Z) 

14Z FRANCISCO GUADARRAMA GUTIERREZ 
GERONIMA MICAELA PEREZ(SE CASARON 25.2.1798)(4 HIJOS) (17Z) 

15Z RAMON GUADARRAMA PADRON (1821-1909) 
BERNARDA RUDENCINDA CRUZ QUINTERO ((5 HIJOS) (18Z) 

16Z BERNADO RAMON DE LA CONCEPCION GUADARRAMA PADRON(19.07.1825/ )VALVERDE 

17Z FCO.ANTONIO(19Z) /JOSE Mª (20Z) /JOSE BENEDICTO(21Z) / MANUEL MARCOS (22Z) 

KK JUAN JOSEF GUADARRAMA QUINTERO(20.03.1760/ )(GUARAZOCA) 7
MARIA PADRON PEREZ(CASADOS 14.06.1783) (4 HIJOS)(2) 

2 FRANCISCO ANDRES(3) /MARIA DE LOS REYES (4) / CARMEN( /1897) / MATEO(5)/ 
FRANCISCO GUADARRAMA PADRON (6) 

18Z VICENTE/JULIANA(18 AZ)/MAXIMIANA /JUANA Mª (23Z)/ AURORA (EDUARDA) (24Z) VALVERDE 

18 AZ JULIANA GUADARRAMA CRUZ 
PATRICIO PADRON BARRERA (1 HIJA) - JOSEFINA PADRON GUADARRAMA 

19Z FCO ANTONIO GUADARRAMA PEREZ (26.02.1800/ ) 
MARIA VILLAREAL MARRERO (CASADOS 3.2.1824) 

20Z JOSE Mª GUADARRAMA PEREZ (22.07.1798/ ) 

21Z JOSE BENEDICTO GUADARRAMA PEREZ( 24.03.1802/ ) 

22Z MANUEL MARCOS GUADARRAMA PEREZ(25.04.1813/ ) 

23Z JUANA Mª GUADARRAMA CRUZ (1864-1902) 
JUAN GARCIA GUTIERREZ ( 3 HIJOS) OLEGARIO ANDRES / MANUELA / MARIA 

24Z AURORA GUADARRAMA CRUZ (1897- ) (SOLTERA) (1 HIJO) (25Z) 

3 FRANCISCO ANDRES GUADARRMA PADRON (03.06.1786/1871)CASAS DEL MONTE (CASO 2 V.) 6
MARIA CONCEPCION ARMAS(CASAÑAS)(CASADOS 31.12.1820) (3 HIJOS) (22) 
MARIA DOMINGA MORALES(CASARON 26.11.1810)(CASAS DEL MONTE) (2 HIJOS) 3 bis 

3 bis ANTONIA TRIBUCIA(28.04.1811/ )/JUAN FCO.ANDRES DE LA CONCEPCION GUADARRAMA 
MORALES (9) 

4 MARIA DE LOS REYES GUADARRMA PADRON (1795 - 1875) (CASO 2 VECES) 
JUAN MENDEZ ( 2 HIJOS ) EUSTASIA (7) / MASIAS 
JUAN ANTONIO ARMAS 

5 MATEO GUADARRAMA PADRON 
SEBASTIANA DE FUENTES (2 HIJOS)ANTONIO EUSEBIO ( 8 )/JUAN FCO ( 8bis) 

7 EUSTASIA (EUSTAQUIA)MENDEZ GUADARRAMA (LOS MOCANES) 
AGUSTIN GUADARRAMA JACIL(1815 - 1907) HIJO DE ANTONIO GUADARRAMA Y DE MARIA PADRON 
(7 HIJOS ) (10) 

8 ANTONIO EUSEBIO GUADARRMA FUENTES ( 28.06.1808/ ) 

8 bis JUAN FCO. DE LOS DOLORES GUADARRMA FUENTES (09.10.1811/ ) 

