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United States |
Latino Patriots Early Latino Patriots Surnames Cuentos Family History Orange County, CA Los Angeles, CA California Northwestern US Southwestern US Middle America Texas |
Mexico
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"Memory is a moral obligation, all the time." - J. Derrida |
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Letters to the Editor
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Hi Ms. Lozano!
A friend sent me the link to your 'Somos Primos' publication and I would
so appreciate it if you could add me to the monthly notification email
list.
It is wonderful to have a resource such as yours and I have enjoyed
reading the articles. I am a Genealogist who is still learning and I
have found It very challenging at times to research Spanish genealogy
from the United States. I live in Nashville, TN and am researching
Galicia, Spain, Cuba, Islas Canarias / Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
Thanks for making this publication available to so many Spanish family
descendants.
Blessings, Marilyn Poole
mpoole78@gmail.com
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"Mending the Nation" by John McNaughton PBS Series"Latino Americans, Six-Hour Documentary Features, Premieres Fall 2013 Save the date: NCLR National Conference, July 20-23, New Orleans, LA American History: Moving Map: "Growth of a Nation" Song: "God Bless America" Changing Process of Awarding Highest Medal Hispanic Breaking Barriers by Mercy Bautista-Olvera Tony Santiago Receives Recognition from the Wikimedia Foundation Robert Renteria to Receive Two Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Awards 11 States Now have More People on Welfare than they do Employed! Distribution of Foreign Aid is Very Complicated Entitlements US Companies Layoffs and Closings, & Layoffs, Dec 28 thru Jan 7 Wal-Mart Business Know How |
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"Mending the Nation" by John McNaughton |
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Landmark Six-Hour Documentary Features Interviews with Nearly 100
Latinos |
Benjamin Bratt, narrator Credit: Matt Carr/Getty Images PASADENA, CA; JANUARY 14, 2013 — Today at the Television Critics Association meeting, PBS announced actor Benjamin Bratt will narrate LATINO AMERICANS, a landmark three-part, six-hour documentary series that is set to air nationally on PBS in the fall of 2013. It is the first major documentary series for television to chronicle the rich and varied history and experiences of Latinos, who have helped shape the United States over the last 500-plus years and have become, with more than 50 million people, the largest minority group in the U.S. Bratt, the son of a Peruvian mother and a German-English father, and a multi-award winner for his work on television’s “Law & Order” and in such films as Pinero and Traffic, will narrate LATINO AMERICANS, which is led by Emmy Award-winning series producer Adriana Bosch. A team of filmmakers will document the evolution of a new “Latino American” identity from the 1500s to the present day, with interviews with close to 100 Latinos from the worlds of politics, business and pop culture, as well as deeply personal portraits of Latinos who lived through key chapters in American history. “It is time the Latino American history be told,” said Bosch, a Cuban-born filmmaker whose previous PBS projects include LATIN MUSIC U.S.A. and documentaries for the series AMERICAN EXPERIENCE on Presidents Dwight Eisenhower, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan and Cuban leader Fidel Castro. “Latinos are an integral part of the U.S., and this series shares the stories of a rich collection of people coming from so many different countries and backgrounds. It is the story of Latinos, and it is the story of America.” LATINO AMERICANS features interviews with an array of individuals, including entertainer Rita Moreno, the Puerto Rican star of West Side Story and a winner of Academy, Tony, Grammy and Emmy Awards; labor leader and 2012 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient Dolores Huerta, who in the 1960s co-founded with César Chávez the National Farm Workers Association, which later became United Farm Workers of America; Mexican-American author and commentator Linda Chávez, who became the highest-ranking woman in the Reagan White House; and Cuban singer and entrepreneur Gloria Estefan, who has sold more than 100 million solo and Miami Sound Machine albums globally. Interview subjects also include journalist María Elena Salinas, co-anchor of “Noticiero Univision,” the nightly newscast most watched by American Latinos; columnist Juan Gonzalez, author of Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America and co-founder of the Young Lords Organization, a Puerto Rican nationalist movement; Rep. Charles Gonzalez, a retired Texas congressman who from 1999-2012 served in the House of Representatives for the district that his father, Henry B. Gonzalez, represented for nearly four decades; and Herman Badillo, the Bronx politician who, in 1970, became the first Puerto Rican elected to the House of Representatives and ran six times for Mayor of New York. The diversity of the Latino American experience is reflected in both the on-camera interview subjects and the filmmaking staff. The production team, most of who are Latino Americans, includes individuals who are of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Salvadoran and Dominicans heritage, among others. In addition to Bratt as the narrator, award-winning composer and classical guitarist Joseph Julián González will compose the musical score for LATINO AMERICANS, and the acclaimed singer-songwriter Lila Downs will serve as the featured artist for the series, performing the closing song in LATINO AMERICANS. González has scored films and television programs for more than 20 years. Of Mexican farm laborer origins in California’s Central Valley, González has worked with symphonies around the world and artists as varied as Quentin Tarantino, Britney Spears and Slash, and conducted orchestras at Carnegie Hall and the Sydney Opera House. “I’m excited to create the score for this series,” González said. “It’s an important project to be a part of, and it allows me to draw on the multi-faceted musical heritages of many cultures, much like the history told in LATINO AMERICANS.” Downs, born in Oaxaca, Mexico, began performing traditional Mexican rancheras as a girl, and singing with mariachis.She has toured the world and released seven studio albums with songs in Spanish, English and several native Mexican languages, and is the winner of two Latin Grammy Awards and other industry recognition. “The importance of music as a form of cultural expression to Latinos cannot be understated,” Downs said. “It’s a privilege to have our music be a part of this series, building on that rich tradition.” LATINO AMERICANS relies on historical accounts and personal experiences to vividly tell the stories of early settlement, conquest and immigration; of tradition and reinvention; of anguish and celebration; and of the creation of this new American identity with an influx of arrivals from Mexico, Spain, Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic and countries in Central and South America. The series is broken into the following six chronological segments that cover the 1500s to the present day: 1. “Strangers in Their Own Land” (w.t.) spans the period from 1500-1880, as the first Spanish explorers enter North America, the U.S. expands into territories in the Southwest that had been home to Native Americans and English and Spanish colonies, and as the Mexican-American War strips Mexico of half its territories by 1848. 2. “The Pull and the Push” (w.t.) documents how the American population begins to be reshaped by the influx of people that began in 1880 and continues into the 1940s, as Cubans, Mexicans and Puerto Ricans begin arriving in the U.S. and start to build strong Latino-American communities in South Florida, Los Angeles and New York. 3. “War and Peace” (w.t.) moves into the World War II years and those that follow, as Latino Americans serve their new country by the hundreds of thousands — but still face discrimination and a fight for civil rights. 4. “The New Latinos” (w.t.) highlights the swelling immigration from Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Dominican Republic that stretches from the post-World War II years into the early 1960s as the new arrivals seek economic opportunities. 5. “Pride and Prejudice” (w.t.) details the creation of the proud “Chicano” identity, as labor leaders organize farm workers in California, and as activists push for better education opportunities for Latinos, the inclusion of Latino studies and empowerment in the political process. 6. “Peril and Promise” (w.t.) takes viewers through the past 30 years, with a second wave of Cubans arriving in Miami during the Mariel exodus and with hundreds of thousands Salvadorans, Nicaraguans and Guatemalans fleeing civil wars, death squads and unrest to go north into a new land — transforming the United States along the way. The debate over undocumented immigrants flares up, with a backlash that eventually includes calls for tightened borders, English-only laws and efforts to brand undocumented immigrants as felons. Simultaneously, the Latino influence is booming in music, sports, media, politics and entertainment. The largest and youngest growing sector of the American population, Latino Americans will determine the success of the United States in the 21st century. Beyond the Broadcast LATINO AMERICANS will be supported by a major bilingual public education campaign, a bilingual website with user-generated digital content, social media platforms and the development of a school-based curriculum. The production team will work with local public broadcasting stations and other groups and organizations to engage the public in the themes and history featured in the series. LATINO AMERICANS will also include a companion book by Ray Suarez, Senior Correspondent for PBS NEWSHOUR. The book will be published by Celebra, an imprint of Penguin Group (USA), and will be released in conjunction with the broadcast premiere. LATINO AMERICANS is a production of WETA Washington, DC; Bosch and Co., Inc.; and Latino Public Broadcasting (LPB). The series executive producers are Jeff Bieber and Dalton Delan for WETA, and Sandie Viquez Pedlow for LPB. The series producer is Adriana Bosch. The supervising producer is Salme Lopez. The producers are Nina Alvarez, Dan McCabe, Ray Telles and John Valadez. The associate producers are Sabrina Avilés, Yvan Iturriaga and Monika Navarro. For the re-enactment sequences, the producer is Cathleen O’Connell and the directors are David Belton and Sonia Fritz. Major funding for LATINO AMERICANS is provided by Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), Ford Foundation, National Endowment for the Humanities, The Rockefeller Foundation, The Arthur Vining Davis Foundations, Latino Public Broadcasting (LPB) and The Summerlee Foundation. ### Sent by Juan Marinez marinezj@msu.edu |
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SAVE THE DATE |
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| The 2013 NCLR Annual Conference, with over fifty
workshops along 11 different topic tracks, four town halls, five key
meal events including the Latinas Brunch and the NCLR Awards Gala, and
multiple networking events is poised to be our biggest Conference yet!
At the same time, NCLR is excited to bring the National Latino Family
Expo® to New Orleans, a free event for everyone in the
community. The National Latino Family Expo is the ideal family fair that
offers educational experiences for every member of the household as well
as the most cutting-edge games, prizes, live entertainment, product
samples, health screenings, and more at various themed pavilions. Join
us for four incredible days in New Orleans, LA, July 20–23 at the
Morial Convention Center! http://www.nclr.org/index.php/events/nclr_annual_conference-1/
Somos Primos is happy to announce that we will have a booth at at the 2013 at NCLR National Latino Family Expo® . If you live in the New Orleans area, we would really appreciate help in manning the booth. It is quite an encouragement for residents to see locals that have done their family history research. There is no cost. The Latino Family Expo is open to the public for free. Just let me know what days and hours you are available. I guarantee you will have fun. Bring your family history to share. You might find a cousin. mimilozano@aol.com
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This “moving” map of the country, showing it from the beginning of the 13 states and going through the present.
It includes the acquisitions from England and Spain, the Slave states, the Free states, a segment on the Civil war, it includes some mentions of Central and South America, etc. Click on each State for further info. One of the things I especially liked was showing the Indian Nations as they were during the Indian Wars: Modac, Miwok, Mujave, Nez Perce, Flat Head, Crow, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Navajo, Apache, Dakota, Sioux, Kiowa, Wichita and Comanche. I know you'll enjoy this site, especially if you enjoy American history, but have forgotten a lot of what was learned in school. Turn on your sound, as the narration is a significant portion of the presentation. The presentation is 10 minutes and well worth the time, very clear visuals. Click on the next line... (When it opens, do not click on Go at the bottom ..... click on Play at the top.) http://www.animatedatlas.com/movie.html Sent by Bill Carmena JCarm1724@aol.com |
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SONG: "GOD BLESS AMERICA" |
The link below will take you to a video showing the very first public singing of "GOD BLESS AMERICA". But before you watch, you should also know the story of the song. The time was 1940. America was still in a terrible economic depression. Hitler was taking over Europe and Americans were afraid we'd have to go to war. It was a time of hardship and worry for most Americans. This was the era just before TV, when radio shows were HUGE, and American families sat around their radios in the evenings, listening to their favorite entertainers, and no entertainer of that era was bigger than Kate Smith. Kate was also large in size, and the popular phrase still used today is in deference to her, "Ain't over till the fat lady sings". Kate Smith might not have made it big in the age of TV, but with her voice coming over the radio, she was the biggest star of her time. Kate was also very patriotic. It hurt her to see Americans so depressed and afraid of what the next day would bring. She had hope for America, and faith in her fellow Americans. She wanted to do something to cheer them up, so she went to the famous American song-writer, Irving Berlin (also wrote "White Christmas") and asked him to write a song that would make Americans feel good again about their country. When she described what she was looking for, he said he had just the song for her. He went to his files and found a song that he had written, but never published, 22 years before - way back in 1917. He gave it to Kate Smith and she worked on it with her studio orchestra. She and Irving Berlin were not sure how the song would be received by the public, but both agreed they would not take any profits from God Bless America. Any profits would go to the Boy Scouts of America. Over the years, the Boy Scouts have received millions of dollars in royalties from this song. This video starts out with Kate Smith coming into the radio studio with the orchestra and an audience. She introduces the new song for the very first time, and starts singing. After the first couple verses, with her voice in the background still singing, scenes are shown from the 1940 movie, "You're In The Army Now." At the 4:20 mark of the video you see a young actor in the movie, sitting in an office, reading a paper; it's Ronald Reagan. Frank Sinatra considered Kate Smith the best singer of her time, and said when he and a million other guys first heard her sing "God Bless America" on the radio, they all pretended to have dust in their eyes as they wiped away a tear or two. To this day, God Bless America stirs our patriotic feelings and pride in our country. Back in 1940, when Kate Smith went looking for a song to raise the spirits of her fellow Americans, I doubt she realized just how successful the results would be for her fellow Americans during those years of hardship and worry, and for many generations of Americans to follow. Now that you know the story of the song, I hope you will enjoy it and treasure it even more. NOW HERE IS HOW "GOD BLESS AMERICA" SHOULD BE SUNG! http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?feature=player_embedded&v=TnQDW-NMaRs#! |
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CHANGING PROCESS OF AWARDING HIGHEST MEDAL |
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Peralta case an example of modern methods interfering with witness
accounts, vets say |
When it comes to the Medal of Honor, the nation's highest award for battlefield bravery, the standard has long been the same: Two eyewitnesses. San Diego Marine Sgt. Rafael Peralta had seven eye witnesses. His nomination, though, was rejected earlier this month by the Pentagon for the second time in four years, raising questions about whether modern sensibilities - CSI meets G.I. Joe - will forever alter how combat heroes are evaluated and rewarded. On one hand are the witnesses, who reported seeing Peralta, already on the ground with a gunshot wound to the head, pull a live grenade to his body and shield his squad mates from the blast during combat with insurgents in Fallujah. On the other hand are forensic experts who doubt whether he could have consciously smothered the grenade and say the evidence shows it exploded next to his body, not under. The two sides can't both be right. The ongoing debate has riled some active and retired military, who see the Peralta decision as bureaucrats mucking with a time-tested, boots-on-the-ground culture that inherently trusts the word of those who were there. "It's such a travesty," said Doug Sterner, a Vietnam-era Army veteran who now runs "Home of the Heroes," a combat-valor website. "I don't know what business a pathologist has deciding who gets the Medal of Honor." Some also see the decision as part of a troubling pattern that has brought comparatively few of the top medals to service members fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan - 10 in 10 years. World War II, by contrast, resulted in 467 medals in four years, although it also had about 16 times as many Americans fighting in it. "The urban warfare they're doing over there is some of the most difficult combat there is," said retired Marine Col. Robert Modrzejewski, a Tierrasanta resident who received the Medal of Honor for actions in Vietnam in 1966. "It seems to me there should have been a lot more Medals of Honor by now." To other observers, the case may be an example of the combat-valor process catching up with the outside world, where a wide body of research and a string of criminal-case exonerations have challenged the reliability of eyewitness testimony. "Combat is extremely stressful, and in extremely stressful situations, eyewitnesses - even multiple eyewitnesses - can make mistakes," said Elizabeth Loftus, a UC Irvine professor and a leading expert on memory. 'An unselfish act' Peralta, 25, wasn't supposed to be part of the eight-man Marine squad going house-to-house in Fallujah on Nov. 15, 2004, searching for insurgents. The platoon scout volunteered because the squad was short-handed. At about 8:30 a.m., moving through their seventh house of the day, they pushed open a door to a backroom and were greeted by muzzle flashes. The Marines shot back. Caught in the crossfire, Peralta went down, shot accidentally behind the left ear by a round - possibly a ricochet - from a Marine's M-16. According to other Marines who were there, the insurgents fled, but not before tossing a fragmentation grenade through the doorway. The Marines said it landed near Peralta's head, and he reached over and pulled it to his body. When it exploded, it wasn't as loud as it usually is, buttressing the idea that it had been smothered, several of the Marines reported. Three were injured by the shrapnel. When they went to check on Peralta, he was dead. A piece of the grenade fuse was embedded in his flak jacket. Almost immediately, efforts began to memorialize the slain sergeant's actions. "As soon as we were done fighting that day, I sat down with all my guys and we had a moment of silence," Sgt. Nicholas Jones said in a 2007 U-T interview. "I told them, 'Don't ever forget what just happened. Don't forget what he did for us. It's something that will be in the history books.'?" The Marines wrote statements about what they saw and did. "Sgt. Peralta saved a lot of lives by taking as much of the blast from the grenade as he could," one of them wrote. "If Sgt. Peralta was still alive," wrote another, "I would thank him a million times. It was an unselfish act. He didn't have to do what he did but he loved us." There were some discrepancies in the eyewitness accounts. Several said Peralta pulled in the grenade with his right hand; some said it was his left. Some said he fell with his right cheek resting on the ground; others said it was his left. But Loftus, the memory expert, said differences in the "peripheral details" are common in highly stressful situations like combat, traffic accidents and violent crimes. What's more important to consider, she said, is whether the seven Marines who reported seeing Peralta grab the grenade arrived at their accounts independently. Did they share impressions in the immediate aftermath, inadvertently contaminating each other's stories? Her research and that of others has shown how malleable the memory is - and, in certain cases, how wrong it can be. DNA testing has cleared dozens of people convicted of crimes based largely on eyewitness testimony that turned out to be false. In the Peralta case, there was a suggestion by one Marine that a sergeant had pressured the others into adopting the grenade story, according to the medal-nomination paperwork. The sergeant was interviewed and denied leaning on the others. Investigators "found nothing to corroborate" the allegation. The nomination made its way through the process, approved by the Marine commandant and the secretary of the Navy. And then it was sent to the Pentagon. 'Margin of doubt' Earning a Medal of Honor, according to military regulations, requires an act of personal bravery or self-sacrifice that is conspicuously above and beyond the call of duty. It has to involve the risk of death. Historically, smothering a grenade qualifies. The evidence is supposed to be incontestable, with "no margin of doubt," and that's where Peralta's nomination ran into trouble. The medical examiner who did the autopsy questioned whether the head wound rendered Peralta incapable of recognizing and reaching for the grenade. The Marines, though, had statements from two Naval neurosurgeons and a Naval neurologist in San Diego who said that despite his injury, Peralta could have done what the witnesses said he did. There were also questions about where the grenade was when it exploded, with the autopsy indicating it was probably a couple of feet to the left of Peralta's left knee, not under his body. To which the Marines asked: If that was true, how come the others in the house weren't more seriously injured? Concerned about the contradictory evidence, then-Defense Secretary Robert Gates appointed an independent, five-person panel to vet the case. Lt. Cmdr. Nate Christensen, a Defense Department spokesman, said outside analysts are used on a variety of issues to assist the secretary. But it's apparently the first time one has been convened for a Medal of Honor nomination. The panel included a retired commanding general from the Iraq War; a civilian neurosurgeon and two civilian forensic pathologists, all retired military; and a retired Army helicopter pilot who received the Medal of Honor during the Vietnam War. According to a Pentagon "information paper" on the panel, each member reviewed the medical reports and eyewitness accounts and interviewed various experts before independently concluding that the evidence did not support giving Peralta the medal. Among their findings: There was no discernible "star pattern" of burning on the flak jacket or gear vest, indicating the grenade was some distance away when it detonated. There were fragmentation injuries to Peralta's arms, hands, legs and face, but none to his internal organs. The gunshot injury to the brain probably left Peralta unconscious and at least partially blind, and the absence of bleeding in certain areas of his head indicates he was dead before the grenade went off. "None of these findings in isolation precludes the possibility that Sgt. Peralta performed a heroic action," according to the information paper. "However, the totality of the medical evidence clearly places a 'margin of doubt' on his neurological ability to perform this voluntary act." But forensic science, like eyewitness testimony, has its limitations. Not every pathologist agrees on what the evidence says - a fact familiar to anyone who has watched high-profile murder trials and their parades of dueling experts. After Gates denied Peralta the Medal of Honor in 2008 - he was awarded the Navy Cross instead - an attorney representing the slain Marine's family asked Vincent Di Maio, the former chief medical examiner of San Antonio, to review the case. His conclusion: Peralta grabbed the grenade. "No vital area such as the brain stem and basal ganglia were injured," he wrote. "Unless a vital area is injured, one should be extremely careful in giving the opinion that an individual was absolutely unable to perform an action." A precedent? Rep. Duncan Hunter, a former Marine who has been pushing for four years for Peralta to get the Medal of Honor, said he has heard from military leaders concerned about what the process used in this case says about the future. "When you take the burden of proof off the eyewitnesses who are there in theater, in combat, in the room, literally in this case the men whose lives were saved - when you take that away and say let's put it to a panel back here in the States, that's not a good thing," Hunter said. "The people who are fearful of what this may portend are former combat guys. They have four stars on their collars. They are worried about what this means for the award process when you can second-guess the guys in theater - not just second-guess, but disprove through a panel what they say happened." Christensen, the Pentagon spokesman, said no precedent has been set. "Each case must be evaluated on its own merit," he said. "The fact that this case included an independent review infers no change in the way Medal of Honor packages will be reviewed in the future." He added, "Two separate secretaries of defense (first Gates, then Leon Panetta) have now personally reviewed the case, clearly showing that the decision process is not taken lightly." Hunter said he plans to ask President Barack Obama to intervene next year. There's a precedent for that. When Jimmy Carter was in the White House, he overruled the Pentagon and awarded the Medal of Honor to Anthony Casamento for actions 38 years earlier on Guadalcanal during World War II. The military had recommended the Navy Cross, arguing that Casamento lacked what has long been the standard for the top award: eyewitnesses. They had all died in combat. john.wilkens@utsandiego.com Sent by Gus Chavez guschavez2000@yahoo.com |
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Ted
Cruz
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Last
November Ted Cruz was elected to the U.S. Senate for the state of Texas. Rafael Edward “Ted” Cruz is a Cuban American. He was born in Calgary, Canada, his parents Rafael Ruiz and Eleanor Darrah worked in the petroleum business in Canada. His parents returned to Houston, Texas, when Ted was four years old. Cruz’
father came to United States after fighting in the Cuban Revolution. His
mother Eleanor, an American was raised in a family of Irish and Italian
descent, in Delaware. He
is married to Heidy Nelson, the couple have two daughters; Caroline and
Catherine. Cruz’ wife, currently works for the Investment Management
Division of Goldman, Sachs & Co. She previously worked in the White
House for former U.S. Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice. |
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Cruz attended high school at Faith West Academy in Katy, Texas and graduated from Second Baptist High School in Houston. In 1992, he earned a Bachelor of Arts Degree from Princeton University and in 1995, a Jurist Degree, magna cum laude, from Harvard Law School. Cruz
served as law clerk to William Rehnquist, Chief Justice of the United
States and J. Michael Luttig of the United States Court of Appeals for
the Fourth Circuit. He was the first Hispanic to clerk for a Chief
Justice of the United States. During
the George W. Bush administration campaign, Cruz served as Domestic
Policy Advisor. In a 1999, “Newsweek” magazine issue Cruz was selected as one of the “20 Young Hispanic Americans on the Rise”, and in a 2008 issue of “National Law Journal” as one of the “50 Most Influential Minority Lawyers in America.” From 2004 to 2009, Cruz served as an Adjunct Professor of Law at the University of Texas School of Law in Austin, Texas. He taught U. S. Supreme Court litigation. From
2003 to May 2008, Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott appointed Cruz to
serve as Solicitor General. He was the first Hispanic Solicitor General
in Texas, the youngest and the longest tenure in Texas. Cruz
previously served as the Director of the Office of Policy Planning at
the Federal Trade Commission, and an Associate Deputy Attorney General
at the United States Department of Justice On
November 14, 2012, Cruz was appointed Vice-chairman of the National
Republican Senatorial Committee. |
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Marie
Lopez- Rogers
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After a vote at the National League of Cities
(NLC) annual conference in Boston, Massachusetts Marie Lopez-Rogers, the
mayor of Avondale, Arizona, (Maricopa County) was named president
of the National League of Cities, the organization which seeks to help
city leaders build better communities. Lopez-Rogers,
is the first Latina in history to lead the organization, and the second
Latino since former San Antonio Mayor, Henry Cisneros in 1986.