9 JUAN FRANCISCO DE LA CONCEPCION GUADARRAMA MORALES( 20.07.1813/ )CASAS MONTE 
MARIA GUTIERREZ - 5 HIJOS LUCIA (9-A)(11) 
DOROTEA AFONSO GUADARRAMA (CASADOS 04.05.1859) VIUDA 2 VECES ( A ) 

9-A LUCIA GUADARRAMA GUTIERREZ(1851-1897)(MOCANES 
JOSE BRITO GARCIA ( 7 HIJOS) (9-B) 

9-B MARIA / BERNARDINA(70) / AMALIA(78) / DIEGO / PEDRO / ESPERANZA (74) / RAMON (75) 
BRITO GUADARRAMA 

(A) VIUDA DE PEDRO CASAÑAS Y VIUDA DE FCO.GONZALEZ (HIJA DE ANDRES AFONSO Y DE 
MARIA GUADARRAMA 

10 BASILIO(12)/JUAN(13)JOSE(13 bis)/ANTONIA(71)/NARCISA(48)/MARIA/DAMASA (14)MOCANES 

11 LORENZO (15) / RAMON FULGENCIO (16) / FELIPE (17) / ROBERTO JOSE GUADARRAMA 
GUTIERREZ (18) 

12 BASILIO AGUSTIN DE CANDELARIA GUADARRAMA MENDEZ (15.03.1863/ ) 

13 JUAN GUADARRAMA MENDEZ (1852- 1926) 
EUSEBIA PADRON PADRON ( 2 HIJOS - SIMON / INOCENCIA (19) 

13 bis JOSE MªGUADARRAMA MENDEZ ( 1844 /30.01.1928) 
RAMONA CASANAS GUTIERREZ (6 HIJOS)(CASO 1878) (21) 

14 DAMASA GUADARRAMA MENDEZ (42) 
ANTONIO PADRON ARMAS 3 HIJOS MATILDE/MANUEL DE CANDELARIA(65)AGUSTIN(69) 

15 LORENZO GUADARRMA GUTIERREZ(1852 - 1929) 
MARIA LIMA HERNANDEZ (4 HIJOS) ( 20) 

16 RAMON FULGENCIO GUADARRMA GUTIERREZ ( 16.01.1845/ ) 

17 FELIPE GUADARRAMA GUTIERREZ (23.08.1858/ ) 

18 ROBERTO JOSE GUADARRAMA GUTIERREZ (27.03.1854/ ) 

19 INOCENCIA DE CANDELARIA GUADARRAMA PADRON(27.12.1891/ ) 
DAMASO PADRON CASAÑAS ( 1 HIJA-ANTONIA PADRON GUADARRAMA) 

20 JULIAN(77)/ANTONIO RUFINO(29.07.1877/ ) (43) /CANDIDA MARIA DE CANDELARIA(62) 
JUAN/ NORBERTA DE CANDELARIA(72) GUADARRAMA LIMA - LOS MOCANES 

21 ISABEL(1879/1937) / CANDIDO DE CANDELARIA(02.06.1885/)/ 
JUAN JOSE( 24.01.1899 / )/PEDRO(06.04.1897/ )/JUANA DE CANDELARIA(23.10.1887)(44)/ 
AGUSTIN DE CANDELARIA(24.10.1894/ ) GUADARRAMA CASAÑAS (FRONTERA) 

22 JOSE (23) / FELISA (24) / DOLORES (CASAS DEL MONTE) GUADARRAMA ARMAS 

23 JOSE Mª GUADARRMA ARMAS (1825 - / 14.04.1889) (DE LAS CASAS DEL MONTE) 5
RUFINA ARMAS NUÑEZ(QUINTERO)(HERNANDEZ)(3 HIJOS)FELIX(25)/JOSE FCO.(26) / 
MARIA REYES( 27) / FRANCISCO(63) 

24 FELISA (FELIPA) GUADARRAMA ARMAS (SE CASARON 2.6.1856) 
LAURENCIO GARCIA MORALES 1 HIJA NICOLASA Mª (10-09-1863/ )(67) 

25 FELIX GUADARRAMA ARMAS (1861- 1936) (MONTAÑETAS) (CASO 1885 ) 
NICOLASA PINO PADRON( 3 HIJOS)ADOLFO(76) / HERMINIA ( 28A ) / CAYETANO (28) 

25Z JUAN RAMON GUADARRAMA CRUZ 
JOSEFINA PADRON GUADARRAMA (2 HIJOS) JUAN RAMON (26Z)/ ESTEBAN (27Z) 

26Z JUAN RAMON GUADARRAMA PADRON ( /18.01.1930) 

27Z ESTEBAN PATRICIO GUADARRAMA PADRON ( /06.09.1932) 
INOCENCIA PADRON AYALA (2 HIJOS) JOSEFINA (28Z) /INOCENCIA (29Z) 

28Z JOSEFINA GUADARRAMA PARON ( /08.01.1958) 

29Z INOCENCIA GUADARRAMA PADRON ( /31.03.1959) 

26 JOSE FRANCISCO GUADARRAMA ARMAS (1868-1939) (MONTAÑETAS) 4
MARIA DE LA CRUZ PADRON GONZALEZ (CASO 1887) (7 HIJOS) ( 29) 

27 MARIA REYES GUADARRAMA ARMAS ( 1868 / 1899)(MOCANAL) (CASO 1891) 
CLAUDIO BENITEZ QUINTERO(5 HIJOS)MARIA RAMONA(64)/ANICETA(66)/ENCARNACION(68) 
JUANA(27.01.1897/ ) / JOSE BENITEZ GUADARRAMA 

28 CAYETANO DE CANDELARIA GUADARRAMA PINO(05.07.1893/ ) (CASARON 1920 ) (EL GOLFO) 
JUANA UMBELINDA PINO BARRERA (5 HIJOS) FELIX (30) / CAYETANO JOSE (31) / RAFAEL 
(26.10.1929/ ) / ELVIRA(01.02.19257 ) / NICOLAS RAMIRO (07.04.1923/ ) 

28A HERMINIA GUADARRAMA PINO (ERMINIA 27.05.1888/ ) 
LEANDRO CABRERA GONZALEZ (2 HIJO ) AGUEDO (08.02.1909/ )(49) / EMELDA(12.06. 
1907/ ) 

29 VIDAL (32) / ESTEBAN (32-A) / AURELIO(32-B) / MAXIMIANA(32C) / SEVERINA ( 33) 
CARMEN(17.07.1885/ ) / JOSE DE CANDELARIA(06.01.1892/ ) 

30 FELIX GUADARRMA PINO (1927/ )(GOLFO) CASADOS 29.03.1947 
CANDIDA FEBLES HERNANDEZ (2 HIJOS) MªNIEVES Y FELIX (30-A) 

30-A FELIX GUADARRAMA FEBLES (NACIO EN VALVERDE 1951) 

31 CAYETANO JOSE RAFAEL GUADARRAMA PINO (1921 / 1933) (LOS LLANILLOS) 
ANASTASIA MARIA MONTEVERDE REBOSO(1 HIJO -ELIAS (31-A) )CASADOS 22.06.1946 

31-A ELIAS GUADARRAMA MONTEVERDE(1947/ ) 
NELIDA NAVARRO HERNANDEZ ( CASADOS 1970) 

32 VIDAL GUADARRAMA PADRON (18.03.1900 - 1979 ) CASADOS 1920 3
CESAREA JOVITA PADRON ARMAS ( 5 HIJOS) (34) 

32-A ESTEBAN DE CANDELARIA GUADARRAMA PADRON(02.08.1895/ )(ALCALDE PEDANEO) (GOLFO) 
CARMEN PADRON FEBLES (CASARON 1923 )(2 HIJAS)CARMEN (1934-1938)/CLOTILDE(47) 

32-B AURELIO GUADARRAMA PADRON (25.09.1897/ ) 
VALENTINA PADRON GUTIERREZ (CASARON 1919) (5 HIJOS)(45) 

32C MAXIMIANA GUADARRAMA PADRON(09.04.1908/ ) (1 HIJO SOLTERA) (32 D) 
GABRIEL MORALES FEBLES (1 HIJO CASADA- JOSE MORALES GUADARRAMA) 
(MAXIMIANA FIGURA COMO HIJA DE MARIA GUTIERREZ) 

32D ADOLFO GUADARRAMA PADRON 
PADRON (2 HIJOS) Mª REYES / MAURO (32 E) 

32E MAURO GUADARRAMA PADRON 
……………. ( HIJOS)………….. 