Lopez-Rogers is married and the mother of
three sons, and grandmother of six children. Marie Lopez-Rogers spent her
childhood growing up in labor camps and picking cotton alongside her
migrant farm worker parents and grandparents in the Arizona desert. It
was in those cotton fields that Marie's father would tell her, 'If you
don't want to be working in this heat, you better stay in school” and
she did. |
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From 2001 to 2003 she served in the National
League of Cities Board of Directors and was elected as the
organization’s Second Vice President in 2010. In July 2011, President Obama
brought Lopez-Rogers up as example of the American Dream while
addressing the National Council of La Raza’s annual conference in
Washington D.C. President Obama stated, "because
of the tireless, backbreaking work of her parents, because of their
willingness to struggle and sacrifice so that one day their children
wouldn't have to, Marie became the first in her family to go to
college, and, interestingly, she now works at the very site where she
used to pick cotton, except now City Hall sits there and Marie is the
town's mayor." The National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed
Officials (NALEO) also lauded Lopez Rogers for understanding what can be
accomplished through hard work. In her speech Lopez-Rogers stated: "I am
deeply honored to be chosen to help lead NLC for the coming year."
She further stated in a written statement. "There has never been a
more important time for our nation's cities and towns. Our communities
are constantly evolving and we as leaders must be increasingly more
innovative, flexible, and resourceful.” The National League of Cities’ announcement
about her selection stated, “In the yearlong post of president,
Lopez-Roger’s duties will include shaping the organization's agenda
and overseeing advocacy and other NLC activities.” Lopez-Rogers was recently elected to lead the
Maricopa Association of Governments (the
regional planning agency for the Maricopa region). “One important priority will be for us to
identify the corridor’s key economic drivers and find ways to grow
those opportunities,” stated Lopez-Rogers after she was named new head
of the Association. “One key area of focus for us will be working to
improve our trade relations with Mexico and Canada and enhance the flow
of commerce into Arizona.”
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Bob
Archuleta
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Mayor Pro Tem and City Council member Bob Archuleta of
Pico Rivera, California has been appointed by President Obama to serve
as board member in the United States Military Academy Board of Visitors.
He is married with five children, and has seven
grandchildren. He is a proud father of two sons who have graduated from
West Point. His son Brandon graduated as class President of 2005, and is
currently serving as captain in the U.S. Army. His son Mathew graduated
as Vice President, class of 2010, and is currently serving as a 1st
Lieutenant in the U.S. Army. From 1953 to 1966, Bob Archuleta served in the Army. He
was a reserve Police Officer with the Montebello Police Department
(1988-1998). He is a former Vietnam veteran who served
with the 82nd Airborne Division. He has continued to
represent the interests of millions of veterans throughout Los Angeles
County and around the nation. |
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Archuleta attended Rio Hondo College and graduated from
the College Police Academy. In March 2007, Archuleta was elected to the
Pico Rivera City Council. This was his first elected local government
position. For 17 years, Archuleta has served as a Los Angeles County
Commissioner of Military Veteran’s Affairs and currently holds the
position of commission Chairman. He also served as chairman of the U.S.
Small Business Administration Advisory Committee on Veterans Business
affairs. Currently Archuleta is the Director of Business development and
Operations with Prudential California Realty and board member with the
Montebello Board of Realtors. Pico Rivera Mayor Pro Tem Bob Archuleta regularly emceed
the Dignity Memorial Vietnam Wall Ceremonies at the Rose Hills Cemetery
in Whittier, California. Congresswoman Grace Flores Napolitano, (38th District) was
pleased to announce, in conjunction with President Barrack Obama, the
appointment of Bob J. Archuleta to the United States Military Academy
Board of Visitors. “I commend the President for recognizing such a
respected leader of our community. Bob’s dedication to recruiting our
brightest youngsters, and continued leadership for our veterans will be
a welcome addition to the Board of Visitors. I congratulate Bob and with
him much success in his new role.” In his acceptance speech Bob Archuleta stated: “I am so
proud, and honored to be selected as a presidential appointee. I receive
it on behalf of all the veterans of our nation and the men and women
serving our country today. I’m looking forward to working with the
President and his Administration to improve the education and training
at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point.” He further stated, “I
would like to thank everyone who supported me in this appointment. I
thank God for the opportunity to serve our country and the U.S. Military
Academy at West Point.” The Board of Visitors is an oversight board comprised of
15 individuals, four U.S. Senators, five U.S. Representatives, and six
individuals who are personally appointed by the President. The Board
makes recommendations on the operations of the Military Academy,
including curriculum, morale, equipment, fiscal affairs, and all other
matters related to the academy. Archuleta is the first Hispanic-American
to be appointed to the prestigious Board of Visitors since its inception
in 1972. Archuleta is the recipient of a “Congressional Recognition” Award, and has received proclamations for his service to the nation’s veterans from the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. His efforts have also been acknowledged by the Vietnam Veterans of America, Brothers of Vietnam, the Hispanic Airborne Association, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the 11th Airborne Division Association.
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Joseph
K. Cervantes
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Joseph
K. Cervantes was elected as New Mexico State Senator. Joseph
K. Cervantes was born in Las Cruces, New Mexico. He and his wife
Jennifer; have three
daughters; Alexandra, Isabella, and Juliana. In
1983, Cervantes earned a Bachelor’s Degree of Art Degree from the
University of New Mexico. In 1985, he earned a Master’s Degree in
Architecture from California Polytechnic University, and in 1991, a
Jurist Doctorate from the University of New Mexico. In
1988, Cervantes was elected as National Delegate for the Democratic
National Convention. In 1991, Cervantes worked for Modrall Sperling
Roehl Harris & Sisk Law firm in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In 1998,
Cervantes was first elected to public office to serve as County
Commissioner, and in 2000, he served as State Democrat Party Treasurer. |
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In
2001, Cervantes was appointed to the U.S. House of Representing, New
Mexico’s 52nd District, and re-elected in five successive
campaigns through 2012 and Congress
was appointed as Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, Vice
Chairman of the House rules Committee, and Chairman of the Interim Water
& Natural Resources committee. Cervantes is a member of the New
Mexico State Bar, the ABA Litigation Section and is a former member of
the Inn of Courts. In
2012, Cervantes announced he would seek the New Mexico Senate seat
vacated by the retirement of state Senator Cynthia Nava. In
his 20 year career Cervantes has become an accomplished business owner,
and lawyer representing hundreds of cases before the state’s Supreme
Court and the Court of Appeals. |
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Jessie
Ulibarri
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Jessie
Ulibarri is the newly elected Colorado State Senator for the 2nd
District. Born
in Commerce City, Colorado, and raised in Denver, Colorado. He
is a 3rd generation Adams County resident, and a working dad raising two
kids. “I know the struggles facing our community. I have worked in
nonprofit advocacy for the last decade, advancing economic policies that
build opportunity for all people in Colorado and I want to continue that
work in the State Senate,” stated Ulibarri. Jessie
has a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Spanish (business
translation/interpretation), and Ethnic Studies from the University of
Colorado at Boulder. He served as a Legislative Director of the Colorado
University Student Union. |
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Ulibarri
has served for the Joint Voluntary Agency (JVA) for 11years, nonprofit
management organizations to provide the highest level of service. He
worked with the organization helping with their needs and offers
suggestions for growth. He also provides training and capacity building
related to nonprofit advocacy, civic engagement, community organizing,
and strategic communication. From
2010 to 2011 Jessie Ulibarri served as Public Policy Director for the
American Civil Liberties Union. He has also served as a board member for
One Colorado’s Political Action Committee, the Colorado Latino Forum,
and the Colorado Democratic Party’s State Central Committee. Ulibarri
states that “the top issues are Building economic self-sufficiency for
all Colorado residents, enhancing educational opportunities and
reforming our state Constitutional fiscal policies,” stated Ulibarri. Ulibarri
previously served as the chair of the Board for Colorado Progressive
Coalition. He is a member of the board for Colorado Jobs with Justice,
the Community Relations Advisory Board for the city and county of
Denver.
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Wikipedia has provided me with a tool to help.
Actually, it was my son who first got me interested in Wikipedia; I
helped him on a few articles, and then I started writing my own. To
date, I've authored more than 600 articles on Puerto Rican statesmen,
religious leaders, political activists, business people, visual artists,
military figures, inventors and more. When I was younger, I used to wonder with my
friends why some of us Boricua had Irish and Italian last names. It
didn’t make sense. Then I did some research and I found out about
immigration in the 19th century to Puerto Rico, so I shared that
knowledge on Wikipedia. One of my articles has been viewed more than 14,000
times in the past 30 days. When I think about the hundreds and
thousands of people reading and learning, it makes me proud of my work
on Wikipedia. I feel like I'm making a difference. I hear from people, too. I've received so many
letters from students and college professors. I've been consulted for
documentaries. I was recognized in a speech by Luis Fortuño, the
Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico before the United States Congress
(now the governor of Puerto Rico). I even met a former president of the
United States! It’s just me in front of the computer — think about
that! But to be honest, I write for the love of it. For the love of my
people, and for the love of writing. On Wikipedia, you've got to present a balanced view
in your article. You can't be biased, and you can only use reliable
sources. Wikipedia helps people get to the truth of things. I can appreciate this. I'm a father, and a
grandfather. I hope Wikipedia will give my children and grandchildren a
chance to use what they've learned, and to make this world a better
one. Thank you, Tony Santiago Find out how you can contribute, go
to: http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Thank_You/Tony_Santiago |
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| Chicago Civic Leader Robert Renteria to Receive Two, Distinguished Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Awards Illinois civic leader, Robert Renteria has been selected to receive two Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., awards for excellence in his work in anti-violence education, youth initiatives and community change. Renteria will be honored by Reverend Jesse Jackson's coalition, PUSH Excel on January 15, 2013 at 8 a.m. at the UIC Forum, 725 W. Roosevelt Road, Chicago, Illinois. On Saturday, January 26, 2013, he is scheduled to receive his second Dr. King award from Chicago's Illinois Commission on Diversity and Human Relations (ICDHR). The event will take place at Chicago Hilton and Towers, 720 S. Michigan Avenue at 7 p.m. PUSH Excel and the Illinois Commission on Diversity and Human Relations cite community leadership and diversity as major characteristics of their respective recipients. Robert Renteria is said to be the first Latino to be the recipient of two prestigious Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., awards at the national level for many selfless accomplishments. He has been instrumental in expanding youth and anti-violence initiatives while contributing to the work of many other proponents. He is also being recognized for his effectiveness to transcend culture by reaching youth from different backgrounds and countries. The civic leader is also the author of the “2012 Best Graphic Novel”, Mi Barrio. His inspirational and hard-hitting comic book addresses youth issues in Latin America, Spain and the United States. "Robert Renteria has been noticed and as a staunch believer in education," stated Michero B. Washington, President of the Illinois Commission on Diversity and Human Relations. "He is joining a list of illustrious leaders throughout the country, and based upon your work in education and community change, we will be honoring him with the Martin Luther King, Jr., Excellence in Educational Leadership and Reform. Dr. King would be proud." Renteria addresses youth issues through his Barrio Foundation and uses Barrio book series and school-based and faith-based curricula to inspire, motivate and teach teens and at-risk youth how to make better choices. He says the Barrio movement will help to change the landscape by offering The Barrio Project’s effective teaching tools. His books and comprehensive non-generic bilingual programs have impacted hundreds of thousands of youth across America and in 14 other countries. "We're honoring Robert Renteria at this historic occasion because of the outstanding civil and human rights work he has done in the tradition of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr." -PUSH Excel Organization "I am truly humbled. It is a great honor to receive two awards from two prestigious organizations. Our kids are victims to broken systems," stated Renteria. "The Barrio Movement is helping to change the landscape for youth across America by offering Barrio as teaching tools. A large part of our mission is social emotional learning. “I am throwing down the gauntlet and am calling on community leaders, politicians and corporations to help the Barrio Foundation exchange From the Barrio to the Classroom and the Barrio books for all the guns, knives, drugs, needles, booze and even the cigarettes,” he concluded. For additional information about Robert Renteria or The Barrio Project, visit http://www.fromthebarrio.com , email robert@fromthebarrio(dot)com or call 312-933-5619. |
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These 11 States now have More People on Welfare than they
do Employed! Sent by Yomar Villarreal Cleary ycleary@charter.net and Oscar Ramirez osramirez@sbcglobal.net |
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| Editor: The
information below is a compilation of items sent by different readers, unfortunately,
I neglected to transfer in the contributors as I was gathering it.
Sorry and thank you, at least you know that it is being shared.
The U.S. is notorious for giving foreign aid. One of the ways the U.S. tries to get other countries to get in line with our preferred policies is thru foreign aid. 1% foreign aid $37.29 billion 300
million people in U.S. thus approximately
$124 for every person,
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“ENTITLEMENTS” |
Let’s put some of these “ENTITLEMENTS” on the table and call them what they are and put a cap on them. Salary of retired US Presidents .............$180,000 FOR LIFE . Salary of House/Senate .......................$174,000 FOR LIFE. Salary of Speaker of the House .............$223,500 FOR LIFE! Salary of Majority/Minority Leader ...... $193,400 FOR LIFE! Average Salary of a teacher ............... $40,065. Nancy Pelosi will retire as a Congress Person at $174,000 Dollars a year for LIFE.
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US Companies Layoffs
and Closings, & Layoffs, Dec 28 thru Jan 7 |
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| Checked with snopes that says fairly accurate.
1. Americans spend $36,000,000 at Wal-Mart Every hour of every day. |
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The Note by Wanda Garcia An Illustrative Past: E is for Entertainment, Education and Eddie Hispanic Medal of Honor Society's 50 foot exhibit at LULAC National Conference, Las Vegas June 21-23 As Sundance Kicks Off, Gael Garcia Bernal Stands Up for the Undocumented |
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THE
NOTE Last week I
received the surprise of my life. I was going through the mail.
Included with the rest of the bills was a small note size letter. Hmm
I thought! Another invitation to a financial planning seminar. But the
paper felt good quality, and I put down my bills to take a closer
look. I noticed a frank on the envelope read William G. Clinton. So I
opened the letter with trembling hands and was delighted beyond belief
when I saw the below letter.
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The
Durango Herald An
Illustrative Past: E is for Entertainment, Education and Eddie by
John Peel After a successful career as an illustrator that included work for Walt Disney, Eddie Martinez is looking to “pay it forward.” His ongoing work on Mesoamerican cultures bridges archaeology, history and writing as well as traditional and digital artwork. Eddie Martinez is fascinated with Mesoamerican culture – the Chacoans, the Aztecs, the Mayans. Photo: Josh Stephenson/Durango Herald |
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One of Eddie Martinez’s greatest thrills was getting to paint Walt Disney as part of a 55-foot-long, 6-foot-high oil mural at Disneyland. This is just a portion of the mural titled “The Fifth Freedom” that featured famous Americans. Eddie Martinez didn’t stop illustrating after he retired from the business in 2002. In his Bayfield studio he’s working on an illustrated novel that features several Mesoamerican tribes and a lead character who goes into the past to visit them. Working both digitally and with traditional artists’ tools, Eddie Martinez continues to churn out illustrations featuring ancient American cultures, including a series of drawings that bring Chaco Canyon’s Casa Riconada to life. He can talk to you about it, he can write about it and he can definitely draw it. But what he really wants to do is teach. He wants people, particularly his fellow Latinos, to know about their ancestors’ role in pre-Columbian America. After a career in the entertainment biz, including work as an illustrator for Walt Disney, he also knows how tricky that is. “If I say I’m going to talk history, everybody goes to sleep. But if I say I’m going to talk about ‘Raiders of the Lost Ark,’ then they go, ‘Ooh, I wanna hear about it.’” So the Los Angeles native, who now lives in the hills outside Bayfield, is excited about the task he has created for himself. He’s eager to finish his illustrated historical novel. And he’s jazzed about the possibility, however slight, that his book Search for Don Juan and Aztlán, three-plus decades in the making, could become something big. “I would love Disney to say, ‘Eddie, we’re gonna make a movie and money’s no object,’” Martinez says with a chuckle in his second-floor artist’s studio. “But that’s never going to happen. So I figure if I step into it as a book, it’ll maybe gain some interest.” He lets the thought hang briefly. Whatever happens with the book is gravy. Martinez has already had an enviable, fascinating career, which began about the time his mom was teaching him the ABCs. She’d show him an “M,” and he’d say “it’s a bird.” The “D” was a watermelon slice. “To me it was always picture language,” he said. “I guess I just started drawing very early.” One of his first graphic art jobs was in an outdoor sign shop, but the lack of creative opportunity frustrated him. Fortunately, he had a more pragmatic, left-brained wife. “The yin and yang,” Jessie Martinez describes them. While she maintained a steady income for the family, which eventually included five children, Eddie made the financially painful transition to the movie and TV business, working as a scenic artist. After a couple years of establishing his credentials, his talent caught the attention of production designer John DeCuir, whom Martinez helped earn an Academy Award for “Hello, Dolly.” Martinez yearned to work for Disney. He was trying desperately to land a position at WED Enterprises, the company formed by Walter Elias Disney to create theme parks. “I couldn’t even get past the receptionist,” he said, until one day he got a call from DeCuir, who was working on the Hall of Presidents at the soon-to-be-opened Disney World in Florida. DeCuir asked Martinez: Are you available? Can you come for a meeting? “Whatever he’d say, I’d just automatically say ‘yeah!’” Martinez laughs. Martinez spent much of 1969 and 1970 at Disney, painting murals that illustrate the history of the U.S. It was the “pre-show” at the Hall of Presidents, which features talking animatronic figures of presidents. After that, Martinez says, “the doors just flew wide open.” On the stairway to his studio in Bayfield, Martinez introduces his guests to framed portraits and drawings, many of his treasured works. One is a colorful portrait of Walt Disney and Mickey Mouse; it’s a copy of a small portion of a 55-foot-long, 6-foot-high mural of famous Americans he painted and installed at Disneyland in 1975. “It was an honor to paint Walt,” Martinez said,“to have the opportunity. This is something I could never have imagined.” Still to come was perhaps his most challenging project – designing Mexico’s pavilion for EPCOT Center at Disney World. Martinez’s services were sought when the original plan had “too many piñatas,” according to one complaint. He worked on it for three years, and it opened in 1982. If you’ve been to the Forum Shops at Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas strip, you’ve seen Martinez’s work in action. In the early 1990s, he was the architectural theme designer of the highly successful 636,000-square-foot luxury mall and designed the Festival Fountain Show at the mall’s west end. The show features laser lights and animatronic Roman statues of Bacchus, Apollo, Pluto and Venus conversing. (Martinez says it hasn’t been maintained well and should be scrapped.) He retired in 2002. He and Jessie moved soon after to Bayfield, where a daughter had settled. Now, he says, he wants to “pay it forward,” to create opportunities for others and to teach. He’s hoping Search for Don Juan and Aztlán is that vehicle that spurs interest in Mesoamerican culture, that shows Latinos how their ancestors created impressive societies before European explorers arrived.ugs Among his fans are Andrew Gulliford, a professor of history at Fort Lewis College, and Stephen Lekson, curator of anthropology at the University of Colorado’s Museum of Natural History and author of the newly released A History of the Ancient Southwest. They marvel at his illustrations of Chaco Canyon’s Casa Riconada. “I think his thinking and his presentation is masterful,” Lekson said. “Really fun to look at.” The U.S.-Mexican border has inadvertently led to erroneous conclusions about how Mesoamericans, including Aztecs, moved around North America, some archaeologists such as Lekson now suggest. “The Mexican border is fiction,” Gulliford said. “Eddie is one of those real creative individuals for whom the border doesn’t exist, and he is helping the rest of us see that.” So Martinez continues to work on his book. “It’s a spoonful of sugar. It’s content,” Martinez says. “So it’s the double E. It’s entertainment and education. Trying to reach young minds.” It’s not easy. But Martinez has proved he knows what it takes to get it done. Stay tuned. johnp@durangoherald.com. John Peel writes a weekly human-interest column. http://www.durangoherald.com/article/20130113/COLUMNISTS04/130119816/0/SEARCH/An-illustrative-past
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Somos Primos has been invited to share the Hispanic Medal of Honor Society booth
at the National conference of the League of United Latin American
Citizens. The conference will be held in Las Vegas June 21-23.
The Hispanic Medal of Honor Society booth recognizes the contributions
of outstanding Hispanics serving in the U.S. military. Forty-four
Hispanics have received the highest recognition in the nations for
their singular acts of bravery.
The booth is over 50 feet long and attracts considerable attention.
This will be the 4th time that SHHAR has been hosted by the Hispanic
Medal of Honor Society to display and distributed family history
information at their booth.
For more information, please contact Mimi Lozano, mimilozano@aol.com
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As Sundance Kicks Off, |
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The first film to screen at this year's Sundance Film Festival was a
documentary -- director Mark Silver's and producer Gael Garcia Bernal's
"Who Is Dayani Cristal?" Screening off the beaten track at the Marc Theatre in the late afternoon, it may not have had a glamorous opening night vibe of "Crystal Fairy," which was unveiled three hours later at the larger Eccles Theatre -- but it officially kicked off a frigid Sundance 2013, and nobody who knows Sundance could argue that a non-fiction film shouldn't have gotten the leadoff spot. For all of its reputation as a dealmakers' mecca and a launching pad for indies like the current Best Picture nominee "Beasts of the Southern Wild," Sundance has long been enormously rich in docs, both as a place to debut them and a place to develop them in the Sundance Institute's Documentary Film Program and fund. In fact, in an introductory press conference on Thursday afternoon, fest founder Robert Redford pointed to Sundance's early championing of documentaries as one of its key elements. The fest, now in its 29th year, is indeed a non-fiction powerhouse: Four of the five nominees in the Academy's current Best Documentary Feature category -- "Searching for Sugar Man," "The Invisible War," "5 Broken Cameras" and "How to Survive a Plague" -- debuted at last year's Sundance. And the only one that didn't, "The Gatekeepers," is in the program this year. More impressively, 11 of the 15 films on the Oscar doc shortlist were Sundance entries. The bar was raised pretty high for "Who Is Dayani Cristal?" After all, two docs played in the opening-night lineup last year: "Sugar Man," the closest thing to a favorite in the tightly contested Oscar race, and "The Queen of Versailles," the seventh-highest grossing doc of 2012. Both of those were slick and entertaining; "Who Is Dayani Cristal?" is darker and tougher, a devastating look at the plight of undocumented workers told through a poignant single case study: The corpse of a man that was found in the Arizona desert, his only identifying mark a large tattoo that read "Dayani Cristal." By the end of the movie we know the answer to the question the title poses, but the trip there is as powerful and graceful as the conclusion. British director Silver delves into the U.S. medical examiners and Mexican officials who try against hope to identify the remains that have become more and more common in the last decade. Overburdened by unidentified bodies that pile up at the rate of 200 a year in the Arizona desert, forensic anthropologist Bruce Anderson puts it bluntly: "The American people need to admit that it is to our benefit to have a blue-collar workforce with brown skins." He also follows the story from the other end, revealing what we know about the man and what drove him to make 14 border crossings. Bernal, meanwhile, makes a trip of his own through Central America and Mexico, retracing the man's steps as if he, too, were looking to enter the U.S. without documents. The other travelers on that same road treat him like he's one of them, though the fact that he's a famous actor and he was accompanied by a camera crew no doubt meant that they were in on the whole thing. Asked during a post-screening Q&A why the other men trying to sneak into the country were willing to be filmed, Bernal said it was simple: "They wanted to be on camera," he said. "They wanted their families to see what they were doing, because some of them might not make it." |
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| CAIR chief claims Muslims discovered America first |
| Editor:
Beyond the neglect of U.S. historians, it appears that we are being
called upon to expand our activities in defense of the historic
contributions of our ancestors, by another group . . . . CAIR chief
claims Muslims discovered America first.