33 SEVERINA GUADARRMA PADRON ( 1905-1906 ) MURIO CON 6 MESES( EL GOLFO) 
(BAUTISMO 29.10.1905) 

34 ESTEBAN (34A)/ URBANO (34B) / GREGORIO ( 35) / MARIA REYES(34C) / SEVERINA (34 D) 

34A ESTEBAN GUADARRAMA PADRON (ERESE) 
MARIA MENDEZ CASAÑAS (1 HIJA - ALICIA Que casó con Manuel Angel -sin hijos ) 

34B URBANO GUADARRMA PADRON 
(1 HIJA - FLORA Que casó con Juan Febles )(2 hijos) 

34C MARIA REYES GUADARRAMA PADRON 
BENEFRIDO REBOSO ( 1 HIJO - BENEFRIDO REBOSO GUADARRAMA) 

34 D SEVERINA GUADARRAMA PADRON ( 1933 / 1933 ) 

35 GREGORIO GUADARRAMA PADRON (01.07.1926/10.03.1998) (LOS MOCANES) 2
MARIA ANTONIA GARCIA LIMA ( 3 HIJOS) ( 36) CASADOS 28.02.1951 

36 JESUS ANGELES (04.01.1953/ )( 37) / ROSA MARIA (38) / VIDAL (09.09.1961/ ) (39) 

37 JESUS DE LOS ANGELES GUADARRMA GARCIA 
VICTORIANO GARCIA GARCIA ( 3 HIJOS) GUACIMARA / VICTOR JESUS/ JAVIER 

38 ROSA MARIA GUADARRAMA GARCIA ( 04.09.1955/ ) 1
LAUREANO SANTIAGO SUAREZ QUINTANA ( 1 HIJA) CAROLINA(08.06.1979 / ) 
CAYETANO JOSE LUIS ARMAS PADRON ( 1 HIJA) ALEJANDRA (04.06.1995/ ) 

39 VIDAL GUADARRAMA GARCIA (09.09.1961/ ) 
ESTHER SANTANA LOPEZ ( 2 HIJOS) CARLOS (40) / MARIA ELENA 

40 CARLOS GUADARRAMA SANTANA (ES EL UNICO QUE HEREDA EL APELLIDO DE LOS NIETOS DE VIDAL G.) 

42 MATILDE PADRON GUADARRAMA 
JOSE ANTONIO QUINTERO ( 1 HIJA) DAMASA QUINTERO PADRON(05.04.1913/ ) 

43 ANTONIO RUFINO GUADARRAMA LIMA (1877- ) CASÓ 1902 
RAMONA GONZALEZ CHAVEZ (2 HIJAS) MARIA AMERICA (50) / JUANA (51) 

44 JUANA DE CANDELARIA GUADARRAMA CASAÑAS(05.05.1892/ ) 
ELOY CASAÑAS PADRON(WW) ( 6 HIJOS)RAMONA(52) / ELOINA(53) / MARIA(54) / JUSTA/ 
JOSE (55) / PEDRO(56) CASAÑAS GUADARRAMA 