Do not dismiss these claims lightly, even though no documents have been presented by them to support their claims. Books are being written based on these claims and presented to libraries across the country. To counter the claims of Muslims, that Chinese Muslims beat Columbus to our shores, we need to point out that our ancestors did not just set a foot on the ground, they stayed and planted, brought horses and cattle, pigs, goats, and built homes, cities, churches, mills, roads, schools, some of which still today . . . and we descendants are living proof our historic presence. Please go to The Middle East Media Research Institute for some excerpts from an interview with CAIR Executive Director, Nihad Awad, which aired on Iqra TV on December 27, 2012. Awad claims that Muslims discovered the Americas long before Columbus in 1492. The head of a D.C.-based Islamic lobbying group told a Saudi TV station Dec. 27. http://www.memritv.org/clip_transcript/en/3701.htm "After 9/11, we saw great interest among the American public in becoming better acquainted with Islam by studying and reading about it. We found that very few books on Islam were available in the public libraries, which are frequented by many Americans, and that most of these books were misleading or anti-Islamic. Therefore, we decided to publish several books on Islam, written by Muslims and non-Muslims. We decided to send them free-of-charge to the American public libraries. There are 16,200 public libraries in the US, serving 300 million Americans. We managed to provide this collection, free-of-charge, to half of these libraries." “There
are historical accounts according to which the Muslims preceded
Columbus, who is said to have discovered the U.S.,” claimed Nihad Awad,
the co-founder of the Council on American Islamic Relations. CAIR chief claims Muslims discovered America first |
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California Birthday Project: An
Update from the Past by Galal Kernahan
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| Men who met in Monterey's Colton Hall schoolhouse
more than 160 years ago drafted a California Birth Certificate
Constitution. The State they designed was born November 13, 1849.
That was the day Californians ratified it 12,872 to 811 and elected
their first state officers. California entered the Union as the
31st State on November 9, 1850.
What were California's State Founding Fathers like? Some were old and some were young. Some grew up speaking Spanish and some English. They came from all over the United States, as well as from out of the country. We had a founding father born in each of the following countries, France, Ireland, Scotland, Spain, and Switzerland. The activities concerning the California Birthday Project was started
ten years. The text was published in the first issue of |
| To commemorate the ratification, by election, of the California Constitution on November 13, 1849, a Symposium was organized by Los Amigos of Orange County, the Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research, in cooperation with the programs of Chicano-Latino and Latin American studies, the department of Spanish and Portuguese and the vice Chancellor, Student Affairs of the University of California, Irvine. The event was held exactly 150 years later, on November 13, 1999. Attended by historians, professors, teachers, students, legislators, and early California descendants, it was the only event held in the state of California celebrating the birth of the state of California. Neither was the date included in The Associated Press' daily listing of important historical events. Project 150 is trying to locate descendants of the signers of the California constitution Descendants are being asked to register with Project 150 and show their historical heritage connection to their Mexican/Spanish colonial roots. The results of this effort will benefit all Californians, and the nation also. In the 1990 Census, California and Texas together represent almost 75 % (74.4) of the Mexican-heritage population. Yet neither state has ever elected a Hispanic surname U.S. Federal Senator. New Mexico, who did not become a state until 1912, has had three. (Texas statehood, 1845. California statehood, 1850) The relationship between the United States government and Hispanics living in the states of New Mexico, California, Texas is historically very different. Although New Mexico did not become a state until 1912, in contrast to Texas and California, New Mexico had a national political presence since the mid 1850s. Their political connections and small population helped Latinos in New Mexico to maintained their unique identity. The results is that Southwest Hispanics have been viewed through the filter of the New Mexican culture, which historically is very different from the Hispanic culture which developed in California and Texas. National understanding of the Southwest centers on the historical, political and cultural aspects of the state of New Mexico; however, twenty times more Mexican-heritage individuals live in California. The lack of understanding of the history and strength of Mexican-heritage individuals in California is continuing to perpetuate through national projects of preservation, restoration, archeological, anthropological, humanities, etc. The Smithsonian in Washington D.C. has a southwest display which is specifically New Mexico. In addition, of the eight family stories included in the newly published My History Is America's History by the National Endowment for the Humanities, two are Hispanic, one is a New Mexico family, Madrid, and the other a Colorado family, Romero. Understanding Hispanic/Latinos in California historically will generate needed awareness and understanding. The following graph are California State Constitutional forefathers. The graph was compiled by Galal Kernahan for Los Amigos of Orange County California. The first column identifies the number of years in residence in pre-California statehood. The graph clearly reveals the power structure and political changes taking place in California during the mid 1850s. |
Years Name Age Birthplace City Occupation 53 Jose Antonio Carrillo 53 California Los Angeles Labrador 46 Manuel Dominguez 46 California Los Angeles Banker 42 Mariano G. Vallejo 42 California Sonoma Military 40 M. B. Covarrubias 40 California San Luis Obispo 40 Antonio M. Pico 40 California San Jose Agriculturalist 36 P. de la Guerra 36 California Santa Barbara 36 Jacinto Rodriguez 51 California Santa Barbara Agriculturalist 20 Abel Stearns 51 Mass. Los Angeles Merchant 16 Thomas O. Larkin 47 Mass. Monterey Trader 16 Hugo Reid 38 Scotland Los Angeles Farmer 12 Miguel de Pedroena 41 Spain San Diego Merchant 11 Pedro Sensavaine 31 France San Jose Negociant 10 Julian Hanks 39 Connecticut San Jose Farmer 10 J.A. Sutter 47 Switzerland Sacramento Farmer 6 L.W. Hastings 30 Ohio Sacramento Lawyer 5 R. Semple 42 Kentucky Sonoma Printer 4 Rodman Price 30 New York San Francisco U.S. Navy 4 Jacob R. Snyder 34 Pennsylvania Sacramento Surveyor 3/5m Benjamin S. Lippincott 34 New York San Joaquin Trader 3 Joseph Aram 39 New York San Jose Farmer 3 Elam Brown 52 New York San Jose Farmer 3 Lewis Dent 26 Massachusetts Monterey Lawyer 3 Kimball H. Dimmick 34 New York San Jose Lawyer 3 Stephen C. Foster 28 Maine Los Angeles Agriculturalist 3 H.W. Halleck 32 New York Monterey Engineer 3 J.M. Hollingsworth 25 Maryland San Joaquin Lt. Volunteers 3 J.D. Hoppe 35 Maryland San Jose Merchant 3 W.E. Shannon 27 Ireland Sacramento Lawyer 3 Thomas L. Vermeule 35 New Jersey San Joaquin Lawyer 2/7m Francis J. Lippitt 37 Rhode Island San Francisco Lawyer 2/6m A.J. Ellis 33 New York San Francisco Merchant 2/6m Edward Gilbert 27 New York San Francisco Printer 1/5m Henry Hill 33 Virginia San Diego U.S. Army 1/4m Ch.T. Botts 40 Virginia Monterey Atty. at Law 1/1m J.P. Walker 52 Virginia Sonoma Farmer 1 M.M. McCarver 42 Kentucky Sacramento Farmer 1 B. F. Moore 28 Florida San Joaquin Leisure 1 Myron Norton 27 New York San Francisco Lawyer 1 W.M. Steuart 29 Maryland San Francisco Atty. at Law 8m Pacificus Ord 34 Maryland Monterey Lawyer 7m K.O. Crosby 34 New York Sacramento Lawyer 7m John McDougall 32 Ohio Sacramento Merchant 5m Joseph Hobson 39 Maryland San Francisco Merchant 4m W. M. Gwin 44 Tennessee San Francisco Farmer 4m J. M. Jones 25 Kentucky San Joaquin Atty. at Law 4m Winfield B. Sherwood 32 New York Sacramento Lawyer 4m Henry A. Taft 26 New York San Luis Obispo Lawyer 4m O. M. Wozencraft 34 Ohio San Joaquin Physician |
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Legendary Attorney Arturo C.
González Passes Away at 104 Years Old Notable Latinos and Latin Americans who Died in 2012, compiled by By Angelo Falcón |
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Role Model for All, Legendary Attorney Arturo C.
González Passes Away at 104 Years Old (October 4, 1908 – December 21, 2012) Eagle Pass Business Journal
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“He did so much for Del Rio,” said Mayor Bobby
Fernandez. “He was a pacesetter, way ahead of his time — a role
model for us all.” Gonzalez turned 104 in October. Among his many accomplishments, Gonzalez helped
start the Housing Authority of the City of Del Rio and secured the
construction of the international bridge connecting Del Rio and Acuña. Housing Authority: In an interview with the
Del Rio News-Herald earlier this year, he recalled going to Washington
in 1940 to secure a $450,000 federal grant to get the Housing Authority
started. Not everyone supported the cause. “They said,
‘Arturo, just leave it alone. We don’t need it.’ I said, ‘You do
need it. You do need housing. These people don’t have any rooms, they
don’t have anything to eat. No, no, no – we have to correct the
situation between the Anglo people and the Mexican people,” Gonzalez
recalled. “So this (the Housing Authority) started it. They’ve done
a good job, opening up housing for people that didn’t have any
housing.” His role in getting the international bridge was
perhaps not as well known as some of his other deeds, which is the way
he wanted it. When talks were breaking down between U.S. and Mexican
officials, Gonzalez stepped in. Already well known on both sides of the
border, he was able to facilitate the discussion and everything came
together. “We got it done,” he said. Fernandez noted that
Gonzalez was one of the first Hispanic attorneys in the Del Rio area.
“He gave us opportunities to be successful,” the mayor said. “He
was always working behind the scenes to make the community a better
place. He was a true leader.” Madrina’s support: Gonzalez always gave
credit to his godmother, Petra Martinez, the woman who raised him after
his mother died when he was a young boy. “She didn’t know how to
read and she didn’t know how to write,” he said in the interview.
“But she had a very bright mind. She taught me a lot of good things.
She taught me never to get mad. She taught me never to fight with other
people. “To her, her life was very simple: thinking good and doing
good. And that’s what I have done.” The story of how he started to learn to be a lawyer
through a correspondence course is legend. He told it often and gave
credit to Judge Brian Montague of the 63rd State Judicial District. “He asked me, ‘Arthur, do you want to be a good
attorney?’ I told him, ‘Judge, the good part is already in my heart
… I do want to be an attorney.’ So he appointed me as court
interpreter for Del Rio, Eagle Pass, Edwards County and Kinney
County.” Montague also allowed him free use of his law library and
office to continue his studies. Gonzalez then took a college entrance exam, which
was required by the state because he didn’t have a high school
diploma, and passed it. He then took the State Bar in October 1934. In
February 1935, he was advised he had passed that test, too. But he had
to wait until he could get $20 to actually get his law license. Judge
Montague again came to his rescue, he said, and paid the $20 to get
Gonzalez his license. Fond memories: “It’s beautiful to think
about old times,” Gonzalez said during the two-hour interview. In
addition to his law career and work creating the Housing Authority and
the International Bridge, Gonzalez also was involved in radio and in
baseball. At one point, he and his partner Ramon Bosquez owned XERF,
based in Acuña, which helped make DJ Wolfman Jack famous as it boomed
its airwaves across North America. Gonzalez also started the Gonzalez Baseball System,
which owned five baseball teams. He was particularly proud of his team
in Decatur, Ill., because it was among the first to break the color
barrier in the minor leagues when it hired Jim Freeman, a black ball
player, in 1952. “Arturo Gonzalez and his wife flew to Decatur on
the Gonzalez Baseball plane to attend the game and the Decatur Review
featured a photo of the owner and his lovely wife in their box seat on
the third base line,” reads an account by baseball historian Stephen
Chicoine in the Illinois Journal of the Illinois State Historical
Society, Spring 2003. “Gonzalez recalls as to prejudice in Decatur,
‘I didn’t notice any difference at all and I didn’t expect any.’
” Love at first sight: As much as he
enjoyed his professional careers, Gonzalez also spoke frequently about
his love for his family, starting with his wife, Blanca. During the interview earlier this year, he recalled
their whirlwind courtship. “I remember the day I met her. It was May
4, 1946,” he said. “A Del Rio rancher told me, ‘Let’s go to
Cuba.’ I had just come out of the Army and I said, ‘OK. Let’s go
to Cuba.” The woman who would be his wife was working at the Cuban
embassy, where Gonzalez and the rancher had gone to get the proper
travel permits. “She was a beautiful woman,” he said. “I fell
in love with her immediately. I thought, ‘This one isn’t going to
get away.’ ” They had a wonderful life together, he said. She died
in March 1988.
Arturo C. Gonzalez Arturo C. Gonzalez, 104 years young, went to be
with Our Lord Jesus Christ Friday December 21, 2012. He passed away
suddenly at his home. The family is celebrating his life and that he is
now in the presence of Our Lord Jesus Christ. He was born in Del Rio,
Texas on October 4, 1908 to Sergio Gonzalez, Sr., and Genoveva Castro of
Monte Morelos Nuevo Leon and Zaragoza, Coahuila, Mexico. Arturo was raised by his godmother/madrina Macrina
next to the family home on Las Vacas Street. He attended Guadalupe
Catholic School and went on to Del Rio High School where he was a member
of the Wildcats Baseball Club. He held a number of jobs including
selling and unloading gas and working for Mr. and Mrs. Stool at The
Guarantee. On December 31, 1931 he needed $5 to pay his voting poll tax
and he asked his sister Eloisa if he could clean an empty lot she owned
on Las Vacas Street. In March of 1932 after piling all the trash,
mesquite trees, and weeds, he was preparing to burn all the trash when
he noticed an old magazine, Mid-Week Pictorial where he saw an ad of the
American Correspondence School of Law. This, he would say “was the
beginning of a pleasant, truthful and joyful profession.” In 1933
Judge Brian Montague appointed him as Interpreter of the Court and he
would go to court every day and sit in on trials and listen to all
criminal and civil cases. “I learned from the school of actual
experiences, from practical experience.”
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National Institute for Latino Policy List of Notable
Latinos and Latin Americans |
| As
we looked back on 2012, we thought we would get a jump on those
articles that totally or largely ignore Latinos in the end-of-the
year lists of notable deaths. These lists not only imply that there
are no or very few notable Latinos, but also that not many of us die
at all (which could be a good thing if it were true). We were also
motivated by the In Memoriam segment of the Oscars where I spend
most of the time yelling out, "I didn't know he (or she) died
this year!" Anyway, NiLP's crack team of Obituarians got to work. As a result, we have come up with a pretty extensive list of notable Latinos and Latin Americans who passed away this past year. It is, of course, not complete, but we think it's better than anything you are going to find in the media and elsewhere. To add to the creepiness of the list, we included, where we could, the cause of death, which involved such things as "explosion," "strangled," "hit and run," "shooting," "stabbing" and, my favorite, "bludgeoning." For Latinos, we witnessed the high profile deaths of Mexican-American singer-actress "la diva de la banda" Jenni Rivera and legendary Puerto Rican boxer Hector "Macho" Camacho. As the year came to a close, the horrific school shootings in the Newtown, Connecticut brought to the nation a deep sadness and focused Latinos on the deaths of two Puerto Ricans, 6-year-old Ana Marquez-Greene and 27-year-old heroic teacher Victoria Soto. The world of letters lost the frighteningly talented writer Carlos Fuentes, as well as pioneers in the making of the Chicano Movement like Juan Valdez, Ben Lujan and Frank P. Hernandez. Mexican-American actress and artistic institution, Lupe Ontiveros, along with Puerto Rico's path breaking politician and singer, Ruth Fernandez, also died. In the Puerto Rican community, the deaths of amazing guitarist and longtime NiLP friend Yomo Toro, community leader Raquel Creitoff, and the "Puerto Rican Beyoncé," Lorena Escalera, were heartfelt by many. Religious pioneers like Archbishop Robert Fortune Sanchez and Cardinal Luis Aponte Martinez also left us in 2012. As you review the list below, you will observe the simple truth that there are many notable Latinos in many fields where they have achieved excellence. Hey, we even threw in a few drug lords as well as some "honorary" Latinos like the guy who played Epstein, the Puerto Rican Jew, in the TV sitcom, "Welcome Back Kotter." If you see omissions or errors in the list below, please let us know, with the possibility that we may publish an update. afalcon@latinopolicy.org. |
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Editor: This is a
valuable collection of
Latinos who are recognized for their accomplishments. Notable Latino Deaths in 2012 |
| Academics Roy Bryce-Laporte, 78, American sociologist. Fabián Estapé, 88, Spanish economist. Agustín García Calvo, 86, Spanish academic, respiratory failure. Eduardo Morales Miranda, 102, Chilean educator, co-founder of the Universidad Austral de Chile. Leopoldo García-Colín, 81, Mexican physicist. Mara Negrón, 51, professor at University of Puerto Rico's Women and Gender Studies Program. Alejandro Rodriguez, 93, American psychiatrist and academic. Arturo Andrés Roig, 89, Argentine philosopher. Actors and Entertainers Joel Barcellos, 76, Brazilian actor. Hebe Camargo, 83, Brazilian television presenter, cardiac arrest. Rafael Corporán de los Santos, 71, Dominican television producer, host, and politician. Regina Dourado, 59, Brazilian actress, breast cancer. Lorena Escalera (aka La'reina Xtravaganza), 25, New York entertainer know as the "Puerto Rican Beyoncé." César Fernández Ardavín, 89, Spanish film director (El Lazarillo de Tormes). Juan Luis Galiardo, 72, Spanish actor (Anthony and Cleopatra,Tango), lung cancer. Lucy Gallardo, 82, Argentine-born Mexican film and telenovelaactress (How the Garcia Girls Spent Their Summer), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Silvana Gallardo, 58, American actress. Juan Carlos Gené, 82, Argentine actor and playwright. Sancho Gracia, 75, Spanish actor, lung cancer. Robert Hegyes, 60, New Jersey-born actor who played Jewish Puerto-Rican wheeler-dealer Juan Luis Pedro Phillipo de Huevos Epstein on the 1970s classic TV sitcom Welcome Back Kotter. Joaquín Martínez, 81, Mexican-born American actor (Jeemiah Johnson, Die Another Day), pancreatic cancer. Carmen Martínez Sierra, 108, Spanish actress. Patricia Medina, 92, British actress, natural causes. Yolanda Mérida, 82, Mexican actress. Oscar Núñez, 83, Argentine actor (Good Life Delivery), cancer. Lupe Ontiveros, 69, American actress (Desperate Housewives,Selena, The Goonies), liver cancer Pepe Rubio, 80, Spanish actor. Manola Saavedra, 76, Spanish-born Mexican actress. José Luis Uribarri, 75, Spanish television presenter and director (Televisión Española), cerebral hemorrhage. Artists Frank Braña, 77, Spanish film actor, respiratory failure. Gerardo Chavez, 94, Peruvian artist. Isaac Díaz Pardo, 91, Spanish artist. Pedro E. Guerrero, 95, American photographer, cancer. Nicolás Moreno, 88, Mexican landscape painter. Édgar Negret, 92, Colombian sculptor, cancer and heart failure. Spain Rodriguez, 72, American underground cartoonist, cancer. Antoni Tàpies, 88, Spanish painter. Athletes - Latin America and Spain Marcos Alonso Imaz, 78, Spanish football player (Real Madrid). Alex Alves, 37, Brazilian footballer (Hertha BSC), leukemia. Víctor Cabedo, 23, Spanish racing cyclist, road accident. Miguel Calero, 41, Colombian footballer, cerebral thrombosis. Félix, 74, Brazilian footballer, 1970 FIFA World Cup winner, cardiac arrest. Fidélis, 68, Brazilian footballer (Bangu Atlético Clube), cancer. Diego Mendieta, 32, Paraguayan footballer, viral infection. Juan Francisco Lombardo, 86, Argentine football player. Alfonso Montemayor, 90, Mexican footballer (Club León). Ladislao Nerio, 35, Salvadoran football player (C.D. Águila), strangled. Pépito Pavon, 71, Spanish footballer (Olympique de Marseille). Manuel Peña Escontrela, 46, Spanish footballer (Real Zaragoza, Real Valladolid), cancer. Manuel Preciado Rebolledo, 54, Spanish football player and coach (Sporting Gijón, Racing Santander), heart attack. Salvador Reyes Monteón, 76, Mexican footballer *Club Deportivo Guadalajara Salvador Reyes), colon cancer Sansón, 87, Spanish football player. Ramón Sota, 74, Spanish golfer, pneumonia. Raúl Valencia, 36, Spanish footballer, following a long illness. Azumir Veríssimo, 77, Brazilian footballer. Luis Aloy Vidal, 82, Spanish football player (FC Barcelona, Real Oviedo). José María Zárraga, 81, Spanish footballer and manager. Estanislao Basora, 85, Spanish footballer. Jordan da Costa, 79, Brazilian footballer (Flamengo), diabetes. Paulo Rodrigues da Silva, 25, Brazilian footballer, car crash. Juan Escudero, 91, Spanish footballer. MS-1, 55, Mexican professional wrestler, car accident. Felipe Fernández, 74, Argentine basketball player. Juan Carlos Pérez López, 66, Spanish footballer. Roberto Mieres, 87, Argentine racing driver. Athletes - United States and Puerto Rico Rogelio Álvarez, 74, Cuban-born American baseball player (Cincinnati Reds), complications of kidney disease. Pedro Borbón, 65, Dominican Republic-born American baseball player (Cincinnati Reds), cancer. Héctor Camacho, 50, Puerto Rican boxer, injuries from gunshot. Tom Martinez, 66, American football coach, heart attack. Sergio Oliva, 71, Cuban-born American bodybuilder, Mr. Olympia (1967-1969). Pascual Pérez, 55, Dominican baseball player (Atlanta Braves, Montreal Expos, New York Yankees), bludgeoning. Eusebio Razo, Jr., 46, Mexican-born American jockey, explosion. Roberto Rodríguez, 70, Venezuelan baseball player (Kansas City/Oakland Athletics, San Diego Padres, Chicago Cubs), heart attack. Raul Rojas, 70, American boxer. Johnny Tapia, 45, American boxer. Athletes - Olympic Medalists Daniel Alba, 71, Mexican Olympic wrestler. Carlos Figueroa, 80, Spanish Olympic equestrian. Ruy de Freitas, 95, Brazilian Olympic bronze medal-winning (1948) basketball player, multiple organ failure. Julio César González, 35, Mexican Olympic boxer, injuries from a hit and run. Arnaldo Mesa, 45, Cuban Olympic silver medal-winning (1996) boxer, stroke. Iñaki Lejarreta, 29, Spanish Olympic (2008) mountain biker, traffic collision. Nelson Prudêncio, 68, Brazilian Olympic silver (1968) and bronze (1972) medal-winning triple jumper, complications from lung cancer. Community Leaders Ruben Acosta, 52, Cuban-born Michigan attorney and community leader, malignant brain tumor Nilda Alvarez, 79, Puerto Rican community leader in Brentwood, New York, longtime coordinator of Pronto of Long Island, massive stroke she suffered after dancing at a wedding, Eva Calderon, 65, Mexican parent leader in Chicago, breast cancer Raquel Creitoff, 91, Puerto Rican community leader in New York City. Pedro Juan Herrera, 89, known as "Mr. Baseball," co-founded the Roberto Clemente Baseball League in Buffalo, NY. Nélida Gómez de Navajas, 76, Argentine human rights activist (Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo). Daniel Jara, 61, of Hackensack, NJ, Peruvian-born businessman who led the Statewide Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of New Jersey. Esther Medina, 76, San Jose, California community leader of Mexican American Community Services Agency (MACSA). Silvia Rodriguez, 71, social work leader in Porterville, Washington. Juan Valdez, 74, land grant activist who fired first shot during 1967 New Mexico courthouse raid that grabbed international attention and helped spark the Chicano Movement. Vidal Vega, 48, Paraguayan peasant leader, shooting. Journalists Pedro Arroyo, 60, Spanish Broadcasting System executive and founder of National Salsa Day in Puerto Rico, respiratory arrest. María Teresa Castillo, 103, Venezuelan journalist and activist, founder of the Caracas Athenaeum. Raquel Correa, 78, Chilean journalist, cerebral damage followed by heart failure. Eduardo J. Corso, 92, Uruguayan journalist and lawyer. Manuel Salvat Dalmau, 86, Spanish publisher. Luis Javier Garrido, 71, Mexican political analyst. Julio Ghigliotty Matos, 62, veteran Puerto Rican journalist who worked for The Associated Press and other organizations. Mingote, 93, Spanish cartoonist, writer, and journalist. Andrew Viglucci, 84, the longtime editor of Puerto Rico's San Juan Star, early colleague of Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist William Kennedy. Michael J. Ybarra, 45, American journalist and author, climbing accident. Military Mario Arturo Acosta Chaparro, 70, Mexican army general, shot. Carlos Büsser, 84, Argentine admiral, led the 1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands, heart attack. Albano Harguindeguy, 85, Argentine general. Juan Manuel Montero Vázquez, 64, Spanish military surgeon. Ítalo Piaggi, 77, Argentine army officer (Battle of Goose Green). José Martins Ribeiro Nunes, 85, Brazilian naval pilot. Musicians Carmélia