WW hijo de:VICTOR ANTONIO CASAÑAS GUADARRAMA Y JUSTA PADRON PADRON Y NIETO 
DE MARIA GUADARRAMA LIMA 

45 AMERICA(BASILIA)(46) / RAMON (57)/FAUSTINO(58)/ KIKA/CONCEPCION 

46 AMERICA GUADARRAMA PADRON(14.06.1920/ ) 
JUAN R. MACHIN GARCIA (CASADOS 02.02.1944) 

47 CLOTILDE GUADARRAMA PADRON(22.06.1925/ ) 
FRANCISCO GONZALEZ GUTIERREZ 

48 NARCISA GUADARRAMA MENDEZ 
MARCELINO PADRON PADRON ( 1 HIJA)SANTIAGA (60) 

49 AGUEDO CABRERA GUADARRAMA 
FELIPA GARCIA BENITEZ ( 1 HIJO ) ADOLFO SILVESTRE (73) 

50 MARIA AMERICA GUADARRAMA GONZALEZ(19.12.1913/ ) 
VALENTIN HERNANDEZ QUINTERO (CASADOS 9.10.1940) 

51 JUANA GUADARRAMA GONZALEZ (CASÓ 1927) - LAS MONTAÑETAS 
JUAN ARMAS PADRON(XX) ( 1 HIJA) ROSA DELIA ARMAS GUADARRAMA(15.02.1929/ ) 

XX padres:JUAN ARMAS GUADARRAMA Y JUANA PADRON HERNANDEZ 

52 RAMONA CASAÑAS GUADARRAMA(BAUTISMO 02.10.1915) 
FRANCISCO CAMPOS PADRON (CASADOS 20.12.1949 EN VALVERDE) (1 HIJO)JUAN CAMPOS CASAÑAS 

53 ELOINA CASAÑAS GUADARRAMA(10.08.1923/ ) 
ZOILO (1 HIJO ) LEONARDO 

54 MARIA CASAÑAS GUADARRAMA(28.12.1917/ ) 
JUAN HERNANDEZ ARMAS (3 HIJAS) RAMONA / LOLIN / JUANA MARIA 

55 JOSE CASANAS GUADARRAMA 
MARIA BRITO 

56 PEDRO CASAÑAS GUADARRAMA 
JUANA (3 HIJOS) JUANA / ISABEL / PEDRO(ALCALDE PEDANEO DE LAS PUNTAS) 

57 RAMON GUADARRAMA PADRON(11.10.1922/ ) 
M.OLANDA FEBLES GUADARRAMA(CASADOS 16.06.1946) 3 HIJOS (59) 

58 FAUSTINO GUADARRAMA PADRON (15.02.1927/ ) 
IMELDA QUINTERO GARCIA(24.06.1946/ ) 

59 BELTRAN / MARIA REYES / JUAN RAMON 

60 SANTIAGA PADRON GUADARRAMA 
ANDRES MORALES MACHIN (1 HIJO)CANDIDO (61) 

61 CANDIDO MORALES PADRON(12.02.1927/ ) 
CLOTILDE FERNANDEZ (CASADOS 11.08.1954) 

62 CANDIDA MARIA DE CANDELARIA GUADARRAMA LIMA(19.01.1892/ ) 

63 FRANCISCO GUADARRAMA ARMAS 
MARIA PADRON GONZALEZ (1 HIJO)JOSE DE CANDELARIA(06.01.1892/ ) 

64 MARIA RAMONA BENITEZ GUADARRAMA(25.01.2892/ ) 

65 MANUEL DE CANDELRIA PADRON GUADARRAMA(06.08.1892/ ) 

66 ANICETA DE CANDELARIA BENITEZ GUADARRAMA(17,04,1893/ ) 

67 NICOLASA MARIA DE LOS REMEDIOS GARCIA GUADARRAMA (10.09.1873/ ) 
HORACIO(ATANASIO)(ANTONIO) OLIBA JACIL (4 HIJOS) (67B) 

67B MARIA DE LAS MERCEDES(24.09.1894/ )/ADELAIDA (16.12.1900/)VICTORIANO(23.03.1897/ ) 
JUANA DE CANDELARIA(23.08.1888/ ) / ANTONIO VICTOR DE CANDELARIA(10.05.1891/ ) 