Alves, 89, Brazilian baião singer, multiple organ seizure. Emilio Aragón Bermúdez, 83, Spanish clown, accordionist, and singer. Luisito Ayala, 60, Puerto Rican vocalist and percussionist, cerebral hemorrhage. José Roberto Bertrami, 66, Brazilian pianist and keyboardist (Azymuth). Roland Bautista, 60, American guitarist (Earth, Wind & Fire). Augusto Bracca, 94, Venezuelan songwriter, respiratory arrest. Cali Carranza, 59, American Tejano musician, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Federico A. Cordero, 84, Puerto Rican classical guitarist. Charles Flores, 41, Cuban-born American jazz bassist, throat cancer. Junior Gonzalez, 63, Puerto Rican salsa singer. Zenaida Manfugás, 90, Cuban-born American pianist. Rafael Rincón González, 89, Venezuelan musician. Jenni Rivera, 43, American-born Mexican banda and norteñosinger, plane crash. Yomo Toro, 78, legendary Puerto Rican cuatro guitarist. Chavela Vargas, , Costa Rican-born Mexican singer/ Musical Composers Bernardo Bonezzi, 48, Spanish film music composer. Altamiro Carrilho, 87, Brazilian musician and composer, lung cancer. Luis de los Cobos, 85, Spanish composer. Ed Lincoln, 80, Brazilian composer and musician, respiratory failure. Maestro Reverendo, 57, Spanish musician and composer, cancer. Chavela Vargas, 93, Costa Rican-born Mexican singer-songwriter, respiratory arrest. Public Officials - United States and Puerto Rico Ruben Ayala, 89, American politician, California State Senator (1974-1998), first elected Mayor of Chino, California (1964-1966). Juan H. Cintrón García, 93, Puerto Rican politician. Margarita Esquiroz, 67. former Miami-Dade Judge Circuit who served 28 years on the bench and was among the first Hispanic jurists elected in South Florida, complications from cancer. Ruth Fernández, 92, Puerto Rican singer and politician, Senator (1973-1981). Tom Fuentes, 63, American political leader, Orange County Republican Party chairman (1985-2004), liver cancer. Mario Gallegos, Jr., 62, American politician, Texas State Senator (since 1995), complications of liver disease. Frank P. Hernandez, 73, the first Hispanic to be appointed a judge in Dallas County, Texas, part of the Commission on Mexican-American Affairs ("the Dirty Dozen"). Ben Luján, 77, American politician, member of the New Mexico House of Representatives (since 1975), Speaker (since 2001), lung cancer. Samuel B. Nunez, Jr., 81, American politician, President of the Louisiana State Senate (1983-1988; 1990-1996). Mercedes Otero, Puerto Rican politician, member of Senate (1993 to 2001). Roberto Rexach Benítez, 82, Puerto Rican politician, President of the Senate (1993-1996). Pedro Toledo, 69, Puerto Rican public official, Superintendent of the Puerto Rico Police Department (1993-2001, 2005-2009), cardiac arrest. Public Officials - Latin America and Spain Adolfo Calero, 80, Nicaraguan businessman, leader of the Democratic Force, pneumonia and kidney failure. Santiago Carrillo, 97, Spanish politician, veteran of the Spanish Civil War. Catarina Castor, 32, Guatemalan Patriotic Party Congresswoman, crash of private plane. Eduardo Castro Luque, 48, Mexican politician, shooting. María Eugenia Cordovez, Ecuadorian First Lady (1984-1988), former wife of León Febres Cordero, cardiac arrest. Miguel de la Madrid, 77, Mexican politician, President (1982-1988), complications of pulmonary emphysema Héctor Cornejo Chávez, 93, Peruvian politician. Antonio Cubillo, 82, Spanish politician, founder of Canary Islands Independence Movement. Sergio Marqués Fernández, 65, Spanish politician, President of the Principality of Asturias (1995-1999). Edgardo Mercado Jarrín, 92, Peruvian politician, Prime Minister (1973-1975). Manuel Fraga Iribarne, 89, Spanish politician, President of the Xunta of Galicia (1990-2005), founder of the People's Party, heart failure. José Merino del Río, 63, Costa Rican politician, kidney cancer. Édgar Morales Pérez, Mexican politician, mayor-elect of Matehuala, shooting. Israel Nogueda Otero, 77, Mexican politician and economist, Governor of Guerrero (1971-1975), heart attack. Alfonso Orueta, 82, Chilean politician and football manager. Gregorio Peces-Barba, 74, Spanish politician and jurist, renal failure. Juan Pereda, 81, Bolivian military leader, President (1978). Abel Salinas, 82, Peruvian politician. Enrique Silva Cimma, 93, Chilean politician, Foreign Minister (1990-1994), bronchial obstruction. Txillardegi, 82, Basque writer and politician. Pedro Vázquez Colmenares, 74, Mexican politician, Governor of Oaxaca (1980-1985). Rodolfo Félix Valdés, 86, Mexican politician, Governor of Sonora (1985-1991). Jorge Salvador Lara, 85, Ecuadorian historian and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1966, 1976-1977). Carlos Soria, 63, Argentine politician, Secretary of Intelligence (2002), Governor of Río Negro (since 2011), shot. Oscar Valentín Leal Caal, 41, Guatemalan politician, Congressman (since 2008), shot. Carlos Escarrá, 57, Venezuelan politician, Attorney General (since 2011), heart attack. Ronaldo Cunha Lima, 76, Brazilian poet and politician, Governor of Paraíba (1991-1994), lung cancer. Jaime Serrano Cedillo, 45, Mexican politician, stabbing. Héctor Tizón, 82, Argentinian writer and diplomat. Religious Leaders - United States and Puerto Rico Luis Aponte Martinez, 89, the second Puerto Rican to be ordained a bishop and the only Puerto Rican cardinal, after a long illness. Ada Maria Isasi-Diaz, 69, American theologian, cancer. Hermano Pablo, 90, American evangelist and broadcaster. Agustin Roman, 83, Cuban-born American Roman Catholic prelate, Auxiliary Bishop of Miami (1979-2003), heart attack. Robert Fortune Sanchez, 77, the nation's first Hispanic archbishop, died in Albuquerque of complications from Alzheimer's disease. Juan Fremiot Torres Oliver, 86, Puerto Rican Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Ponce (1964-2000). Religious Leaders - Latin America and Spain Jerónimo Tomás Abreu Herrera, 81, Dominican Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Mao-Monte Cristi (1978-2006).[ Eladio Acosta Arteaga, 95, Colombian Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Santa Fe de Antioquia (1988-1992). José Alves da Costa, 73, Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Corumbá (1991-1999). Ramón Búa Otero, 78, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Tarazona (1982-1989) and Calahorra y La Calzada-Logroño (1989-2003). José Cerviño Cerviño, 91, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Tui-Vigo (1976-1996). Lucas Luis Dónnelly, 91, Argentine Roman Catholic prelate. Manuel Eguiguren Galarraga, 82, Spanish-born Bolivian Roman Catholic prelate, Auxiliary Vicar Apostolic of El Beni (1981-2007). José Freire de Oliveira Neto, 83, Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Mossoró (1984-2004). Ireneo García Alonso, 89, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Albacete (1968-1980). Luiz Gonzaga Bergonzini, 76, Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Guarulhos (1991-2011). Eduardo Herrera Riera, 85, Venezuelan Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Carora (1994-2003), cancer. Eduardo Koaik, 86, Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Piracicaba (1984-2002), cancer. Aloysio José Leal Penna, 79, Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Botucatu (2000-2008). Luíz Eugênio Pérez, 84, Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop Jales (1970-1981) Jaboticabal (1981-2003), complications from surgery. Rodolfo Quezada Toruño, 80, Guatemalan Roman Catholic cardinal, Archbishop of Guatemala (2001-2010), intestinal blockage. Pedro Reginaldo Lira, 97, Argentinian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of San Francisco in Argentina (1961-1965), and Auxiliary Bishop of Salta (1967-1978).[ José Rodrigues de Souza, 86, Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Juazeiro (1975-2003).[ Odorico Leovigildo Sáiz Pérez, 100, Spanish-born Peruvian Roman Catholic prelate, Vicar Apostolic of Requena (1973-1987).[ Faustino Sainz Muñoz, 75, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate, Apostolic Nuncio to Great Britain (2004-2010), cancer . Alcides Mendoza Castro, 84, Peruvian Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Cuzco (1983-2003). Joviano de Lima Júnior, 70, Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Ribeirão Preto (since 2006). José Sótero Valero Ruz, 76, Venezuelan Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Guanare (2001-2011). Felipe Fernández García, 76, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Ávila (1976-1991) and San Cristóbal de La Laguna o Tenerife (1991-2005). Writers Miguel Arteche, 86, Chilean poet and novelist. Antonio Cisneros, 69, Peruvian poet, lung cancer. Jayne Cortez, 76, American poet and performance artist. Millôr Fernandes, 87, Brazilian cartoonist, humorist, and playwright, multiple organ failure. Carlos Fuentes, 83, Panamanian-born Mexican novelist, internal hemorrhage. Claude-Anne Lopez, 92, American author and scholar, Alzheimer's disease. Pedro Medina Avendaño, 96, Colombian poet. Carmen Naranjo, 83, Costa Rican novelist, poet and essayist, cancer. Décio Pignatari, 85, Brazilian poet, essayist and translator, respiratory failure. Antonio Segura, 64, Spanish comics writer. Horacio Vázquez-Rial, 65, Argentine-born Spanish writer, cancer. Other Francisco Fernández Fernández, 111, Spanish supercentenarian, oldest in country and oldest man in Europe. Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano, 37, Mexican drug lord (Los Zetas), shooting. María Amalia Lacroze de Fortabat, 90, Argentine business executive and philanthropist. Ana Marquez-Greene, 6, killed in Newtown, Connecticut school shooting. Eloy Gutiérrez Menoyo, 77, Spanish-born Cuban dissident (Alpha 66), heart attack. Warren Morrow, 34, an Mexico-born advocate for Latino businesses, CEO and Founder of Coopera in Iowa. Oswaldo Payá, 60, Cuban dissident, recipient of the 2002 Sakharov Prize, traffic collision. Victoria Soto, 27, Puerto Rican teacher who died as a hero in the tragic shooting at an elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut. Manuel Torres Félix, 58, Mexican drug trafficker for the Sinaloa Cartel, shooting. Griselda Blanco, 69, Colombian drug trafficker known as The Cocaine Godmother, notorious in the 1970s and 1980s for her substantial cocaine business in Queens, New York, and drug-related brutality in Miami known as the Cocaine Cowboy Wars, shot twice in the head in a motorcycle assassination
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The Menudo Report
Map: Range of US aid being countries Video: Non-partisan Explaining US Fiscal Problems
Youtube: Great Britain" On Gun Control
Areas of Cartel Influence in Mexico Firearms Protection Act Rebellion by Charlie Lyon, January 14, 2013 A Little Gun History to Learn From |
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This new site seems to have a great variety of Breaking News, Politics and Information Impacting the Latino/Hispanic Community. http://menudoreport.com |
| Color-coded map showing the range of US aid being countries by the
U.S Quite a variance. http://foreignassistance.gov/CountryIntro.aspx. Sent by Jose M. Pena JMPENA@aol.com |
This is a non-partisan video produced by an accountant, Hal Mason, retired after 27 years with IBM.
He looks at the budget, its revenues and expenses, and simply illustrates the problem. http://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/EW5IdwltaAc?rel=0 Sent by Jose M. Pena JMPENA@aol.com |
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The Once "Great Britain" On Gun Control - YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWvQM0uy9qk&feature=youtu.be
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In 1911, Turkey
established gun control. From 1915 to 1917, 1.5 million Armenians,
unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated.
In 1929, the Soviet
Union established gun control. >From 1929 to 1953,
about 20 million dissidents, unable to defend themselves, were
rounded up and exterminated.
In 1935, China
established gun control. From 1948 to 1952, 20 million political
dissidents, unable to defend themselves were rounded up and
exterminated.
In 1938, Germany established gun control and from 1939 to 1945, a total of 13 million Jews and others who were unable to defend themselves were rounded up and exterminated.
In 1956, Cambodia
established gun control. From 1975 to 1977, one million educated
people, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and
exterminated.
In 1964, Guatemala established gun control. From 1964 to 1981, 100,000 Mayan Indians, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated.
In 1970 Uganda
established gun control . From 1971 to 1979, 300,000 Christians,
unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated.
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Rebellion by Charlie Lyon, January 14, 2013"As in every country where centralized government control has been tried, millions must necessarily be massacred to instill the essential fear to control the remaining feeble masses. No one in civil society wants to think about this possibility. But if we, like the founders, understand history and human nature then we must also, like them pledge our lives, fortunes and sacred honor to fuel the flames of freedom! And, while there is still time, we need to continue to send that message to our elected officials -- we are the land of the Brave! We do know the price of liberty, and we are more than willing to pay it! While it is still a land of the rule of law we must hold the highest accountable for their decisions. I suggest that we, in every state, urge our state legislators to begin the outcry and legal avenues available to bring impeachment proceedings if by Executive Order the president even attempts to infringe upon our unalienable rights to keep and bear arms! The greatest difficulty for proponents of centralized government is
not just the armed citizenry but the makeup of our local governments.
It is essential that we begin forming associations of the free in our
families, neighborhoods and communities to 1) study & teach the
founding principles of the USA and 2) come up with plans to resist
tyranny, as well as showing up at school, township and county boards
to hold our elected officials accountable and send the message that we
will be free!" |
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Firearms Protection Act |
| Texas state representative Steve Toth is filing legislation for a "Firearms Protection Act" similar to that which we saw in Wyoming.
This law will make "any federal law banning semi-automatic handguns or limiting the size of gun magazines unenforceable within the state's boundaries." Not only will this put Texas shoulder-to-shoulder with Wyoming in making it a felony for anyone--including federal agents--to try to enforce new gun control, but according to the Tenth Amendment Center it is in perfect harmony with the actions of Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott, "who has already filed over twenty-three lawsuits against the federal government." More good news--representative Toth is newly elected, which means he isn't wasting any time. He is taking it to the gun-grabbers instead of sitting back to see what happens next. Toth puts it this way: "We can no longer depend on the Federal Government and this Administration to uphold a Constitution they no longer believe in." The message is simple: "Don't Mess With Texas," and particularly, with Texas' gun laws. Source: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml |
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| Long Term Results of Criminalization of Marijuana on the
Latino Community Have you heard of a Medical Excise Tax? Hospital Medicare admittance has just changed |
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Criminalization of Marijuana |
 Cow shoes used by Moonshiners in the Prohibition days to disguise their footprints, 1922 |
 Alerted by the smell of a broken bottle of liquor, Federal Agents inspect a "lumber truck". Los Angeles, 1926 |
Although it has a long history of cultural and spiritual significance, its association with Mexicans during a time of great political tensions intersecting with racism led to its criminalization and unjust prohibition. This, in turn, created a series of laws that placed cannabis regulation and control as a strategy to mask racist and profit-mongering motives. After almost ten thousand years of agricultural, industrial, medicinal, and recreational use all over the world, and with a total lack of reliable science, it was made illegal in the United States for reasons entirely due to racism and greed. For the rest of the post, please go to: http://ejfood.blogspot.com/2012/12/ethnoecology-blogs-autumn-2012-cannabis.html I believe the time is well past for the nation-wide decriminalization, indeed legalization, of marijuana. Texas is one of the worst states and has so far incarcerated more than 1 million since prohibition started in the 1920s. Texas averages 77,000 arrests per year for possession (2009) with an average 180 sentence, $2000 fine, and a record that can prevent people from voting or receiving student loans. Not surprisingly, Latina/os and Blacks are more than half of those arrested in Texas. Devon G. Peña, Ph.D. devonpena@gmail.com "Memory is a moral obligation, all the time." J. Derrida
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Medical Excise Tax |
Hospital Medicare admittance changed under Obama Care |
Cabela's Official Website - |
You must be admitted by your primary
Physician in order for Medicare to pay for it! If you are admitted by an
emergency room doctor it is treated as outpatient care where hospital
costs are not covered. This is only the tip of the iceberg for Obama Care. Just wait to see what happen in 2013 & 2014! Obama Care Highlighted by Page Number, THE CARE BILL HB 3200 Judge Kithil of Marble Falls, TX - highlighted the most egregious pages of HB3200 Please read this....... especially the reference to pages 58 & 59. She wrote: ** Page 50/section 152: The bill will provide insurance to all non-U.S. residents, even if they are here illegally. ** Page 58 and 59: The government will have real-time access to an individual's bank account and will have the authority to make electronic fund transfers from those accounts. ** Page 65/section 164: The plan will be subsidized (by the government) for all union members, union retirees and for community organizations (such as the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now - ACORN). ** Page 203/line 14-15: The tax imposed under this section will not be treated as a tax. ** Page 241 and 253: Doctors will all be paid the same regardless of specialty, and the government will set all doctors' fees. ** Page 272. section 1145: Cancer hospital will ration care according to the patient's age. ** Page 317 and 321: The government will impose a prohibition on hospital expansion; however, communities may petition for an exception. ** Page 425, line 4-12: The government mandates advance-care planning consultations. Those on Social Security will be required to attend an "end-of-life planning" seminar every five years. (Death counseling..) ** Page 429, line 13-25: The government will specify which doctors can write an end-of-life order. |
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FINALLY Judge Kithil then goes on to identify: It is specifically stated that this bill will not apply to members
of Congress. |
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Extracts: Braceros No More by Devon G. Peña, Ph.D.
A 2007 report from the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), 2013 NHBWA Educational Scholarship application window is now open! NHBWA offering Students free membership Javier Palomarez named by BBC as one of "Ten Latinos Who Made History in 2012" |
| Extracts: Braceros No More . . Devon G. Peña, Ph.D. http://mexmigration.blogspot.com/2012/12/braceros-no-more.html |
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| I have a dear friend who is the son of a Bracero. He was
born in the United States in the 1960s but his father never became a
citizen, even after he married into a family with deep roots north of
the border – a family heritage that predates the existence of the
United States by several millennia at least. His mother, who passed away in 1987, was Navajo and Mexican. Like many people her age, she came to identify, defensively, as “Spanish American,” especially after the family moved to Pueblo, Colorado where her bracero husband got a job as a manual laborer at the steel mill. Of course, she was not Spanish, but that’s a different story for another time. The widower is now in his 80s and retired, but not in the United States. He could not retire here even though he worked and lived in the United States starting around 1955. After his wife died, and with his three children all grown up, he decided that – since he had no social security funding – that he would return to his origin village in Michoacán to live out his remaining years with his Mexican family. This was not an easy choice but he refused to burden his working-class children with having to care for an elder with failing eyesight, an exhausted heart, and a lack of access to health care through Medicare (which he lost upon his wife’s passing). |
 Braceros (strong arms) in 1963. Bettmann/Corbis Archives |
My friend’s father was a Bracero – a guest-worker imported from Mexico to be used only as temporary migrant labor in agriculture and industry. He never felt welcome by the government or his employers and he was not allowed to join labor unions, even if he considered himself a working-class radical whose family included members of the labor brigades of the 1910 Revolution. His son once told me what I take was to become the epitaph on his father’s gravestone: Trabajó duro. Siempre con dignidad. Nunca abajado. [He worked hard. Always with dignity. Never downtrodden.] I do know that the son, like his father, could have resented the exclusion of braceros from the labor unions. Instead, he thought it tragic rather than vicious because the ‘American’ [qua Anglo] workers’ movements lost the benefit of the knowledge, tenacity, and militancy that ran in that Mexican bloodline. |
| However, he did resent the government for failing to extend a less formidable path to citizenship to his father, who never learned English and was not able to read very well. He was embarrassed to take citizenship classes and so was never encouraged to seek legal status. His son felt the government could have done more to extend a hand to men like his dad who gave so much in the war years and aftermath, and then went on to raise productive and healthy children with U.S. citizen women. He did everything except learn English and since he had to work from the age of ten he had never learned to read or write. How does one deny an opportunity to such a soul, clearly rooted in the new country? |
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A 2007 report from the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), Close to
Slavery, Guest-worker Programs in the United States, suggests that things have not improved; they have worsened. The SLPC report summarizes the conditions faced by the new
braceros. Under the current system, called the H-2 program, employers brought about 121,000
guest-workers into the United States in 2005 — approximately 32,000 for agricultural work and another 89,000 for jobs in forestry, seafood processing, landscaping, construction and other non-agricultural industries:
These workers, though, are not treated like “guests.” For the
report, go to: http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/publications/close-to-slavery-guestworker-programs-in-the-united-states |
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Bracero retirees protest at the Mexican Consulate, seek help obtaining unpaid wages owed for decades. Credit: LA Weekly Press for this honorable and fundamental demand: You want our labor? We get to live and work here as long as we want to. We will only work under full protection of expanded and enforced workplace health and safety and hourly wage standards including the right to organize and strike. This a democracy, right? Well, from our vantage, that starts in the workplace and not the voting booth. We can choose to become citizens. None of this is negotiable. We will build a democratic future together, but only with the conditions that we exercise our full dignity and rights as co-workers, future citizens, and fellow human beings. |
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| The 2013 NHBWA Educational Scholarship application window is now open! Program Description: The National Hispanic Business Women Association (NHBWA) Educational Scholarship Program has awarded 108 educational scholarships to deserving students since the program inception. This achievement has been possible thanks to the support of our members, corporate sponsors and donors. Applicants Must Meet The Following Criteria: Be a student with permanent residence in Orange County, California Attending or planning to attend any accredited college in the USA U.S. Citizen or student who is in the process of obtaining U.S. citizenship: Student with a demonstrated record of service to the Latina community Pursue an undergraduate or graduate degree Is in need of educational financial assistance Be a student in good standing with at least a 3.0 GPA or higher DEADLINE TO APPLY: MARCH 23, 2013 Go to the home page for more information: www.nationalhbwa.com This opportunity brought to you by NHBWA
Patty Homo, NHBWA Director
2024 N. Broadway, Suite 100
Santa Ana, CA 92706 Main: 714.836.4042
Direct: 949.636.7800 Fax: (714) 836-4209
patty@nationalhbwa.com www.nationalhbwa.com
Twitter: @NHBWA
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The National Hispanic Business Women Association (NHBWA), the leading Hispanic business women association, is pleased to announce the availability of individual and student level yearly memberships at no cost. Effective January 1, 2013, this membership access is made possible by our sponsors and supporters. JOIN HERE!
Since its inception, the NHBWA has awarded 108 educational scholarships to deserving students. This achievement has been possible thanks to the support of our members, corporate sponsors and donors.
To learn more about the NHBWA visit, www.nationalhbwa.com
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Dear Members and Friends of the US Hispanic Chamber
of Commerce, At the close of this remarkable year, it is a pleasure for me to share with you some fantastic news about our organization's President & CEO: As he continues to elevate the USHCC on the national stage, the larger world is also taking notice. This week, Javier Palomarez was named one of the "Ten Latinos Who Made History in 2012" by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), a truly global media outlet. This is not only great news for the USHCC, but also
recognition from an increasingly broad audience that our Hispanic
business constituency is a formidable economic and political force in
America today. Javier
is in the distinguished company of Univision anchor and journalist Jorge
Ramos, Congressman Luis Gutierrez and actor/activist Rosario Dawson. Thank you again for all your support over the past
year, and with yet another reason to celebrate...Here's to a banner year
in 2013! Best wishes, Marc A. Rodriguez
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Cartoon: Cholo Samurai, the ultimate fighter
Rita Hayworth at her dancing best New Committee Will Review Kennedy Center Honors Selection Process |
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Some Japanese youth have embraced Low riding and the look of the cholo,
music and life style...this is the next logical step... |
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You are going to absolutely love this! Rita Hayworth, Fred Astaire, Gene Kelly and others dancing to the Bee Gees' Stayin' Alive. Syncing at its brilliant best !!!!!! For those that do not know Rita Hayworth is Mexican heritage. She was discovered dancing on Olvera Street. http://www.computerwhizguru.com/El_Gran_Salseron/Rita/Rita.html Sent by Val Valdez Gibbons |
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Committee Will Review Kennedy Center Honors Selection Process By David Montgomery, The Washington Post The Kennedy Center has formed a committee of artists and community leaders to review the heretofore opaque process by which winners of the annual Kennedy Center Honors are selected. “While the center has a strong track record of diversity throughout its other performance, education and arts education programs, it is important to undertake this review process to ensure the Honors reflect the diversity of those who have contributed to American culture,” Michael M. Kaiser, president of the Kennedy Center, said in a statement released Monday. The 11-member artist advisory panel will have its second meeting this month, Kennedy Center spokesman John Dow said. Its formation late last year — though only announced Monday — is part of a series of steps the center has taken in response to a controversy that erupted in September over the lack of Latino honorees. Since the Honors were created in 1978, two of the 186 honorees have been Hispanic: Placido Domingo, the Spanish tenor, in 2000; and Chita Rivera, the actress, singer and dancer of Puerto Rican descent, in 2002. The omission had been a sore spot for Latino activists for a number of years, but the issue burst onto a broader cultural radar after Kaiser directed a vulgarity at Felix R. Sanchez, chairman of the National Hispanic Foundation for the Arts, who at the time was pressing Kaiser on the issue in a telephone conversation. Kaiser apologized for his choice of words, and the center’s board of trustees created a subcommittee to look into the selection process. Kaiser acknowledged that the process by which honorees are designated lacked transparency. The new advisory panel will have a broad mandate to consider reforms, Dow said. The move “emphasizes their willingness to do business differently,” Sanchez said. “And that was what we had really wanted, that the Latino community is and should be a part of the American mosaic.” Janet Murguia, president and chief executive of the National Council of la Raza, added: “This is an important acknowledgment that they do want to reflect the entirety and diversity of American culture. It has been highly offensive that we haven't seen more representation by the Hispanic community .?.?. in those awards.” The members of the new panel are: Gabriel Abaroa, president/CEO of Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences Debbie Allen, actress Roberto Bedoya, executive director of Tucson Pima Arts Council Maria de Leon, executive director of the National Association of Latino Arts and Culture Raul Esparza, Broadway actor Yo-Yo Ma, cellist Norman Y. Mineta, former congressman and Cabinet secretary Joseph W. Polisi, president of The Juilliard School Thomas A. Saenz, president and general counsel of MALDEF Carlton Turner of Alternate ROOTS Damian Woetzel, dancer/member of President’s Committee on the Arts and Humanities The center also plans to create a separate Latino Advisory Committee that will focus on cultivating diversity at the center beyond the Honors and forging stronger communication with the Latino community, Dow said. |
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LITERATURE |
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Libros para Latinos The 2013 International Latino Book Awards by Annie Perez Latino Children Seldom See Themselves In Books Written For Young Readers Update of Somos en escrito Magazine for Nov.-Dec. 2012 Myths and Facts about South Texas Spanish by Dr. Lino García, Jr. The Magic of Javier Marías By Marcia Facundo Top Ten Best Books by Latino Authors in 2012 |
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| Dear Editor, Edward James Olmos & I founded Latino Literacy Now more than a decade ago to help spread the word about books aimed at Latinos. The Latino Book & Family Festival (51 festivals & over 800,000 attendees over the past 15 years) and the International Latino Book Awards have been two of the outcomes. The book awards have grown to become the largest Latino book awards in the USA. Last year 148 authors and publishers were honored. This year the awards will again be held in New York City and we are anticipating a very large number of entries. I hope you can find room in your publication for the enclosed article about the Awards. If any of you would like to be considered to be a judge in these awards, please email me at kirk@whisler.com . Nuestro programa Libros pra Latinos te proporciona artículos sobre los libros que creemos podrían ser de interés para tus lectores. Favor de considerar incluir este artículo en un ejemplar futuro de tu publicación. Our Libros para Latinos program provides you with articles about books that we feel your readers will want to know about. Please consider running this article in an upcoming issue of your publication. Recuerda que hay fotos y versiones en Word de los artículos al final de este correo electrónico. Please remember that there are photos and word document versions of the article at the end of this email. Gracias, Kirk Whisler |
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The 2013 International Latino Book Awards By Annie Perez |
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Once a year the eyes of the Latino community and publishing insiders turn to the International Latino Book Awards honoring the best in Latino Literature. Latino Literacy Now is currently accepting submissions for their 15th Annual International Latino Book Awards. The awards, one of the oldest Latino literary award competitions and by far the largest, honored 148 authors and publishers during the 2012 awards. The
event, which is presented by Latino Literacy Now, begins with the call
for submissions from Latino/Latina authors from around the world and
culminates in the presentation of awards in New York City during
BookExpo America. Founded
in 1997, Latino Literacy Now is a California 501c3 non-profit
organization that promotes literacy and literary excellence in the
Latino community. In addition to the International Latino Book Awards,
the organization hosts the Latino Books into Movies Awards, the Latino
Literacy Now Lifetime Achievement Award for excellence in publishing
and, in association with Edward James Olmos, noted actor, director and
community activist, the Latino Book & Family Festival series. In
the past few years the International Latino Book Awards has grown to
include more submissions and categories. This year over 20 new
categories have been added including best Latino focused books,
inspirational books, books in Portuguese, best sports/recreation books,
a category for graphic novels, Fantasy/Sci-Fi, best books by multi
authors and a category for best translations. Last
year also saw more judges than ever before including Pulitzer Prize
winners, heads of national organizations, noted educators, media
professionals, and past winners. Once
again the event will take place at the prestigious Instituto Cervantes
at 211 E. 49th Street in New York City, with its theatre
seating and wide screen projector, the evening of May 30, 2013. It is
presented in conjunction with Las Comadres para las Americas and
BookExpo America. A reception follows. All
entries must be received no later than February 15, 2013. For more
information about the awards, please go to www.LBFF.us.
Finalists will be announced the week of April 22, 2013 prior to the
awards ceremony. The awards are overseen by Kirk Whisler with assistance
from Nora Comstock, Annie Perez, and Jim Sullivan. For more information
on sponsoring the awards contact Jim Sullivan by emailing jim@lbff.us
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Hispanic students now make up nearly a quarter of the nation’s public school enrollment, according to an analysis of census data by the Pew Hispanic Center, and are the fastest-growing segment of the school population. Yet nonwhite Latino children seldom see themselves in books written for young readers. The Cooperative Children’s Book Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Education, which compiles statistics about the race of authors and characters in children’s books published each year, found that in 2011, just over 3 percent of the 3,400 books reviewed were written by or about Latinos, a proportion that has not changed much in a decade http://www.education.wisc.edu/ccbc/ Kids Poverty Rates Soar : Over a third of single-parent families with children are poor, compared to only seven percent (7%) of married families. Overall, children in married families are Eighty two percent (82%) less likely to be poor than are children of single parents. Most poor children live in single-parent families. Seventy-one percent (72%) of poor families with children are headed by single parents, mostly single mothers. Among Latinos, unmarried parent families are roughly three times as likely to be poor as married families. Tragically, over half of Latino children born today are born outside of marriage. The rate has increased from less than forty percent (40%) in the 1990s to more than half—nearly fifty three percent (53%)—today. Source: US Census and http://www.heritage.org/childpoverty WHAT'S NEW? Los Kitos LOVE Engineering! STEM Parent Toolkit and a Los Kitos game In celebration of Hispanic Heritage Month, the SHPE Foundation works with SHPE student and professional chapters across the United States to coordinate a STEM outreach national campaign -- SHPE Noche de Ciencias. Noche de Ciencias was first hosted in 2008 and is a series of awareness events presented to K – 12 students to promote knowledge and interest about science and engineering as well as scholarship and college opportunities. Grade appropriate hands-on activities are hosted during the 3-hour event. In addition to the Noche de Ciencias sponsored by the SHPE Foundation in 2012, the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) is sponsoring 50 Noche de Ciencias across the United States to strengthen the STEM pipeline connecting high school students, university students, and STEM professionals in industry, government, and academia. Over the next three years, NAVSEA is committed to funding 150 Noche de Ciencias and providing engineering professionals as speakers to highlight soaring engineering careers and opportunities. You can always support by contacting Maria.Lopez@shpe.org This message was sent to mimilozano@aol.com by: Los Kitos 7444 E. Chapman Avenue, Suite B Orange, CA 92860 (714) 542-7787 |
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Update of Somos en escrito Magazine for Nov.-Dec. 2012 |
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November and December 2012 brought diverse and tasty literary tidbits for our readers to savor: a new novelist out of San Diego, the first part of a scathing essay by longtime New Mexican educators on their state’s centennial, another essay that reveals the terrible legacy of America that lies behind the Sandy Hook school tragedy, three short stories that make great holiday reading, a “Love” poem, the review of a Chicano poet’s obras out of “America’s heartland,” and a ground-breaking biography in Spanish of the rebellious and tumultuous life of Chicano activist, Jose Ángel Gutierrez. Go to the site for links and short blurbs for each item:
Armando Rendón, Editor
Somos en escrito Magazine http://www.somosenescrito.blogspot.com/ somossubmissions@gmail.com 510-219-9139 Cell |
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Myths and Facts about South Texas Spanish By Dr. Lino
García, Jr. |
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Dr. Lino García, Jr., has just donated his works on colonial Spanish history to the UT-Pan American library. (File photo:
RGG/Steve Taylor) EDINBURG, January 1 - Columnist Lino García, Jr., has penned an op-ed for Guardian readers this holiday period about South Texas Spanish. |
 García holds the chair of Professor Emeritus of Spanish Literature at the University of Texas-Pan American. His works on colonial Spanish history have just been added to the UTPA library. Details on this are posted at the end of the op-ed. Here, though, is his op-ed: García: Myths and Facts about South Texas Spanish Throughout the decades, this author has been subjected to a variety and multiple miss-interpretations of “South Texas Spanish,” a term I enjoy and accept to describe, to understand, and to value the splendid use of the Spanish language by Rio Grande Valley residents. Terms which I deem demeaning and designed to ridicule, as well as to devalue South Texas Spanish are: Tex-Mex, Pocho, Border Spanish, and Spanglish, none of which truly explains the linguistic phenomena that is close to the reality of this language first brought here by a crew of Spanish soldiers who landed on Texas soil on November 6, 1528. Before I venture into a more detailed essay, kindly allow me to state a few facts related to any language spoken in this world we all inhabit. First of all no language presently in use is devoid of intrusion by other languages, all suffer from the same mixture caused by invasions, by the mingling of cultures, and of the genes between humans that have occurred since the beginning of time. Thus, take away all the Greek, Latin, French, German words out of the present English language, and what we have left is words from the Anglo-Saxon linguistic trail. Since time has cemented the use of these words loaned to the English language, no one bothers to call it anything else but: English. The Spanish language was first developed in Spain from the common use of ordinary Latin spoken by the multitude, as opposed to the Classical Latin, spoken by the learned. This emerging Spanish, which occurred during the 10th Century, A.D., was also invaded by the Greek, Visigoth, Celtic, Hebrew, Basque, and Arabic languages as these groups also made their way into Spain, and thus what we now have is really a mixture of various languages brought to Spain before and during the Middle Ages when different ethnic groups penetrated the Iberian Peninsula, B.C. and A. D., with Latin being the predominant source. The Spanish language spoken in Spain during the time of the conquest and colonization of America in the 16th Century is what was brought to South Texas and other areas where this language is spoken. In this area we can still hear remnants of certain words that formed part of 16th Century Spanish lexicon, words that did not suffer certain evolutionary steps. They are archaic words long since disappeared. However, some still creep into normal Spanish conversation: such as: vide> vi ; ansina>así; truje>traje; muncho>mucho; and others. In certain areas of South Texas where Hispanic individuals of long generational standing reside we also sometimes hear certain Spanish sounds similar to ones still used in Spain. The reason is that while certain linguistic evolution occurred in the Spanish language in other parts of the world, it took a long time arriving here. Myth: Residents of South Texas speak a non-acceptable language that is not at all close to the real Spanish, especially one called Castilian Spanish that is spoken in Spain. They are not truly bi-lingual because many do not know the grammar or how to properly write the Spanish language. Fact: Random College Dictionary states (page 135): bilingual: “… able to speak two languages…”; and nothing is said about writing the language nor knowledge of grammar. Furthermore, all Spanish spoken anywhere in the world is standard Spanish and should be accepted as such. Secondly there is no such linguistic activity known as Castilian Spanish. It is purely an invention by individuals who sometimes lacked real knowledge of the Spanish language, and are prone to consider it more elegant than the Spanish spoken in the Americas. Obviously and due to locations far from the mother language, and influence by other languages, regions have developed regional words spoken or used only in certain areas or parts of the world, and that via time have become part of ordinary standard Spanish. This linguistic phenomenon is true of all languages, and can also be applied to the English spoken in England, in the south, in New York, and in South Texas, and all have a regional usage, a sort of variety peculiar to the area. In fact, via many years of living in this area, and being sensitive to the use of languages, I have noticed a certain Spanish rhythm sometimes applied to the English used here by non-Hispanics. Simply living in an environment where Spanish is all around impacts the English language also. Does that make English any different from other parts, and should we call it anything else but English? Absolutely NOT! Both the English and Spanish languages are traveling via a normal linguistic patterns strictly established by users everywhere in the world since the beginning of time. Myth: All Hispanics in the Southwest USA speak what some individuals call Tex-Mex or Spanglish. Some people, especially those who have little knowledge of Spanish make this illogical, misinformed, and totally negative assumption and nothing is farther from the truth. Fact: In South Texas there are various levels of Spanish linguistic abilities, similar to any other language spoken in the world. The Spanish spoken in South Texas is mostly a speaking/comprehension ability, since there are few occasions to write anything in Spanish; and the speaking /comprehension component is done at various levels of performance reflecting the person’s level of education, awareness, and immersion. Thus, one can meet someone with a high level, a middle or a low level of speaking Spanish. Other levels include individuals who possess all abilities , again at different levels of performance such as : comprehension, reading, and writing abilities. Throughout the years I have taught countless classes in Spanish Composition and Grammar at UTPA to a great number of South Texas students, the great percentage of whom have succeeded, and have shown excellent ability to write decent paragraphs, and long essays in the standard Spanish. In fact I have compared some of our M.A. thesis to several written in Spain’s universities, and I have found that our UTPA students do well or above expectations using the Spanish language. Having been born and raised in South Texas, I also count myself as having written both my M.A. thesis at the University of North Texas, and my Ph.D dissertation at Tulane University, both works entirely in Spanish, and accepted by eminent professors at these highly respected institutions of higher learning. Myth: Some South Texas parents of Hispanic origin want their children to learn Spanish first and then English as a second language. Fact: Not so! The majority of people who have school age children are demanding that their children be taught the language of the USA as the primary language. The reason? Gone are the days when Hispanic parents merely dreamed of having their sons and daughters finish high school. Twenty first century Hispanic parents are demanding that their children be well prepared for professions as teachers, medical doctors, specialists, attorneys, engineers, pharmacists, and other high paying professions, and these same parents know and understand fully that a perfect knowledge of the English language is essential for a successful professional life in the USA. One would demand the same were we living in France, as knowledge of the French language is then essential for success in that country. However, knowledge of the Spanish language, especially in South Texas, is of the upmost importance and highly necessary. One can achieve both, if schools impart them at an early age in the student’s academic life. Myth: We should teach only an acceptable Spanish that reflects what is spoken in Spain and other countries where the real Spanish is used. Fact: There is no real or acceptable good Spanish. We can only hope to approach a certain level of excellence, due to the fact that the everyday struggles of language usage insists that we attain a certain level of acceptability depending always on the situation at hand, on how we deal with the give and take of language, and of being true to certain models offered to us as linguistic guides. All is standard Spanish with various tinges of regional words, phrases, and intonations developed via many years of contact with other cultures. Every language known has traveled via this historical road for centuries. Let’s accept what the student brings to the classroom, built on that linguistic ability, develop it, and teach various levels of language abilities, depending on the situation that the student will meet along his/her path. Prepare the student for all eventualities in his/her encounters with life, but never diminishing any aspect or level of any language that is already built into the student’s repertoire. Myth: Only Hispanic individuals speak openly the Spanish language. Fact: Not so! Many non-Hispanics of long generational status, especially in South Texas, openly and proudly speak Spanish at all levels. This was particularly true around 1825 and after when the authorities in Mexican controlled Texas invited northerners to settle in this state by offering them four thousand acres of land to bring their families, with the provision that all learn and speak the Spanish language. The “empresario” Esteban F. Austin himself not only spoke Spanish fluently, and signed his name as Esteban, but insisted that all of his colonists that he brought into this state in 1824 learn the Spanish language as essential for living in Texas. Thus, the historical circle has met its point of origin, since Hispanics are poised to become an eminent force in the social, cultural, and political arenas during the 21st Century, they will bring to its fruition a true , an essential, and proud bilingual society, where both the English and Spanish languages are equally given the status they both deserve. Proceed! Brownsville native Dr. Lino García, Jr., is an eighth generation Tejano. He holds the chair of Professor Emeritus of Spanish Literature at UTPA and can be reached at : LGarcia@UTPA.Edu |
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The Magic of Javier Marías By
Marcia Facundo Spanish author Javier Marías has become one of Europe's most sensational writers. His stunning storytelling style, which has led him to be called "the postmodern Proust," has contributed to the best-seller status of his books and the translation of his works into more than 30 languages. |
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Marias' seductive charm can be savored in the new
editions of four of his novels released by Vintage Español: Todas las
almas (All Souls, 1989), Corazón tan blanco (A Heart So White, 1992),
Mañana en la batalla piensa en mi (Tomorrow in the Battle, 1994) and
Negra espalda del tiempo (Dark Back of Time, 1998). For dessert, they
also included the collection of stories Cuando fui mortal (When I was
mortal, 1996). For the titles of his books Marías likes to borrow
verses from Shakespeare. Some years ago, the author told me that
"in my case, the presence of Shakespeare is almost innate."
Shakespeare's obvious influence in Marías' writings is not limited to
the cover of his books; it is also present throughout his narratives
with evident Shakespearean references. Although he writes with a modern
fast-paced style, he is equally obsessed with themes that preoccupied
Shakespeare; passion, ambition, and desire.
His stories are full of mystery and a sense of timelessness. His
narrative oscillates between the tragic and the comic. Verses from Shakespeare's plays are also used by
Marías to relate his novels with each other and establish a dialogue
between them. Although each book is not necessarily a sequel of the
previous one, its protagonists sustain a dialogue between them to give
meaning to the stories. Todas las almas, set in the ambience of academic
myopia and departmental power politics at Oxford, recounts the two-year
lectureship of its narrator, a visiting Spanish scholar. Corazón tan
blanco is a startling picture of two generations, two marriages, and of
how secrecy and suspicion can gradually tint people's hearts. Mañana en
la batalla piensa en mi, begins with the death of the narrator's lover
and reflects on deception and forgetfulness, while Negra espalda del
tiempo is, in the words of the author himself, a "false
novel", which begins with the history of the publication of Todas
las almas, a book that induced readers to confuse fiction with reality. Marías has also said he admires Shakespeare
because "in his narrative there is always mystery" and that
only literature that retains some of its mystery can be fertile. If this
is true, after reading the stories of secrecy, treachery and intrigue in
these five books the reader will surely verify the intense fertility of
Marías' work. About the author: www.tintafresca.us/LatinoPrintNetwork
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Top Ten Best Books by Latino Authors in 2012 |
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1) This is How You Lose Her by Junot Díaz. This is a selection of short stories depicting love, relationships, and heartbreak. Mr. Díaz uses his skill of writing to bring his characters to life. |
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 3) Have You Seen Marie? by Sandra Cisneros.This book captures the quest of a girl in search of her cat right after the death of her mother. The search creates an internal transformation of the character Sandy. The beautiful poetic writing brings the book to life. |
 4) The
Distance Between Us by Reyna Grande.A memoir depicting the author’s early years as she and her siblings are left behind with their grandparents in Mexico while the parents enter the United States illegally. It is a heartfelt story. |
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 10) Looking for Esperanza by Adriana
Páramo.This is an excellent book depicting the hidden world of undocumented female farmworkers and the struggles that they endure |
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Sent by Sandra Ramos O'Briant obriantleg@aol.com www.thesandovalsisters.com |
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Boy, a Burrito, and a Cookie, From Janitor to Executive
by Richard Montanez.
Mexican American Colonization during the 19th Century by Jose Angel Hernandez
Reyna Grande, National Book Critics Circle Award nominees
Bad Indians, a Tribal Memoir by Deborah A. Miranda
Postcards from the Río Bravo Border: Picturing the Place, Placing the
Picture,
1900s-1950s by Daniel D. Arreola |
 If you want
to see the latest methods for promoting a new book, do check
Richard Montanez marketing for A Boy, a Burrito, and a Cookie, From
Janitor to Executive by Richard Montanez. You can purchase as a paperback, 124 pages - $10.99 OR as an eBook download. Welcome to the world of eBooks where instead of receiving a physical paper book in the mail, you will receive access to the eBook file for this complete book. Within minutes you can be reading this book on your computer, PDA, cellphone or a stand-alone eBook reader—at a reduced cost! Unless otherwise noted, all eBooks are in the PDF format which is compatible with most eBook readers including Sony Reader, Nook, Kindle 2, iPad, and iPhone 4. Click th "Order Online" button below to purchase this eBook download today! $9.99 (digital download) http://www.tatepublishing.com/bookstore/book.php?w=978-1-62295-791-0 When on the above website, Click on the book cover and it will take you to a sites set up to promote A Boy, a Burrito, and a Cookie, on Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Digg, Buzz, and email. |
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Reyna
Grande has just been nominated for a National Book Critics Circle
Award in the category of Autobiography. Awards will be announced in
February. There is nothing like curling up with a book on a cold
winter’s night. It’s what January evenings are made for. http://bookcritics.org/
. The
National Book Critics Circle Award judges have just confirmed what we
already know about Reyna— that she has written a substantive
autobiography to share with the world. Reyna is an inspiration to
young girls. In particular young Hispanic girls who have embraced her
coming-of-age story with a renewed sense of hope that the American
dream is alive and well for those who work hard to achieve it. It warms
my heart that Reyna Grande’s THE DISTANCE BETWEEN US has been so
well received. It would not surprise me to see it up on the silver
screen in the near future. Reyna has written a big story that is both
specific and universal. THE DISTANCE BETWEEN US resonates with readers
yearning for growth who want to feel understood and that they are not
alone. Reyna
will be in town on March 19th as the keynote speaker for
the Faye C. Goostree Women's Symposium at Texas Wesleyan
University. “The Distance Between Us.” By
Reyna Grande. $25; Atria Books; 336 pages. |
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Across a Hundred Mountains
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I learn by talking with friends and watching films. And
occasionally, I run across a book that brings it all together. Last
week, I finally picked up Across a Hundred Mountains, a book I
bought a year ago when I met the author, Reyna Grande, at a writers'
conference. As unfortunate as it was that I let it sit on the shelf
for a year, the path I've been on recently, receiving much more
input from and about the struggles of brown people, prepared me
better to be open to this novel about being Mexican on both sides of
the border.