68 ENCARNACION BENITEZ GUADARRAMA(21.12.1894/ ) 

69 AGUSTIN DE CANDELARIA PADRON GUADARRAMA (21.07.1895/ ) 

70 BERNARDINA BRITO GUADARRAMA 
1 HIJA NATURAL - MARIA BRITO GUADARRAMA( 13.12.1895/ ) 

71 ANTONIA GUADARRAMA MENDEZ 
CAYETANO TORRES HERRERA - 1 HIJA - MARIA (71A) 

71A MARIA TORRES GUADARRAMA 
JUAN GUTIERREZ CASAÑAS-1 HIJA -GENARA ANTONIA GUTIERREZ TORRES(19.09.1895/ ) 

72 NORBERTA DE CANDELARIA ( 06.06.1885/ ) 

73 ADOLFO SILVESTRE CABRERA GARCIA(01.01.1929/ ) 
ANTONIA CELA ARMAS CASTAÑEDA (CASADOS 30.09.1957) 

74 ESPERANZA DE CANDELARIA BRITO GUADARRAMA (18.12.1895/ ) 

75 RAMON AGAPITO DE CANDELARIA BRITO GUADARRAMA (18.08.1888/ ) 

76 ADOLFO DE CANDELARIA GUADARRAMA PINO (08.11.1890/ ) 

77 JULIAN DE CANDELERIA GUADARRAMA LIMA (16.02.1876/ ) 

78 AMALIA DE CANDELARIA BRITO GUADARRAMA (04.03.1876/ ) 

TERMINADO EL DIA 14 DE ABRIL DEL 2005

Roberto José Pérez Guadarrama
rb. Trigal Norte, Avenida Del Antártico,
Conj. Red. Valle Escondido, Casa # 10,
Valencia, Edo. Carabobo, Venezuela 2001
Telf.: 58-0241-8432029
Cel: 04143403359
e-mail: perezfru@telcel.net.ve
e-mail: robertoperezguadarrama@hotmail.com

HISTORY

FAMILY HISTORY

GOOGLE

Google Gives the Library of Congress $3 million got 'digital library'

The donation to the Library of Congress will help support an effort to make more rare documents available online.

By Michael Liedtke, AP via Orange County Register, Nov. 22, 2005

San Francisco 'Google Inc. is giving $3 million to the U.S. Library of Congress to help set up a system for creating digital copies of rare documents from around the world - the latest step in Google's crusade to expand the amount of information that can be indexed by its Internet-leading search engine.

With the donation announced Tuesday, Google becomes the first business to back the "World Digital Library," a concept that began to take shape about five months ago.

The worldwide program is loosely modeled after the Library of Congress' American Memory project launched 11 years ago.

Backed with $48 million in private donations and a $15 million infusion from the federal government, the American Memory site at loc.gov/memory now has more than 10 million items, Including early maps of the United States as well as photos and letters from the Civil War.

Librarian of Congress James Billington now wants to create similar sites devoted to other cultures outside the United States and Europe.

Although nothing has been finalized, Billington envisions devoting large sections of the Digital Library to material from China, India and Islam.

"Much of this will be one-of-a-kind material that you won't be able to find anywhere else," Billington said during a Monday interview. "Getting the material out there (online) is really important. "We have already preserved a lot of material that might have perished in other hands.

Google co-founder Sergey Brin characterized the donation as no-brainer for his Mountain View-based company as it pursues its avowed mission "to organize the world's formation and make it universally accessible and useful." .

"This is a philanthropic initiative for us" Brin said during a Monday interview, "It is all about making more information available more people."  

Google's motives aren't entirely altruistic. Because Google makes most of its money from the ads that appear when Web surfers are searching for something, the company stands to profit whenever more material comes online.

Microsoft's project starts with non-copyrighted materials, but may expand.

Elizabeth Montalbano, IDG News Service, October 26, 2005
Sent by Johanna De Soto

Microsoft's MSN division plans to digitize and index for search copies of books and other printed material, and is joining an industry coalition to help them with this strategy, the company plans to reveal Wednesday.