When I came out of the sweat lodge in Tlxacalancingo last year and got hosed down, someone thrust an orange into my hands and before I knew it, I had eaten at least two, maybe three. I was ravenous for the sweet juicy pulp. My mind reacted to Grande's book much like my body reacted to those oranges. I woke up to it and went to bed with it at night until it was finished, thinking about it during the day while I craved to see what the next chapter would bring. Publishers Weekly calls it, "A topical and heartbreaking border story...Two stories cross and re-cross in unexpected ways, driving toward a powerful conclusion." Here's a taste:
Reyna Grande is going to be an important writer. Go buy yourself
a copy of Across a Hundred Mountains and find out why. Virginia Alanis virginiaalanis@yahoo.com |
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BAD INDIANS, A TRIBAL MEMOIR |
| The
book integrates California Mission Indian tribal history, family and
oral histories and also features a genealogy based on her mother's work
that traces her Ohlone/Costanoan-Essalen ancestors A powerful account of
loss and survival, Miranda reassembles the shards of her people's past
in this groundbreaking book. Deborah A. Miranda is an enrolled member of the Ohlone Costanoan Esselen Nation of California, and is also of Chumash and Jewish ancestry. The author of two poetry collections – Indian Cartography, which won the Diane Decorah Award for First Book from the Native Writer's Circle of the Americas, and The Zen of La Llorona, nominated for the Lambda Literary Award – she also has a collection of essays, The Hidden Stories of Isabel Meadows and Other California Indian Lacunae, forthcoming from the University of Nebraska Press. Miranda is an associate professor of English at Washington and Lee University and says reading lists for her students include as many books by 'bad Indians' as possible. |
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| 2013
by Deborah A. Miranda Paperback, 6 x 9, 240 pagesISBN: 978-1-59714-201-4 $18.95 Copyright © 2012 by Kathryn M. Doyle California Genealogical Society Library 2201 Broadway, Suite LL2 Oakland, California 94612 For more information on Deborah http://badndns.blogspot.com/2013/01/q-with-deborah-miranda.html?m=1 http://blog.californiaancestors.org/2012/11/bad-indian-tribal-memoir-book-event.html Posted by Kathryn M. Doyle Sent by Ellen Fernandez-Sacco, Ph.D. Vice-President, California Genealogy Society and Library |
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Postcards
from the Río Bravo Border: Daniel D. Arreola 244
pp., 193 b&w photos, 6 maps |
| Table
of Contents Preface and Acknowledgments Introduction I. Places and Postcards 1. Río Bravo Border Towns 2. Postcards |
II.
Postcard Views 3. Gateways 4. Streets 5. Plazas 6. Attractions 7. Businesses and Landmarks 8. Everyday Life |
II.
Sight
into Site 9. View of the Place, Place of the View Appendix: Postcard Writings Notes Bibliography Index |
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A
desirable image is one that celebrates and enlarges the present while
making connections with past and future.—Kevin Lynch, What Time Is
This Place? (1976) The
past is never dead. It’s not even past.—William Faulkner, Requiem
for a Nun (1950) Every
landscape tells a story.—Christopher Salter (2006) Postcards from the Río Bravo Border engages the relationship among photographic image, past place, and landscape. Photographs are part of what is called “visual culture,” a term that emerged first in the art world of the 1970s and that is now understood as an umbrella expression for imagery in general and its relationship to cultures. Visual culture through photographs is central to the particular goals of this story. Visual culture is examined in its association with travel and tourism as cultural processes because the tourist was the primary audience for the picture postcard, the principal visual medium explored in this project. Further, the work investigates representations of border places in the past and the production of images by period photographers because towns were the subjects of the postcard photographs. Critically, the story is told by reading the landscape of postcard imagery to construct a visual narrative about Río Bravo border towns between 1900s and 1950s.
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“Place”
is a term that might seem innocent to the lay reader. Places are,
however, complex human creations, and how pictures of place have
influenced the geographical imagination is an emerging field in cultural
geography. Critical to this project is an understanding of how picture
postcards shaped place. It is argued that picture postcards became part
of the script of a visitor experience, most especially places that
lacked attention through traditional travel books, the historic and
popular means that communicated about nineteenth- and twentieth-century
travel. Picture postcards were not the places themselves; rather, they
were representations of a place: the scene of the seen. Postcards,
therefore, both represented and narrated place for visitors. They were
collected to remember place, yet they could stimulate a desire to visit
place. Further, postcards of a place analyzed systematically create an
understanding of place that may be unique as a form of visual culture.
For example, postcards can be used to compare changes in a place through
rephotography, which illustrates the place at two different times, or
they can be arranged serially for a particular place to visualize change
through time. Landscape,
like place, can appear to be a naïve term suggesting an area or field
of view. It is most certainly that, but theoretically it can be examined
as a socially constructed space that includes many visible and invisible
clues to a culture’s preference for making place. In this way,
landscapes can be read like a text, and in this project landscape is
both the view in a postcard image and the unraveling of that view to
make it understandable as a product of people, place, and time. Photography
as part of visual culture is considered modern. As a technical
achievement, photographic reproduction generates credibility by the fact
of capturing a person or place, fixing it for posterity. Today, it
strains us to imagine that this is somehow novel, yet until the early
nineteenth century representing something visually was chiefly the
domain of the arts, and the arts were largely linked to affluence,
especially powerful individuals and institutions. By the early twentieth
century, photographic representation became accessible. This “massification,”
or the ease with which image reproduction circulated, changed our
relationship with image. No longer the province of elites, images became
widely produced and reproduced. Scholarly
exploration of visual culture through tourism has chiefly ignored
historical reflection in favor of contemporary experience. Classic
sociological treatises such as Dean MacCannell’s study of tourist
behavior or John Urry’s investigation of the tourist gaze have been
almost exclusively contemporary analyses. While it is asserted that
photography in the nineteenth century structured the tourist gaze, it is
admitted that much speculation about the relationship between tourism
and photography has yielded little empirical investigation into their
connections. Even more rare is any serious attempt to interpret the
relationship among image, tourism, and places in the past. Postcards
from the Río Bravo Border is foremost an exploration of that
relationship, one pivoted on the photographic postcard and the tourist
visitor experience to Río Bravo Mexican border towns between the 1900s
and the 1950s. That first half of the twentieth century was when Mexican
border towns emerged as popular destinations for American visitors. Anatomy
of the Tourist Path: Merging Postcard Image and Place Capturing postcard images of border towns required some knowledge of places within and around those towns to be photographed. To be sure, this production was a selective process because not all places in a town were of interest to a photographer, and certainly, the universe of
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In
1957, cultural landscape historian John Brinckerhoff Jackson published
an essay about a fictitious encounter that a visitor might have with an
American town. Jackson called that experience “the stranger’s
path.” The path was the street-level route into the American downtown,
a space that was increasingly alien to travelers during the so-called
urban removal period of that era, when middle-class populations were
fleeing to suburbs away from city centers, which were becoming abandoned
and leveled, creating a patchwork of empty lots in our urban cores. The
process also described Jackson’s discoveries on entering many an
American small town, places that were coming to a similar phase of
abandonment as generations once resident in those emptied communities
relocated to the cities. According to Jackson, these paths, once
well-worn corridors of access and egress to Americans of an earlier
generation, had become lonely and forgotten with the construction of
interstate highways and the growing popularity of bypass travel. They
were, therefore, strange in a way that suggested the unfamiliar, the
uneasy, and the derelict, landscapes out of step with the expanding
suburbanization that became rampant during the 1960s–1970s. The
stranger’s path was populated with broken sidewalks, potholed streets,
pawnshops, single room occupant hotels, tacky motels and roadside
eateries, and abandonment. Yet Jackson found this landscape alluring and
full of lessons about how American places came to be, how they survived,
changed, and adapted and the particular populations of the urban and
small-town scene. Jackson’s stranger’s path is a metaphor for the
path journeyed by visitors to the Río Bravo border towns. Visitors
to Mexican border towns during the 1900s–1950s experienced their own
strange paths, routes through towns that may have seemed exotic to many.
In fact, the stranger’s path, or tourist route, was a very calculated
and highly orchestrated promenade meant to expose visitors to specific
sites in border communities with nary a single detour. This framework
was likely the result of the photographer entrepreneur’s awareness of
selected locations that had become popular with visitors. Deviation from
this programmed experience was not impossible, but more often the
postcard views themselves helped navigate the route, acting as signposts
of the sites that were most popular. In
many, perhaps most, instances it was likely that the route was relived
through the sequence of postcards accumulated and not mailed during the
visit. This may in part explain why so many postcards found in private
collections today are not messaged or posted. Like guidebooks that were
templates to the tourist experience of place, postcards typically
structured the tourist path, reinforcing the established sites to be
seen in a place. In this way, visitor encounters with Mexican border
towns followed a common thread known by traveler tourists around the
world for generations. The
peculiar anatomy of the Mexican border cities shaped the stranger’s
path and also the kinds of views of places represented in postcards.
Mexican border towns in large part are truncated on their northern
reaches by the international boundary, creating a need to formally enter
the town from the neighboring U.S. town. This situation creates both a
gateway landscape and a crossing experience. Postcard photographers were
keenly aware of this condition. All border crossings were, therefore,
dramatic entry points represented by forms of transport across the
boundary including infrastructures like bridges and gateway facilities
that monitored and controlled access to the border town visited and
beyond. In fact, essentially every border town was a doorway to the
interior of Mexico, and visitor entry was sometimes transitory if the
destination was a location far beyond the border. In this way, every
gateway acted as an entrêpot, a point of passage to a hinterland that
extended well south of the international boundary at a specific border
town. Regardless, the gateway and crossing were the first exposure of
travelers-visitors to the Mexico of their imagination. The gateway
landscape, therefore, is the first station of the stranger’s path, a
threshold that becomes cemented in the mind of the visitor through the
anxiety of the experience but also through the memory of the postcards
that represent the place. Once
visitors cross successfully through a gateway they are typically dumped
onto a single street that launches them along the path. These main
streets are usually linear alignments that run perpendicular to the
international boundary and act like a spine to the anatomy of a town. In
some places this is a set of zigzag streets or even a curving path away
from the gateway toward the center of the border town. Unlike a spine
that suggests rigid linearity, the string, as this other main street has
been called, can be a circuitous route, creating heightened anxiety for
visitors who expect the border town to unfold easily for them after
navigating the crossing. These street landscapes, or streetscapes, are
often the principal retail strips of the border towns lined with curio
shops, eateries, bars, and other attractions appealing to tourist
visitors. Whether spine or string, these spaces were a second station or
arrangement on the path, and postcard photographers documented the
blocks of businesses, the activities and traffic—pedestrian and
automotive—along and sometimes in the streets, thereby capturing the
commercial vitality that marked every border town. For some visitors,
these streets were the extent of their interaction with the town,
wanting only to shop, eat, drink, and return to the safety of the U.S.
side of the boundary. The
plaza has been called the heart and soul of any Mexican town. It is a
rectangular space typically created with the founding of a community,
and border towns, like towns across Mexico, each feature a plaza and
sometimes several plazas. The plaza or plazas are usually the
destination of the spine or string street described above. In some
towns, the plaza is offset from this main street, and at other times the
plaza actually sits as a buffer between the gateway and the spine. This
space is a pedestrian oasis typically studded with plants and trees,
walk paths, benches, a fountain, and a bandstand. Here visitors can
mingle with local residents who use the plaza as a physical respite in
their daily activities or a gathering spot for special events. Plazas
conventionally boast the town’s largest public buildings, especially
the church and municipal palace, and collectively they showcase the
architectural splendor of a community. The plaza is a prime location for
postcard photographers, and virtually every town is represented by
postcard views of its plaza. It is, therefore, the third station of the
path and in some ways the most popular and actively sought center of the
town for visitor and resident alike. Beyond
the central space of the plaza, border town visitors were drawn to a
number of sites that I call “attractions” because each has a
particular function and/or attraction that a visitor moves into and out
of, and typically the space accommodated larger crowds than a single
point like a business establishment. An attraction can be many different
kinds of public or private spaces but for the purposes of this project
include markets and arenas. All border towns had public markets and
bullfighting arenas, and these spaces in some towns were major tourist
attractions. They were typically situated away from the gateway, main
street, and plaza, but visitors, with local assistance, could find their
way to those locations, and they became sites captured visually by
postcard photographers. Attractions thus became a fourth type of station
for visitors, expanding the lure of the border town beyond the commonly
recognized loci described above. Another
category of spaces captured by postcard photographers is businesses and
landmarks. These were specific locations in the building fabric of the
border town, for example, a bar, curio store, or public building. Unlike
plazas or attractions, businesses were common along streets and side
streets in a town, multiple in number, and frequented by visitors as
part of their wanderings along the path. These sites, not surprisingly,
were also fodder for postcard photographers, and typically were the
primary dispensing locations for postcard sales. Specific buildings and
spaces, however, were popular landmarks to the tourist, and visualized
by postcard photographers. Businesses and landmarks were critical stops,
de rigueur pauses along the tourist path. The
Río Bravo border towns, like all places in Mexico, contain aspects of
everyday life alluring to visitors and therefore postcard photographers.
Domestic scenes varied by particular location but could include almost
anything off the tourist path. Residences, street vendors, washerwomen,
special celebrations, peculiarities—any event or circumstance that
marked everyday life of the river border town seemed fair game for
photographers. These scenic detours were quite exotic to most visitors,
and postcard photographers found them potentially endearing images that
made for the perfect curious postcard mirroring border town life.
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Chapters
1 and 2 introduce the border towns and postcards. Chapter 1
contextualizes the historical geography of Río Bravo towns, setting a
framework to understand how places came to be and how they expanded
geographically through phases of growth spurred by social and economic
events of the 1900s through 1950s. Places strategic to the tourist
experience are mapped and described for each town, and selected
panoramic postcard images illustrate views of each town at two separate
time periods to suggest how postcards came to represent places. Chapter
2 moves the story to an explanation of postcards as forms of visual
culture and postcard photography, especially individual photographers
and postcard companies that produced images of the Río Bravo border
towns. This chapter also discusses how Mexican places have been visually
represented in the past and how those representations compare to
postcard views. Postcards of Mexico are shown to be a continuum of
earlier forms of popular imagery, socially constructed and framed to
tell a particular story about people and place. Chapters
3–6 are assembled to follow a common template for the stations of the
path encountered by tourist visitors and captured visually by postcard
photographers. In each chapter, a short introductory essay frames the
views being presented, drawing on historical materials to create a
context for seeing the postcard views. The postcard images are then
paired to a description that distills the essence of that representation
as part of the larger fabric of the theme. What unfolds is less a
treatise in dense prose about each station of the path than a visual
exploration of place as revealed by postcard views. In addition to
paired text and image, I use vignettes to elaborate particular themes
that are part of the stations of the path being shown. These vignettes
are intended to vary the overall narrative using selected towns to
illustrate a theme. In this way, a reader can select and engage from
within the chapters particular arrangements or places of interest or to
move out of sequence as one’s attention is drawn to one or another
theme or town. I hope that in this manner, the work becomes valuable to
readers who desire the complete story as well as those who might be
interested only in pieces of the whole. Chapters
7 and 8 are organized as essays with gallery images to illustrate the
examples of businesses, landmarks, and everyday life for the river
border towns. An introductory essay briefly explains the themes, which
are followed by a portfolio of images drawn from the border towns of the
study and linked to extended captions. The presentation is thus thematic
and graphic without restriction to any particular town. Chapter
9 summarizes the findings from this project and distills larger
conclusions about the relationship between visual culture and place. The
lessons learned in this exploration can expand our ways of seeing places
in the past, creating applications that enhance understanding of
landscapes beyond the Río Bravo border towns. Viewscapes The
path is the thread that joins place and postcard imagery in this
project. Thematically, the stations of the path—including gateways,
streets, plazas, and attractions, along with businesses, landmarks, and
everyday life—are swatches of fabric that sewn together create a quilt
of visual representation of Río Bravo border towns. I term these
swatches “viewscapes,” combining the postcard photographer’s view
of place with the geographer’s habit of using landscape as a medium to
understand how places are made. Viewscapes enable us to both visualize
and interpret locations along the path followed by so many visitors to
these towns. In this way, I seek to engage the reader to become that
tourist visitor, seeing the pieces of the mosaic that constitute the Río
Bravo Mexican border town through time. Chapter
3, titled “Gateways,” introduces viewscapes of the crossing spaces
that were the first places visitors encountered in their journey along
the path through a Río Bravo Mexican border town. In the first half of
the twentieth century, crossings from the United States to Mexico took
place by boat, railroad, mule car, streetcar, auto, and, of course, by
foot. This chapter draws examples from the towns to examine the
variation in transport forms and landscapes created by and for these
modes of conveyance and revealed by postcard images. Two vignettes then
detail how specific border towns were especially promoted based on the
nature of their gateways. Matamoros, before railroad and auto bridges
joined it to Brownsville, was unusual because of the peculiar nature of
getting from the American shore via watercraft and then changing to mule
cars—later streetcars—on the Mexican shore for the long ride into
the center of town. This gateway was very popular to postcard
photographers who seemed fascinated with this dual transport experience
where visitors moved by boat and mule car or streetcar to the central
plaza of the town. A second vignette spotlights Nuevo Laredo’s
important gateway function through the sequence of bridges erected
across the Rio Grande/Río Bravo. Both rail and auto bridges were built
and rebuilt over the first five decades of the twentieth century.
Destructive floods along the river interrupted and inundated Nuevo
Laredo as well as other towns. Later, when Nuevo Laredo–Laredo became
the border portal for the Pan American Highway—the first paved road
connecting the United States and the interior of Mexico—bridges there
were celebrated for their arching function, which linked hinterlands far
beyond the international boundary. Postcard photographers capitalized on
the importance of these changing connections where simple access was
elevated to visual icon and reproduced many times for a consuming
public. In
Chapter 4, “Streets,” the reader is introduced to the linear spaces
of the path that point the visitor to the center of the Río Bravo
border town experience. These arteries connect the gateway to the
commercial, social, and entertainment activities strung along the main
streets of the border towns like pearls on a necklace. The chapter first
describes the variety of street forms for the Río Bravo towns, then
illustrates some of that diversity with postcard images. Two vignettes
again expand the view of these spaces for particular towns. Calle
Zaragoza is the main street of Piedras Negras opposite Eagle Pass,
Texas. It is positioned beyond the town’s main plaza, which greets a
visitor after exiting the gateway. Calle Zaragoza is crowded with the
principal businesses of the town, and it continues on to become the
major highway out of town. That situation made it the most attractive
street in Piedras Negras. Bustling with people and activity, Calle
Zaragoza proved a strategic viewscape, ripe for the eye of the postcard
photographer. Avenida Guerrero, Nuevo Laredo’s commercial spine, is
explored in a second vignette. More than any other Río Bravo border
town main street, Guerrero is the prototypical retail strip. Unlike
Calle Zaragoza in Piedras Negras, Avenida Guerrero explodes from its
entry gate without interruption. It has been the main street of the town
since Nuevo Laredo’s founding in the middle nineteenth century. Its
centrality in the landscape anatomy of the border town is reinforced by
its function as the principal highway that leads south to the interior
of Mexico, a route that became institutionalized with the opening of the
Pan American Highway in 1939. Along Guerrero are Nuevo Laredo’s main
plazas, positioned like alternate spaces on a checkerboard. Commercial
businesses are posted along the street between these public squares like
chess pieces lined up ready for play. The primacy of this street was an
allure to postcard photographers over many generations, and it is no
exaggeration to suggest that Avenida Guerrero is the iconic Mexican
border town main street. Consequently, it may also be one of the
best-recognized border town stations of the path. Chapter
5 showcases “Plazas,” perhaps the most central and focused station
along the path and a fundamental fix for postcard photographers. These
social hubs graced every Río Bravo border town. In the larger towns,
multiple plazas were part of the townscape. In other towns, a single plaza
mayor or plaza principal (main or principal plaza) was the
social nexus. This chapter presents an overview about border town plazas
drawing examples from all towns to suggest the variety of views and
activities that were snapped through the shutter of the postcard
photographer’s camera. Two vignettes are used to elaborate particular
plazas. Reynosa’s Plaza Hidalgo became the subject of the postcard
photographer’s lens from the 1920s through the 1950s. Situated at the
end of a string street linked to the crossing, the plaza was the central
focus of the town’s commercial and social activities. Plaza Hidalgo in
Reynosa became a postcard fix during Prohibition as thousands of Texans
and others were lured to its bars and entertainment outlets. During the
1940s, its church, retail businesses, hotels, and curio stores made the
space a celebrated venue for locals and outsiders alike. As a
consequence, it was repeatedly featured in postcard images of Reynosa,
disproportionate to other stations of the path in the town. High image
density enables a reconstructed serial view of this space that is
unusual among all border towns. Villa Acuña’s Plaza Benjamín Canales
is the chapter’s second vignette. Unlike Reynosa’s Plaza Hidalgo,
Villa Acuña’s social center is slightly off the path, behind the main
commercial streets of the town. The social space is several blocks from
Acuña’s entertainment spine along Calle Hidalgo. Nevertheless,
postcard photographers feature the plaza in selected images, if not to
the same degree that they documented Reynosa’s plaza. Views of the
church, principal public buildings, and the peaceful nature of the
square present Villa Acuña’s plaza as a local space, known by
tourists and occasionally visited, but chiefly a quiet place oriented to
residents because it was away from the action of the town’s main drag.
Categorically, it is a station on the path, but practically, it
illustrates how postcard photographers diverted from that path to
feature a space they recognized as fundamental to the identity of the
town regardless its location. Chapter
6, “Attractions,” visits other private and public spaces in the Río
Bravo border towns. Train and bus stations, aduanas, or customs
houses, and other spaces that might attract a congregation of patrons
were recognized gathering sites. This chapter highlights two such
locations: markets, or mercados, and bullrings—so called plazas
de toros. Markets were large public spaces where goods of every
imaginable type could be vended and attracted resident and visitor
alike. Bullrings were, like plazas, common to every border town. As
seasonal entertainment spaces, they attracted both residents and
visitors. These spaces are described in general for all Río Bravo
border towns and then inspected through case study vignettes. The
Mercado in Matamoros is explored as the first vignette for the chapter.
Located several blocks from the main plaza yet centrally positioned in
the town, the market became a popular station stop along the tourist
path and thereby a subject for postcard photographers. The market
transformed over the period from 1900 to 1950, first serving exclusively
locals and later tourists as well as residents. The market physically
transformed over the years, but the indoor-outdoor nature of the space
made for intimate interiors as well as aisle street-like views. That
quality especially made it viable for postcard photographers who made
fewer images of other border town markets that were essentially enclosed
structures. Perhaps the most famous bullring of the Río Bravo border
towns was La Macarena in Villa Acuña, the chapter’s second vignette.
Called a “West Texas custom,” visiting the town’s plaza de
toros was more than sporting entertainment: it was a packaged
experience that could include a meal and drinks at La Macarena Café
adjoining the bullring. Situated only a few short blocks from the
gateway and but one block off Villa Acuña’s main street, Calle
Hidalgo, La Macarena was a recognized station of the path, and a venue
for many forms of entertainment beyond its famous blood sport. Not
surprising, postcard photographers had a ringside seat for events and
celebrations at La Macarena, and its legendary status was no doubt
enshrined, in part, through postcards. Chapter
7 examines through essay and portfolio “Businesses and Landmarks”
that captivated postcard photographers and thus were part of the visitor
path. These include bars, restaurants, curio stores, public and private
buildings, and even cemeteries. Each of these locations was a specific
and precise stop but generically important as a type of space. Unlike
attractions that were large gathering sites and few in number,
businesses were numerous and spread across the urban fabric, while
landmarks were architecturally unique yet common to each town. They
merit attention because all were the repeated subject of the postcard
photographer’s fancy, and all types were arguably critical to any
visitor’s experience. Every border town had bars and restaurants, the
mainstays of any tourist locale. Particular establishments,
nevertheless, gained notoriety and therefore became captured in
postcards for visitors. Postcards showing the exteriors and interiors of
these businesses were a form of advertising, creating familiarity in the
minds of present and future patrons. Curio stores were another staple of
the Río Bravo border town visitor experience, and every town included
this type of retail. These businesses became especially popular after
Prohibition and the Mexican national government’s ban on casino
gambling in the late 1930s. Examples are drawn from several towns to
suggest the kinds of views common to the postcard image. Chapter 7 also
includes selected examples of specialized places like historic
landmarks, customs houses, radio broadcast facilities that patronized
American audiences, and cemeteries, the latter especially attractive
because of their distinctive architecture. “Everyday
Life” through essay and gallery images is the subject of Chapter 8.
Scenes of local living were selectively attractive detours to tourist
visitors and postcard photographers. Street scenes of domesticity were
invariably subject to visitor curiosity, and this chapter illustrates
selected examples of domestic life in the Río Bravo border towns
captured by postcard photographers. Daily labor, shopkeepers,
residential types, work spaces, entertainment venues, public spaces,
schools, families, the home, and celebrations are examples of everyday
life captured in postcards. Vendors, for example, have been part of the
urban scene for as long as there have been towns. Along the Río Bravo,
a particular form of street peddler—the barrilero, or water
cart vendor—was a fixture of every town before permanent water
delivery systems were common. During the early decades of the twentieth
century, barrileros, so-called because of the barrels that held
the water that was captured at river’s edge and mounted to simple
mule- or horse-drawn carts, roamed the residential and business streets
dispensing their essential commodity. To visitors and postcard
photographers alike this exotic form of water delivery had nearly
disappeared from the American urban scene by the 1900s, as water
delivery systems became public and standardized. The prosaic that was
readily visible in the Mexican border environment made for popular
imagery. Finally,
Chapter 9 summarizes the findings for the book and draws conclusions
about the relationship between postcard image and place engagement in
the Río Bravo border towns.
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Please
see attached catalog announcement for my forthcoming book on Río Bravo
border towns seen through postcards: URL: http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exarrpos.html.
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So much better than a "MUSEUM' Evolution of Foreign Language Instruction Walmart Stores Inc, plans to hire more than 100,000 veterans Honra a Nuestros Caídos/ Honoring our latest 36 Fallen Heroes HenryGerlach Bazurto by Mercy Bautista Olvera Grant County 's last survivor of World War II's Bataan Death March laid to rest. |
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So much better than a "MUSEUM' |
Walmart Stores Inc, plans to hire more than 100,000 veterans |
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So much better than a "MUSEUM' . . . ... Incredible coverage.
http://www.laosgpsmap.com/ho-chi-minh-trail-laos Sent by Odell Harwell hirider@clear.net
Interesting article on the evolution of foreign language instruction
in the US and the national security case for enhance forging language learning |
Walmart
Stores Inc, the world's largest retailer, said it plans to hire more
than 100,000 veterans in the United States over the next five years, a
move supported by First Lady Michelle Obama. Most of the veterans will be placed in the company's stores and clubs, and some will be employed in distribution centers, Walmart U.S. Chief Executive Bill Simon said in a speech to be to delivered on Tuesday at the National Retail Federation conference. The retailer will start issuing job offers to veterans from Memorial Day in May. The catch: The offers will be given to any honorably discharged veteran within his or her first 12 months off active duty. |
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Honra a Nuestros Caídos/ Honoring our latest 36 Fallen Heroes |
| Honra a Nuestros Caídos/ Honoring our latest 36 Fallen Heroes.
(A total of 695 Heroes.) List compiled by Rafael Ojeda Please see Somos Primos Archives for FEB 2009, 2010 and 2011 for 659 other names. |
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Rank Name Age Branch Hometown Date of Death Location PFC
Cesar Cortex,, 24
This information was
compiled from the following web sites: |
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Henry
Gerlach
Bazurto |
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The
daughter of Henry Gerlack Bazurto, Merelou
Bazurto-Binning,
and I began
corresponding about four years
ago. Merelou is the daughter of Henry Gerlach Bazurto. Eventually
Merelou informed me that her father, Henry served during WWII in the
First Special Service Force. Henry Bazurto as I would later learn
enjoyed my articles that Merelou shared with him, and became a regular
reader of “Somos Primos” and just prior to his passing had planned
to contribute information on his experiences in the Special Force and
recollections from his life to be published in “Somos Primos": It
is to his memory and his family that the following article is dedicated.
His
daughter Merelou message to me: Thank You, my father was moved by your
writing in the Somos Primos. He enjoyed your articles that I shared with
him, over the years. He was hoping to meet you in person but, he
understood that he living in Tucson it would be impossible. |
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Henry
Gerlach
Bazurto 1918 – 2012 Special
Forces Hero in the “Devil’s Brigade” |
| The history of the “First Special Service Force” began when American Lieutenant Colonel Robert T. Frederick was summoned to England where he was authorized by Admiral Louis Mountbatten to train a force of American and Canadian military personnel for commando operations. | |
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All
modern day U.S. Special military operations and forces, even those that
ultimately caught and killed Osama-Bin-Laden, are descended from the
1942 “First Special Service Force” whose mission was to create an
elite commando unit, capable of penetrating enemy lines. Henry
Gerlach Bazurto had no idea of what he was getting himself into when he
left Mexico to pursue baseball with his Mexican teammates in the United
States. Instead he joined the service during WWII. He joined the U.S.
First Special Service Force, soon thereafter the troop joined a Canadian
troop. Henry
Bazurto was born on February 6, 1918 in Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. He was
the son of Ramon Bazurto (Mexican born) and Margarita Mae
Gerlach-Bazurto of German ancestry.
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Henry
Bazurto married Maria Ysabel Jimenez on January 14, 1943 in Nogales,
Arizona. The couple had two sons, Bill and Robert; and one daughter;
Merelou. The family moved to Chico, California in 1961, where Henry
owned an auto parts store. The marriage ended in divorce. Bazurto
remarried, he was the father of 10 children from two marriages, two sons
joined the military; Henry Jr., (deceased), and Bill. As
a young man Bazurto traveled by train from the city of Obregón, Sonora,
Mexico with his baseball team “Los Cardenales de Nogales” to the
United States with only one suitcase, and the most precious things for
him; a baseball, a glove, and a baseball cap. His dream was to play with
the St. Louis Cardinals. He played his first U.S. game with his team on
November 20, 1940; two days later he joined the armed forces.
Henry Bazurto began his military service at Ft. William Henry Harrison School in Helena, Montana; he recalled that within only five days from jumping from a plane, he became a paratrooper on the First Special Service’s Force, which the Germans later named, “The Devils Brigade.” These 800 soldiers included United States and Canadian military men, and six Mexicans who enlisted in the United States forces; Henry Bazurto was one of them. |
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On
April 15, 1943, after the initial training period in Montana, the First
Special Service Force relocated to Camp Bradford, Virginia, soon
thereafter it relocated again to Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont. The
First Special Service Force history began when American Lieutenant
Colonel Robert T. Frederick was authorized to train a commando force of
both American and Canadian troops for operations in Norway. Friction
immediately resulted when the “rag tag group of American misfits”
encountered the Canadian troops. However, Frederick, to his credit as a
leader, was able to dissolve national differences and molded the Special
Service into a highly trained commando force.
On
a summer day in 1943, the First Special Force sailed force for the
Aleutian Islands of Alaska. It was part of the invasion of Kiska,
fortunately, the island was recently evacuated by Japanese forces. The
force re-embarked and left ship at Camp Stoneman, California and
returned to Forth Ethen Allen, arriving on September 9, 1943. On
November 19, 1943, the First Special Service Force arrived in Casablanca
and moved to the Italian front, where Bazurto and his comrades
demonstrated the value of their skills and training. On
December 5, 1944, the First Special Service Force dispersed in a field
near Menton, France encountering a village that proved to be one of the
most difficult to capture. |
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Bazurto
was awarded with the Purple Heart, the Bronze Star, and the Silver Star.
He was recognized with 15 other awards. Bazurto never regretted joining
the military; he stated it was his duty to have served. In
1945, Bazurto returning from military service, worked in an office for
the Armed Forces in Nogales, Arizona.
Bazurto was always proud of where he came from; he mentioned his
Mexican heredity to his comrades, superiors, and friends. Although he
obtained citizenship, Bazurto considered himself Mexican. The
1966 book, the “Devil’s Brigade” by Robert H. Adleman and George
Walton, recounts the stories, battles, and key personalities of the
First Special Services unit. Pictured on the front cover of the book is
Henry Bazurto. He is pictured on the lower right corner. The
1968 movie, “The Devil’s Brigade” was based on the book of the
same title.
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Above photos: The 60th Reunion Memorial exhibit in Montana (2006) |
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In
2006, in an interview for the local Tucsón newspaper, “La Estrella de
Tucsón” Bazurto stated: “It was an unforgettable experience for me
to have joined the army. I was wounded seven different times. In 1944,
wounded, thinking that I would die, I prayed to Our Lady of Guadalupe, I
pleaded to our Lady to have me return to my country, and I promised to
visit La Basilica [Church]. It
took me 30 years, but eventually [I] visited La Basilica.” He further
stated, “I lost good friends during the war, it was not in vain, WWII
was a good cause, with that being said, many countries were not invaded
by the Germans.” |
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In
another interview Bazurto stated, “I never experienced racism while I
was in the service. General Robert T. Frederick treated me, and my
Mexican comrades like any other men in the service. There was no racism;
all of us were the same with the same goal - to stop Germany from
invading other countries. I don’t regret for joining in the Army, it
was my duty to serve.” “If
I hadn’t joined the Army, I would have liked to be involved in
baseball, which is my passion, but with seven wounds in my elbow, as
well as my right leg, my ability to move my arms, and legs were not easy
as before I joined the military, it became impossible to practice my
favorite sport. I decided to become a children’s baseball coach in
Phoenix, Arizona, I was able to train children with disabilities, it was
extraordinary and a wonderful experience, and the best decision I made.
This, I would never forget,” stated Bazurto.
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In
September 1999, Alberta Highway 4 and Interstate 15 in Montana, the main
highway between the cities of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada and Helena,
Montana was renamed the
“First Special Service Force Memorial Highway.” This highway was
chosen because it was the route taken in 1942 by the First Special
Service Force soldiers who trained at Fort Harrison in Helena, Montana. The
force is also memorialized on a commemorative plaque outside a
Protestant Cemetery in Rome and another plaque at the U.S. Embassy in
Rome. Prior
to his death Bazurto wrote “Bajo Tres Banderas.” The unpublished
book honors the soldiers of the United States, Mexico, and Canada who
were members of this Special Force. Additionally,
he details his experiences during WWII and his life.
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Unfortunately
Henry Bazurto didn’t get to see his book published. He passed away on
February 29, 2012 in Tucson, Arizona. He is survived by his second wife,
nine grown children, many grandchildren, and a sister from Nogales,
Arizona. Henry Gerlach Bazurto was very proud of his service to his adoptive country and of his two sons, who served in the military during the Viet Nam War.
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Currently
before Congress are two bills nominating “First Special Service
Force” veterans to receive the “Congressional Gold Medal.” Readers
are encouraged to contact their local Congressional/Senate
representatives and express their support of for two bills; HR 3767 and
Senate Bill 1460. For additional information on the First Special Service Force Association please contact Secretary/Treasurer Bill Woon, P.O. Box 202, Helena, MT 59624-0202. bwoon1325@bresnan.net
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Grant County 's last survivor of World War II's Bataan Death March laid to rest. |
SILVER CITY -- A moving ceremony made its way to several locations Friday as Grant County 's last survivor of World War II's tragic Bataan Death March was laid to rest. Pablo P. Gutierrez died on Dec. 17 at age 93. He had suffered a long illness, but had lived a longer, full life that touched many. Gutierrez experienced the full horror of war as a soldier in the National Guard 200th/515th Coast Artillery, deployed to the Philippines during WW II. The United States was focused chiefly on winning the European front of the war as the 1,800 soldiers from New Mexico were fighting for their lives on the Bataan Peninsula in the Philippines . On April 9, 1942, U.S. and Filipino forces were surrendered. This began the horrific "Bataan Death March" along the peninsula to the survivors' eventual imprisonment. Soldiers were beaten, starved and executed, with as many as 10,000 perishing along the way. Gutierrez survived the unimaginable cruelty and was one of the 900 New Mexican soldiers to return home from the mission. When he did, he met his future life and spent the rest of his days as a dutiful, giving family man. It was this second part of his life that filled much of Friday's ceremonies. The grand interior of the Our Lady Fatima Catholic Church in Bayard held a solemn but hopeful service in honor of a man who gave so much. The many rows of pews were nearly filled with family, friends, veterans and other supporters at the funeral service. The air was filled with mournful notes from a trio of Spanish guitars. The three men behind the strings sang hymns of remembrance, some in English and some in Spanish. Father Paulus Kao officiated the service, though he was ill throughout, and gave a no-nonsense sermon, focusing on prayers for the deceased veteran. "I am not going to tell you all he is in Heaven, because I do not know," Kao said. "Instead, our job is to pray for the soul of this man. That is what we can do." Pray they did. After a full funeral mass, the coffin was taken from the church by soldiers from the Army National Guard's 1200 Infantry Battalion out of Las Cruces to a snow-dusted Fort Bayard National Cemetery . These official pallbearers are in the Army National Guard Honor Guard program of New Mexico . Most of the men volunteered for the mission. "It is a huge honor for us to be a part of this celebration," said Sgt. Judas Perea, coordinator for the National Guard Honor Guard Program of New Mexico's southwestern region, who was among the Guard today. After the funeral, the Honor Guard escorted the coffin and the congregation to Ft. Bayard National Cemetery , where a military ceremony was waiting. Gutierrez received high honors for his service, with a final gun salute tribute, flag folding and speeches from Col. Tim Paul and Gutierrez’s daughter Rosemary C. Gutierrez. Paul gave "freedom, fear and promise" as the chief reasons to remember the fallen hero. He listed many American freedoms, like women being able to live the life they choose and voting for the candidate they believe in, saying that Gutierrez was one of the reasons Americans still enjoy those freedoms. He then said that Gutierrez didn't face fear in battle, but danger. "The difference between fear and danger is that fear is a choice and danger is a reality," Paul said. "If you ask me, this man faced danger without fear." Paul also said that Gutierrez lived in an honorable fashion and that those present needed to make a "promise to live in his image." Paul's speech touched veterans from all branches present. "It was a honor and privilege for us to be there," said Frank Donohue, of the Gaffney-Oglesby Detachment 1328 of the Marine Corps League. "Even though we were Marines, we are all veterans here and many of us are combat veterans. We don't have a clue as to what those gentlemen suffered during those four years in a POW camp. It was very brutal and those were brave souls who went through that for all of us. It's a brotherhood of men and women." After his speech, Paul presented both a flag -- folded in military fashion -- and the podium to Gutierrez's daughter and longtime caregiver, Rosemary. Rosemary approached the podium and began a speech she called "Like Father, Like Daughter". She talked about how clean and respectable a man her father had been throughout her lifetime -- how she had never heard him use profanity, how he had quit drinking alcohol when he found out she was going to be born and cigarettes when Rosemary's daughter was coming into the world. She thanked his caregivers who had done so well by her father, their family members who had dropped everything when they heard Gutierrez had died, and members of Our Lady Fatima for all the help they provided. Lastly, she thanked her Father for being her hero and her friend. Rosemary spent the last few years taking care of her revered father and has no regrets. "I would do it all again," she said. "I would do it again in a second." Sent by Maria Embry maria.embry@sbcglobal.net |
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| Jesse O.
Villarreal, Sr. Receives 2012 Presidio La Bahia Book Award February 2, 2013 2-4 p.m. Presidio La Bahia, Goliad, Texas Donativo List Found for Presidio La Bahia Texas Before the Alamo: Domingo Ramon Entrada to Texas Nearly a century after death, Civil War soldier's grave dedicated Book: Gallant Creoles by Michael Marshall The American Revolution would never have happened with gun control |
 From left to right: David Hanover, KSJ President General of the Sons of the Republic of Texas, SRT, Jesse O. Villarreal, Sr., & O. Scott Dunbar, KSJ Past President General of SRT. |
Jesse O. Villarreal, Sr. Receives 2012 Presidio La Bahia Book Award On December 1, 2012, the 2012 Presidio La Bahia Award was presented to Jesse O. Villarreal, Sr. at the Presidio La Bahia in Goliad, Texas for his book Tejano Patriots of the American Revolution 1776-1783. The award is presented by the Sons of the Republic of Texas to promote the suitable preservation of relics, appropriate dissemination of data, and research into our Texas heritage, with particular attention to the Spanish Colonial period. After three years of research, author Jesse O. Villarreal, Sr., has written and published a book titled TEJANO PATRIOTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1776-1783 This book, through collections of first person accounts and compilations of other historical documents, including complete rosters, provides a spotlight on a critical period in Texas. |
| The American Revolution was a monumental event in our
nation that continues to reverberate over the world even today. We stand
in awe of those brave and dedicated individuals who held steadfast to
their beliefs of independence, individual freedom, and self-government.
We are all familiar with the more famous revolutionaries such as
Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Lafayette, Rochambeau, Von Steuben,
Pulaski, Kosciuszko, and many others. We should remember, also, that
Tejano names like Hernández, Carvajal, Menchaca, Rodríguez, Martínez,
Cazorla, Curbelo, etc., were also contributors in the successful outcome
of this struggle. These were Spanish surnames of presidial soldiers,
ranchers, vaqueros, citizens, and American Indians who lived in that
part of New Spain known as Texas. We ask ourselves: Who all were they
and what were their names? What was their daily life like? How did they
help the American Revolution? Details of Tejano Patriots of the American Revolution 1776-1783 are listed below:  1.
It's a story about Tejanos in Goliad and San Antonio de Bexar who aided
General Bernardo de Galvez by providing cattle to feed his troops
fighting in the campaign against the British along the Gulf Coast between 1779-1782. The cattle drives to New Orleans were driven by the soldiers, vaqueros and Indians. In all, there were 12 of these cattle drives and totaled about 9,000 cattle. The soldiers and civilians that aided in the American Revolution are in the Census of 1779 (Presidio San Antonio de Bexar) and 1780 (Presidio La Bahia del Espiritu Santo). Also, The King of Spain, Carlos III, issued a decree on August 17, 1780, that "all Subjects in the Americas were to donate money." He stated that Spanish citizens would donate 2 pesos and the Indians, one peso, toward the war effort. The research with the Census of Goliad and San Antonio de Bexar shows who these people and soldiers were at the time of the American Revolution that contributed those (donativos) or donations. 2. This book is already being used as a Genealogy reference for anyone wanting to connect to the soldiers or general population and is available at the DAR library in Washington, D. C. and in the SAR library in Louisville, Ky. 3. Tejano Patriots of the American Revolution 1776-178, contains historical accounts of Mr. Villarreal's ancestors and includes several of his great- grandfathers mentioned throughout the book. A ninth generation Tejano, he descends from the first soldiers who arrived and settled in San Antonio de Bexar in 1718. His ancestors include members of the Canary Islanders who established the Villa de San Fernando de Bexar in 1731 and also some of the first ranchers of Texas who later provided cattle for the troops of General Bernardo de Galvez during the American Revolution. After three years of research, author Jesse O. Villarreal, Sr., has written and published a book titled TEJANO PATRIOTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1776-1783 This book, through collections of first person accounts and compilations of other historical documents, including complete rosters, provides a spotlight on a critical period in Texas. This publication is now available for $20.00 plus $3.00 shipping. Please address requests to: Mr. Jesse O. Villarreal, Sr. |
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Presidio La Bahia,
Goliad, Texas February 2, 2013 |
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Presidio
La Bahía’s Connection to the American Revolution It’s a well-known fact that Presidio La
Bahía and Presidio San Antonio de Béxar were instrumental in
providing the vital cattle that kept Governor Bernardo de Gálvez’s
troops nourished during the American Revolution.
Many of our Tejano ancestors provided the beef and also went on
the cattle drives to move the beef to where the troops needed food.
This effort helped win the war against England. A lesser known fact
and one not yet found in history books is that our Tejano ancestors
also provided monetary donations at the request of King Carlos III to
aid in the war effort. This list of La Bahía soldiers (donativos) who donated to the American
Revolution war effort has just been discovered!
Please join
us for an informative meeting and learn the names of the soldiers who
donated to the American Revolution. Who
should attend: Descendants of Spanish soldiers serving at La Bahía
during 1776-1783, historians, DAR, SAR, genealogists, genealogy groups
and lineage organizations interested in the role of Spanish soldiers
during the American Revolution. This list not only has historical
significance but also may qualify people for membership in genealogical
groups such as the SAR and DAR. Speakers: Jesse
O. Villarreal Sr., Author & Historian A
special message from Judge Robert H. Thonhoff, Author & Historian Please contact Julia Lopez at llopez9@austin.rr.com with questions. For information on Presidio La Bahia: http://www.presidiolabahia.org/index.html |
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Exciting
news!!!
The
list of “donativos” (soldiers) from La Bahía has recently
been discovered in the Béxar Archives!
This
list contains the names of the Spanish soldiers who donated
money to the American Revolution war effort at the request of
King Carlos III as well as the amount donated by each soldier.
This list provides proof positive that the Spanish soldiers are
American patriots!
Please
join us for an informative meeting on Saturday, February 2nd
at 2:00 p.m. at Presidio La Bahía in Goliad, Texas to learn the
significance of this list and what it means both for the
descendants of the soldiers and the untold history of these
Spanish soldiers. The names of the soldiers will be read aloud
as a tribute to their service.
Attached
is a flyer detailing the meeting on February 2nd –
please forward to anyone who might have interest in this special
event, especially descendants of Spanish soldiers from Goliad,
Daughters and Sons of the American Revolution, historians,
promoters and preservers of American and Texas history including
educators, genealogists, and lineage organizations.
Seating
is limited. Please plan to attend.
Apologies
in advance - many of you on numerous email groups will receive
multiple copies of this email in an effort to invite various
organizations. This email is being sent to the Presidio La Bahia
Chapter of Daughters of the Republic of Texas, the Tejano
Genealogical Society of Austin, Daughters of the American
Revolution Spanish Task Force, friends, family members, and
others we thought might like to hear the news regarding the
missing donativo list.
Sincerely,
Lorenzo
& Julia Lopez
lorenzo lopez <llopez9@austin.rr.com>
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TEXAS
BEFORE THE ALAMO |
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Domingo
Ramon Entrada to Texas |
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paraphrased excerpts beow from Capt. Ramón's Diary, in his own words (translated from Spanish)… |
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[April 25] "This day all the religious arrived at the Presidio San Jan Bautista and everything necessary was gathered for the Entrada. I started my journey, and in this manner the train left camp for Texas with a total of seventy-five people. I, Captain Domingo Ramón; Second Lieutenant, Diego Ramón (my brother); Father Friar Isidro Félix de Espinosa; other lay Brothers and Soldiers accompany my chief convoy Captain Louis St. Denis; Juan de Medar; and Pedro Larjen, all three of whom are from France. In addition, there are women, a six year old boy, a four year old girl, two Indian guides, and three in charge of the goats. [May 14] "This day I marched in a northeasterly direction seven leagues through some mesquite brush with plenty of pasturage, crossing two dry arroyos, and we arrived at a spring on level land which we named San Pedro. This is sufficient to support a city. We entered a beautiful amenity of walnuts, grapevines, willows, elms, and other variety of trees, more than a quarter of a league from the San Antonio River. We were able to cross said river, which is large, but not deep, as it reaches our stirrups. We arrived upstream to look for a resting place and we found a good one, because it had a nice camping area with good trees and pasturage. We found the source of the San Antonio river. " The Domingo Ramón 1716 Expedition into Texas is one of the lead items exhibited on Wall of History at The Alamo, a vivid reminder of the first settlement at San Pedro Springs in the area now known as San Antonio.
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Fray Isidro de Espinosa diary: [May 14, 1716] We set out from the aforesaid river in the direction of east-northeast through hills and dales all covered with very green gramagrass. Some flint stones were found all along the way to the Arroyo de Leon, which is three leagues [7.8 mi.] distant from the river. In this stream there are pools of water. From thence by northeast we entered the plain at the San Antonio River. At the end of the plain is a small forest of sparse mesquite, and some oaks. To it suceeds the water of the San Pedro; sufficient for a mission. Along the banks of the latter, which has a thicket of all kinds of wood, and by an open path we arrived at the River San Antonio. This river is very desirable (for settlement) and favorable for its pleasantness, location, abundance of water, and multitude of fish. It is surrounded by very tall nopals [prickly-pear cactus], poplars, elms, grapevines, black mulberry trees, laurels, strawberry vines, and genuine fan-palms. There is a great deal of flax and wild hemp, and abundance of maiden-hair fern and many medicinal herbs.
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Nearly
a century after death, Civil War soldier's grave dedicated by Gail Burkhardt PEÑITAS — Ninety-five years after his death, Sgt. Ignacio Zamora was finally given his military honors thanks to the work of his great-grandson. Peñitas resident Eloy Zamora spent about eight years looking up information about his great-grandfather after discovering that he had served in the Union Army during the Civil War. After gathering all of the needed documentation, he requested and received a military headstone from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. Now Sgt. Zamora’s headstone sits next to his relatives’ graves in the small Peñitas Cemetery. “I’m a veteran myself and it’s very important we recognize and honor all those that served,” said Zamora, who served in the Army in West Berlin in 1971 and 1972. Eloy Zamora, an unemployment insurance consultant, said his mother told him in Spanish that her grandfather had fought in the Guerra Civil, the Civil War, but he assumed she meant the Mexican Revolution. Later through a search on the Internet, he found out it was actually the U.S. Civil War. "It was really a surprise for all of us to find out,” he said. |
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| Zamora
said he can trace his family back to 1749, the year Reynosa was founded.