The move comes as competitor Google is embroiled in a legal battle with publishers and authors over its library project, a plan to digitize and make library books available for indexing and search.

Microsoft MSN Wednesday will unveil MSN Book Search, which by the first half of 2006 will provide the capability to search books that are not under copyright, said Danielle Tiedt, general manager for search content acquisition for MSN. She said books published before 1923 are not subject to copyright in the U.S.

MSN also is in talks with both libraries and publishers to have copyrighted books indexed and available for search sometime next year, presumably in the second half, she said.

Microsoft also Wednesday will announce plans to join the Open Content Alliance (OCA), a group of companies that are building a digital archive of published materials that respect copyrights and will ensure no commercial company will own printed intellectual property, Tiedt said. Adobe, Hewlett-Packard, and Yahoo are among the OCA members.

The OCA will be digitally scanning the published material Microsoft plans to make available through MSN Book Search, she said.

At this point Microsoft is not planning to charge for searches of noncopyrighted materials once they are available. However, the company could charge fees for premium services involving searching the materials, such as collaborative services that let users share information they have found by performing searches, Tiedt said.

"For instance if you're viewing a page in the book, we can use the community assets through Messenger and Hotmail [to let users] talk about a page or a book online," she said.

The company plans to have a business model for copyright books, but is not sure at this time if searches of that material will be for a fee or free. That decision depends on whether there is enough interest from advertisers to support free searching of copyright materials, which is something Tiedt said she doubts.

"I personally don't believe [advertising] would be as effective as it would need to be to be the only business model," Tiedt said. "We're going to need to explore other business models to make it valuable for all parties along the value chain--publishers, libraries, authors, search providers."

Google's Rival Efforts

Last December Google launched Google Print Library Project, a project to scan all or portions of the library collections of the University of Michigan, Harvard University, Stanford University, The New York Public Library, and Oxford University and make them searchable on Google.

So far, the search company has been hit with two lawsuits over the project--one filed by the Association of American Publishers, and one filed by the Authors Guild and three individual writers--because it planned to allow for searches of copyright material without seeking permission from the publishers of that material.

Google in August temporarily halted the scanning of in-copyright library books until November 1 to give publishers an opportunity to let the company know which of their books they did and didn't want scanned.

Google also has a Google Print Publisher Program, in which it has deals with publishers to enable searches of copyright materials.

Note: PC World has a partnership agreement to provide content to MSN.

Orange County California Genealogical Society Newsletter
November 2005 Volume 39, Issue 11

The Godfrey memorial Library in Middletown, CT, claims to "offer more online digital documents, records, newspapers and books than any other library." It was founded in 1947 as a "...free public library of books, pamphlets, periodicals and other materials in the fields of American biography and genealogy and in cognate fields; to carry on and promote investigation and research in these fields and to publish the results thereof..."

Some of the data bases are free to the public, and others require you to become a "Godfrey Scholar," which costs $35 for a one-year membership. I tried the public area first as a guest and was so impressed that I became a Godfrey Scholar. As a Godfrey Scholar you have 24/7 access to:

• Complete US Censuses, 1790-1930;
• 26.000.000+ digital newspaper pages, every word searchable;
• 25.000 digital genealogies, local histories, etc., every word searchable;
• PERSI Index;
• 81.000+ Revolutionary War Pension Applications;
• Marquis Who's Who;
• Columbia International Gazetteer;
• Extensive African American resources;
• Extensive Irish resources, including Griffith's Evaluation;
• Scottish early book collection; and
• Early Mass. Pre-1850 published Vital Records.

Although the library is located in Connecticut, the newspaper collection represents all areas of the country ^including such well-known newspapers as:
New York Times (1851-2001);
Los Angeles Times (1881-1984);
Washington Post (1877-1988); and
Chicago Tribune (1860-current).

Other data bases include such items as birth, marriage and death records for various states, most of which are not complete. However, I was able to find the death date for my wife's great grandfather who died in Brainerd, Crow Wing Co, MN in 1921.

You may want to visit this site as a guest, and become a Godfrey Scholar if you decide that the data bases contain enough useful material to make it worthwhile. www.qodfrey.orQ

ARCHAEOLOGY

Letters from Arizona
http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/arizona/index.html

Northern Arizona is famous for its plentiful archaeological sites and natural wonders. Within an hour and a half of Flagstaff there are no less than six National Monuments, including Wupatki, Sunset Crater, Walnut Canyon, Montezuma Castle, Montezuma Well, and Tuzigoot. Also close by is Coconino National Forest, which is home base to archaeologist Peter Pilles, who knows this region as well as anybody. Join us for the next three months as we look over Peter's shoulder as he excavates at Elden Pueblo and carries out his duties as Forest Archaeologist for the Coconino National Forest. Check in for his weekly updates and be sure to ask him about his work and what it's like to be a Forest Service archaeologist in one of the country's richest archaeological landscapes.

We'll begin our adventure with the excavation season at Elden Pueblo, a 65-room pueblo with trash mounds, smaller pueblos, kiva, a large community room, and numerous pit houses that both pre-date and are contemporaneous with the main pueblo. It is the type site for the Elden Phase of the Northern Sinagua tradition (A.D. 1150-1250), although earlier and later components are also present. Pilles and the Elden Pueblo Archaeological Project aren't the first to dig here, that was the Smithsonian's Jesse Walter Fewkes back in 1926. Fewkes' excavation, and a later field school in the 1960s, have barely scratched the surface of what Elden has to offer.

The current work, which began in the 1980s, is a model of public participation in archaeology--those doing the excavations include volunteers through the Museum of Northern Arizona and the Arizona Archaeological Society, as well as the general public. Also engaged in the program are the Arizona Natural History Association, as well as the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office (Elden is recognized by the Hopi as an ancestral site). The new excavations are being undertaken to confirm data, collect new information, and stabilize the pueblo as a public archaelogy project. Recent work has revealed much about the construction sequence of the site, late Sinagua social organization, subsistence, and the role as a major trade center for the area. Possible evidence for a long-term eruptive sequence for Sunset Crater volcano is being found to examine new geological and archaeological interpretations for the region.

Florentine Codex 
Sent by John Inclan  fromgalveston@yahoo.com
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/florentine-codex-1.htm

Merry Christmas, Spanglish

 

T'was the night before 

T'was the night before Christmas and all through the CASA

Not a creature was stirring, CARAMABA QUE PASA?

The work was all done, and the tired old NANAS

Had tucked all the NINOS away in their CAMAS

Their stockings were hung in their place CON CUIDADO

In hopes that St. Nick would feel OBLIGADO

When all of a sudden, I heard such a GRITO

I jumped to my feet like a frightened CABRITO

I ran to the window to look PARA AFUERA

And who in the world do you think it ERA?

St. Nick in a sleigh and a big red SOMBRERO

Came flying along like a crazy BOMBERO

And pulling his sleigh instead of VENADOS

Were eight little burros, approaching VOLADOS

I watched as they came, and this quaint little HOMBRE

Was shouting and whistling and calling by NOMBRE

Ay PANCHO!  AY PEPE!  AYCUCA!  AY BETO!

Ay CHATO!  AY MEMO!  AY MARUCA Y NETO!

Then standing erect with his hand on this PECHA

He flew to the top of our very own TECHO

With his round little PARINCH like a bow of JALEA

He struggled to fit in our own CHIMINEA

Then huffing and puffing at last in our SALA

From  bags full of TRENANTS and toys from CHAPALA

He filled all the stockings with lovely REGALOS

For none of the children had been very MALOS

The chucking aloud, he seemed MUY CONTENTO

He turned like a flash, and was gone like the VIENTO

But I heard him exclaim---and this is VERDAD

"SALUD Y *PESETAS! FELIZ  NAVIDAD

*peseta is a monetary unit of Spain, Webster's Worldwide Dictionary  English/Spanish

Sent by Jeanne Moody  jeannemoody1@mac.com