During the next century, the Rio Grande Valley changed from being part
of the New Spain territory, to Mexico, to the Republic of Texas, to the
United States, Zamora said. "We've been Spaniards, then Mexicans, then Texans, then Americans,” he said. Zamora said he found it interesting to learn about the many Mexican-Americans who had served in the war, particularly in the Union Army in a Confederate state. About 2,550 Mexican-Texans fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War and about 950 fought in the Union Army, according to the book Vaqueros in Blue and Gray by Jerry D. Thompson. An estimated 9,500 Mexican-Americans fought in the U.S. Civil War throughout the country. About 90,000 Texans fought in the Civil War, according to the Texas State Historical Association. Sgt. Zamora, a cowboy, enlisted with the Union Army 2nd Regiment Texas Cavalry Company in Brownsville in 1864, according to records Eloy Zamora found. Ignacio Zamora was 26 when he enlisted and served until November 1865. He died in 1917 at the age of 82. Eloy Zamora found several records including a report of a skirmish Sgt. Zamora fought in near Santa Rosa, , and his discharge papers. Melissa Beall, the president of the Palo Alto Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, works with the descendents of Confederate and Union soldiers to find similar documentation in order to receive honors from Veterans Affairs. “It’s amazing where you can find the clues,” Beall said of her research. Beall said she and others comb through online records and old newspapers to find proof. While they mostly look for Confederate soldiers they’ve also helped relatives of former Union Soldiers including those of Jose Maria Loya, whose gravestone sits near Zamora’s. In November, United Daughters of the Confederacy dedicated a headstone of Abraham Rutledge, the great-grandfather of former Hidalgo County Republican Chairman Hollis Rutledge. Abraham Rutledge enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1862. The local United Daughters of the Confederacy chapter also is working to procure a tombstone for Confederate veterans in Starr County and the city of Hidalgo. Earlier this year, they dedicated the grave of a Confederate colonel south of Donna, Beall said. “I think it’s very important no matter which side they fought on for them to be remembered and for their graves to be marked,” she said. Beall said she hopes when people see such grave markers “it may spark a little bit of interest for them to go back and research and take more interest in history.” Eloy Zamora, who held a dedication ceremony in October, said he is proud of his great-grandfather, who chose to serve his country during a very difficult time. The headstone serves as a reminder of the family’s American heritage. “It’s just an awesome and great feeling to know that someone in our family fought in the Civil War, which was the bloodiest war and most horrific war we’ve had in the U.S.,” he said. Gail Burkhardt covers Mission, western Hidalgo County, Starr County and general assignments for The Monitor. She can be reached at gburkhardt@themonitor.com and (956) 683-4462. http://www.themonitor.com/news/local/article_2a900026-5612-11e2-9e78-0019bb30f31a.html#.UOeNsXL7YJk.email Sent by Mercy Bautista Olvera scarlett_mbo@yahoo.com |
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GALLANT CREOLES BY MICHAEL MARSHALL |
| "An obvious labor of love, Michael Marshall's history of the
Donaldsonville Battery Volunteer Artillery leaves
absolutely no source unturned. . . . It is a welcome contribution to
anyone's Civil War library."
~ Chris Calkins, author of !e Appomattox Campaign and !e Battles of
Appomattox "Michael Marshall paints a detailed and intimate portrait of a group of young men who left their homes on the Mississippi River and Bayou Lafourche to try and make good on the Confederacy's claims of independence. !ese rugged gunners faced the shot and shell thrown at Lee's Army of Northern Virginia with pluck and nerve, all the while standing to their duty-and their guns-resolved to see this chore through to its end. When the smoke cleared, a battle tested remnant returned to the Pelican State confident they had done their duty.A great story, well told". ~ Donald S. Frazier, author of Fire in the Cane Fields, and !under Across the Swamp Thoroughly researched, rich in detail, Michael Marshall's Gallant Creoles is a stunning tribute to a little known artillery unit from southeast Louisiana - Le Canonniers de Donaldsonville. Marshall's mastery in chronicling the history of this colorful group of artillerists who faithfully served in the Army of Northern Virginia is a must read for any Civil War enthusiast. ~ Christopher G. Peña, author of Scarred By War: Civil War in Southeast Louisiana |
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Composed of Creoles and Cajuns citizen-soldiers, the Donaldsonville Cannoniers were originally organized as a militia company in 1837 and were one of the most active and highly regarded Louisiana units during the American Civil War. Known as the Donaldsonville Artillery during the conflict, the Cannoniers were a conspicuous part of General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, participating in a number of skirmishes, artillery duels, and battles, including: Yorktown, Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Richmond's Seven Days' Battles, Second Manassas, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, North Anna, Second Cold Harbor, the Siege of Petersburg, and the Battle of Appomattox Station. !e Canonniers reorganized in July 1875 and were eventually accepted into Federal service during the Spanish-American War, before disbanding for good in November 1898. INCLUDES DETAILED BIOGRAPHICAL ENTRIES ON EVERY DONALDSONVILLE CANNONIER THAT SERVED IN THE CIVIL WAR. MICHAEL MARSHALL is a retired New Orleans Police Department detective and sergeant. He holds a Bachelor's Degree from the University of Southeastern Louisiana. He is also a former World History and Publications high school teacher and U.S. Marine. His interest in the Civil War began at a very young age during the conflict's Centennial Commemorations and family visits to battlefield parks. He is the proud father of two sons, he currently resides in Hammond, Louisiana with his wife. Sent by Bill Carmena JCarm1724@aol.com who writes: "My Great Grandfather Anthony Sanchez was a 2nd Lt. in this unit and his picture and biography will be in the book."
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The American Revolution would
never have happened with gun control. "Those who hammer their guns into plows will plow for those who do not. “ Thomas Jefferson "When you remove the people's right to bear arms, you create slaves." Sent by Gerald Frost Telger6@aol.com |
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La Familia Tobón Gónima y sus dscendientes - 2013 |
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El
fundador de la familia Tobón en Antioquia fue el Alférez don Francisco
Antonio Tobón y Zarza, natural de Jerez de la Frontera, España. Sus
padres fueron don Benito Sánchez de Tobón y doña Juana Gutiérrez
Colmenero. Contrajo matrimonio en Medellín con doña Antonia de Mesa.
De este enlace nacieron Francisco, Jerónimo, Leonor, Petronila, María
Ignacia y Juan.
Libro fuente: Genealogías
de Antioquia y Caldas de Gabriel
Arango Mejía. Por
el lado materno, el apellido Gónima lo llevó a Colombia don Rafael Gónima
y Llanos, quien emprendió viaje a América el 3 de Marzo de 1783, desde
el puerto de Cádiz. Se casó con doña María de la Encarnación Gómez
de Ureña. Se
puede ver enseguida el documento correspondiente que aparece en el
Archivo General de Indias.
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| El árbol genealógico de sus padres es el siguiente: |
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Medieval Families Unit from FamilySearch Wiki
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The Medieval Families Unit worked in the old
Ancestral File (1985-1995) on royalty and nobility to the present and
all pre-1500 families, which was an enormous task. The pre-1500 portion
alone had approximately 250,000 individuals.
Our main objective was to make sure linkage was correct and then as time permitted go back and adjust dates. Many of the dates are not actual birth dates so we used "abt" before them to signify the date when the individual might have been born. If we had an age at an event we used "Cal" for calculated date (example: age 8 in 1208 we would enter "Cal 1200" for the birth date). The Medieval Families Unit was closed in 1996 and so the task of adjusting all the dates never came to pass. Unfortunately many patrons over the years have downloaded our data and re-submitted it as their own. The main problem when adjusting "about" dates on one family is that doing so can have a ripple effect that causes other families to have date problems. Most of the people in the Medieval time period did not have an actual birth or death date recorded, only a date when they were mentioned in some kind of document. We use the "abt" date to put individuals in a time period. We know the dates can be way off as generations may be missing or connections may be incorrect. When dealing with large files, "about" dates can be very problematic and at times cannot be resolved. Once the new system is available for corrections, we can begin the task of adjusting "about" dates. This task will take years as we have to look at many families and generations to see if we have made a correct adjustment. We suggest that no information be used from Ancestral File or Pedigree Resource File at this time. Wait for the data we are preparing which will have source citations and notes. This information will be available on the Internet in the near future. This data will not have all of the dates adjusted in the beginning, but over time we plan to have most of these issues worked out. |
Benicio Samuel Sanchez Genealogista e Historiador Familiar Email: samuelsanchez@genealogia.org.mx Website: http://www.Genealogia.org.mx Office (81) 8393 0011 Cellphone 811+513+8354 Skype: Genealogia.org.mx
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Marcomir, Rey de los Francos n. a. 340.
Marcomir, Rey de los Francos y No Conocida, procrearon a: Faramundo, Rey de los Francos Salios n. a. 370, m. 428.
Faramundo, Rey de los Francos Salios y No Conocida, procrearon a:Clodion, Rey de los Francos Salios n. a. 390, m. 448.
Clodion, Rey de los Francos Salios y No Conocida, procrearon a: Meroveo, Rey de los Francos Salios n. a. 411.
Meroveo, Rey de los Francos Salios y No Conocida, procrearon a: Childerico I, Rey de los Francos Salios n. a. 436.
Childerico I, Rey de los Francos Salios se casó con Basina de Turingia, procreando a: Clodoveo I, Rey de los Francos
Clodoveo I, Rey de los Francos se casó con Santa Clotilde, procreando a: Clotario I, Rey de los Francos n. 497.
Clotario I, Rey de los Francos se casó con Arnegonda, procreando a: Chilperico I n. 539, m. 584.
Chilperico
I se amancebó con Fredegunda, procreando a: Clotario
II, Rey de los Francos n.
584, m. 629 Clotario II, Rey de los Francos se casó con Bertrude, procreando a:Dagoberto I n. 603, m. 639
Dagoberto I se casó con Nantilde, procreando a: Clodoveo II n. 634, m. 657.
Clodoveo II se casó 648 con Batilda de Ascania, procreando a:Teodorico III n. 652, m. 691
Teodorico III se casó 675 con Cleotilde, procreando a: Bertrada a Velha
Conde de Laon se casó con Bertrada a Velha. Su descendencia la refiero en el árbol de los LAON: en el capítulo La Realeza Rumbo a Reynosa.
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My father, George De La Garza,
marks his 80th birthday
by Alejandro De La Garza Oscar's Ecuadorian sojourn is just about over by grandfather Ernesto Uribe Twinkies vs pan dulce Mike Acosta |
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Today, January 14, my father, George De La Garza,
marks his 80th birthday. |
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As I stated last month when my mother turned
80, that’s still a remarkable accomplishment. My father was born and
raised in Dallas; the middle of seven children. On his father’s side,
our ancestry dates back to late 16th century Texas; something
we’d known about for years, but which he’s confirmed through his
extensive genealogical research. As you might expect, my father is kind of old school. He comes from an era when family was sacred and hard work was revered. People took care of themselves and their loved ones in his day, and they didn’t play the victim when things didn’t work out just right. He worked hard – too hard – all his life and, along with my mother, built a comfortable middle class lifestyle. He also a typical dad; doing things that only a father would do. When I was about three months old, my parents ran out of baby formula just as a major ice storm hit Northeast Texas. My father simply got dressed and walked a couple of blocks to a nearby convenience store. He thought nothing of it; what else was he supposed to do? He also thought nothing of standing on his feet several hours a day, slaving over hot printing presses in a dingy shop in downtown Dallas for more than 40 years. He’s paid for it with bad knees and gnarled toes. But, that’s what men of his generation did. They worked hard and took care of their own without question. Society doesn’t seem to produce men like my father anymore – at least not in great numbers. |
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My father and I, Easter Sunday 1967. |
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Like most Hispanics growing up in old East Dallas, he had it tough. Classified as “other,” he was occasionally complimented with comments about his fair skin and good looks, as if that made him different, or better. He told me he once actually got into a fight with a dog in the neighborhood – and won; returning home with a tiny piece of the dog’s ear hanging from the corner of his mouth. I didn’t know whether or not to believe him – as if I had any reason to doubt him, knowing how mean he could be – until his mother and oldest sister confirmed the story several years ago. That’s one of those ‘only-my-dad’ type of stories. So, here’s to my father! Happy Birthday! You mean old Mexican! My father on his 16th birthday,
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http://chiefwritingwolf.com/2013/2013/01/14/father-wolf-turns-80/
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Editor: I was privileged to receive a series of communications and asked permission to share in Somos Primos. It made me both proud and happy to see so much in this "happening". . . family, trust, generations, challenge, faith, bravery, strength of character. I think you will all feel the same. |
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To just family and a few friends..
As some of you already know, our son Augie goes
mountain climbing in the South American Andes every year between
Christmas and New Year's.
This year he took his older son Oscar, 17 with him to do
his two acclimatization climbs in Ecuador before he goes to Argentina to
climb Aconcagua, the highest
mountain in the Americas
at 22,837.3 ft.
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Dad August writes: Oscar was a real trooper and accompanied me on two acclimatization climbs. The last one was Cayambe (18,997 ft) and we stayed on the mountain for three days and two nights. The last night we did some high altitude camping on a glacier that we hiked to with all of our gear. Grandfather Ernesto writes: |
| Grandson Oscar Uribe's introduction to mountain climbing
in the Andes faired well in the two acclimation climbs in Ecuador.
He returned home on New Year's eve while his father Augie went on to
Argentina to climb Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the Western
Hemisphere. Here is Augie's brief report on a successful climb: Just a brief note to let you know that Abraham Chuquimarca and I got down from the mountain yesterday afternoon and we are now back in Mendoza. I depart for NY tomorrow. Love to everyone, A |
 Augie stands on the summit of Mt. Aconcagua, Argentina. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monte_Aconcagua.jpg |
 Aerial shot taken by airplane of Mt. Aconcagua, highest mountain in the Western hemisphere. |
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I think both my boys, Ernesto, 51, and August 50
picked up their love for the Andes while growing up in Latin
America. Augie was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
We lived in three Andean countries while the boys
and their sister Anne were growing up in Ecuador, Colombia and
Bolivia.
In all three Andean countries we did some
mountain climbing, but it was my kind of climbing and that was
only as as high as my four-wheel drive vehicle would take us. We
mostly did a lot of camping, hunting and fishing in the
mountains and Augie was always looking up at the mountain tops
wishing he could climb them.
On mountain climbing and safety, Augie always
goes with his Ecuadorian friend who is also a professional
climbing guide and who is now with him in Argentina for this
Aconcagua Mountain climb... and I am sure they are on the way up
that mountain as I write this.
We picked Oscar up at Dulles airport late last
night and his cheeks are sunburned but otherwise very fit and
eager to go with his dad next year.
Augie works hard as senior VP with Sotheby's in
NYC and plays hard climbing mountains. He has climbed every
major peak that is not an active volcano in Ecuador and has
climbed Mt. Fuji in Japan, and several mountains in France and
Mexico. Most of his climbs outside Ecuador he has managed while
on business trips to Mexico, France and Japan.. He just takes
his climbing gear and takes a couple of days off after he
finishes his business.
I think a story in Somos Primos would be really
great!
Happy New Year,
Ernesto
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| August O. Uribe (Augie
to family and friends) has a very fascinating history, including serving
as auctioneer for the very prominent Sotheby's in New York. Currently he
serves as their Senior Vice-President of Impressionist
and Modern Paintings. His background includes curator for The Wray Collections, Trustee for the Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution, and Board Member for Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions. Mr. Uribe has worked in a variety of roles since 1991. Utilizing his strong background in Latin American art, Mr. Uribe has lectured and participated in panel discussions at numerous institutions both nationally and internationally, including the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, the Caracas Museum of Contemporary Art, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Monterrey, Denver Art Museum, and the San Diego Museum of Art. Mr. Uribe also serves as a Trustee for the Archives of American Art at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. From 1998 to 2002, he served on the Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibition's Board of Directors. Mr. Uribe was on the Mexican Cultural Institute Advisory Board to the Consul General of Mexico in New York from 1993 to 1998. Prior to that, he was curator of The Wray Collections in Scottsdale, where he oversaw a collection of more than 10,000 objects and paintings ranging from prehistoric Native American art to modern Latin American work. Uribe received his B.A. from Princeton University in 1985. http://www.zoominfo.com/#!search/profile/person?personId=14474946&targetid=profile
Mimi,
We are very proud of Augie. He just turned 50 in
December. What is most important is that he is also a good husband,
and father to both his sons, ages 14 and 16.
Ernesto
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Twinkies vs pan dulce |
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| There was a time when Mexicans in Mexico served white wonder type bread for dinner. This airy bread gave cultural presence that a family had become a new member of middle class society. And here in the u.s., many mimicking
Chicano families followed suit believing that, "what's good for the Mexican, must be good for the
Chicano." and no one mimicked neo middle class values more than my good looking aunt Julia. But she didn't stop at insisting that we serve her wonder bread, she also made sure there was always skim milk on the dining table whenever she visited.
Julia was a bit fresh even at age forty, and no doubt felt that the tasteless spongy bread and non-fat chalky tasting milk preserved her knockout figure. Yes I had a little crush on her, kind of an oedipus-mex thing. But even more impressive about her was the fact she would always bring Twinkies to give to me and my sweet-toothed siblings. I know that some may be tempted to call me a vendido for preferring Twinkies to traditional pan dulce at that time. But there was a reason for this preference, namely a street tunnel to Chayo's panaderia. reckless drivers on the street between the area where I lived and Chayo's made crossing the street dangerous any time of day or night. |
And for our convenience the city had built an underground tunnel thru which we could cross to the other side of the street in "safety." But here's the catch; homeless winos used this tunnel as their private urinal and by the time any of us crossed to the other side our sense of smell was usually wasted; and the upshot to me was that in preferring tunnel-safety, my olfactory ability to enjoy the wonderful aromas of chayo's pan dulce offerings suffered. Associations as everyone knows are hard to break and for a long time I couldn't stop associating pan dulce with that awful tunnel crossing . Twinkies on the other hand I associated with the freshness of aunt Julia's visit. Feliz anyo Nuevo y Viva la raza. Comment by Devon Pena, Ph.D.
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FAMILY HISTORY RESEARCH |
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Notarial records:
Adding cultural context to your family tree by Debbie Gurtler (English) and Sonia Meza Morales (Spanish) March 21-23, Rootstech Conference, Salt Lake City, Free Interactive Pedigree Chart More Peruvian records added to Family Search Database Free Family History and Genealogy Records |
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| TARASANTCHI, Ruth Sprung. "Minha descoberta de Pedro Weingärtner", in Pedro Weingärtner 1853-1929: um artista entre o Velho e o Novo Mundo. São Paulo: Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo, 2009, p.152. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WEING%C3%84RTNER_Pedro_-_O_not%C3%A1rio_1892.jpg |
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In Spain there were several types of notaries. · Royal notaries (escribanos reales) who served the monarchy and other governmental organizations. · Provincial or criminal notaries (escribanos de provincia o de criminal) who served various courts in judicial functions. ·
Ecclesiastic and Apostolic notaries
(escribanos eclesiásticos y apostólicos)
who served the Catholic Church. ·
Public
Notaries (escribanos públicos o
de número) who served the general public. Of these four types of notaries the ones whose documents are used most often in genealogical research are those of the public notary. A public notary served in a town or a large city. Determining the name of the notary where your ancestors might have gone to have their legal documents recorded is an important first step in beginning to use notarial records. If your ancestors lived in a small town, there may have been only one notary or they may have had to travel to a nearby town because their town had no notary. If your ancestors lived in a large city, you may have to determine if they went to a notary near their home or if they went to one that had strong connections to their family but whose office may not have been close by. Most provincial and notarial archives where the records are kept have created catalogues identifying the notaries in the area and the years of their service. Once you’ve determined the name of the local notary for the time period you wish to search, you will want to begin examining the records. The records are generally found in large books or bundles of loose leaf pages called legajos. Usually one legajo contained one year but in smaller towns there might have been more than one year per legajo or in a large city there may have been more than one legajo per year. Some notaries included indexes with the names of the main parties involved in the transactions at the front of the legajo. Other legajos have no indexes and a page by page examination of the documents is a must. Given the legal nature of the documents most follow a standard format. Once you learn to recognize the format, reading the documents becomes easier. Just as in wills from other countries testamentos in Spain almost always begin with the words “In the name of God amen” or “En el nombre de Dios amen.” The most important types of documents to consider are testaments, marriage contracts, death inventories, donations, partitions of goods, letters of payment, and transfers of land, with the latter two being less important than those preceding them. Recently while doing research in the province of Navarra there was a gap in the parish books during the time period when the couple being researched should have married. Although an ecclesiastical marriage record was not located, several notarial documents mentioned the marriage. Among them was a letter of payment acknowledging receipt of marital goods received by the bride and groom from the bride’s parents. The document referenced the name of another notary, from a nearby town where the couple had married, who had recorded the marriage contract. Wills generally list all the names of the heirs of the deceased. Sometimes you might also find among the many requests for religious rites the names of relatives who predeceased the testator. Death inventories often list heirs. One of the fascinating aspects of death inventories and marriage contracts are the long lists of items owned by the deceased or given to the couple. They provide a fascinating glimpse into the life and everyday activities during the time period adding a rich cultural background to your family tree.
Most of these records must be viewed onsite in an
archive because not many have been microfilmed as of the writing of this
article. Some archives are in the process of digitizing their notarial
records and placing them online. |
| Spain, Cadiz, Testaments, 1550-1920, Cadiz, San Fernando, Emilio Casas Montero (1872), Protocol 468, 1872, image578 http://familysearch.org/pal/MM9.3.1/TH-1951-32877-43? |
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The following are just a few that we know of. If you are aware of more, we’d love to hear about them. El
Archivo Histórico de Protocolos de Guipúzcoa
Spain, Cádiz, Testaments, 1550-1920 Archives
specializing in notarial documents Archivo
Histórico de Protocolos de Madrid Archivo
de Protocolos de Granada |
| For more
information about notarial records, see Chapter 12 “Notarial
Records” in Tracing Your Hispanic Heritage by George R. Ryskamp (Riverside, CA:
Hispanic Family History Research, 1984) |
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Por Debbie Gurtler y Sonia Meza
Morales |
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Los archivos notariales
no
son
demasiado conocidos por
los
genealogistas principiantes,
pero son un recurso
muy valioso
para
la información genealógica
y
el entorno cultural
de su
familia y su
comunidad. En
muchas comunidades, el notario sólo fue superado por
el
párroco en
el conocimiento de los
acontecimientos de la
ciudad. Los
notarios eran
y siguen siendo requeridos
para escribir
y registrar documentos legales no sólo
en España sino en
la mayoría de los
países del mundo. Los
documentos
registrados por
un notario público variaron
entre las
transacciones de tierras a los de testamentos
y
de contratos
matrimoniales a
los
inventarios de la
muerte, así como muchos
otros que
serían largos enumerar aquí. En España
existen
varios
tipos de
notarios. ·
Escribanos reales
que
servían a la monarquía
y
otras organizaciones gubernamentales. De estos cuatro
tipos de notarios
aquellos
cuyos documentos
se utilizan con
mayor frecuencia en la investigación genealógica
son
los del notario
público. Un
notario público sirvió
en
un pueblo o una
ciudad grande. Determinar el
nombre
del notario donde
sus ancestros
podrían
haber ido
a tener
sus
documentos legales registrados
es fundamental
para
empezar a utilizar
los registros notariales.
Si
sus antepasados
vivían en
un pueblo pequeño,
puede haber sido sólo
un
notario
o
pueden haber tenido
que viajar a
una ciudad cercana, porque su pueblo
no
tenía ningún notario.
Si
sus antepasados
vivieron en
una ciudad grande, es posible que tenga
que determinar si
fueron
a un notario
cerca
de su casa o
si
iban a
uno que tenía
relación con
la familia,
pero cuya oficina
puede no haber sido cercana. La
mayoría de los
archivos históricos provinciales
y archivos notariales
donde
se
guardan los registros han
creado
catálogos
de identificación
de los notarios
en el área
y
los años de su
servicio. Una vez que
haya determinado el
nombre del notario
local para
el período de tiempo
que desea buscar,
usted
querrá empezar
a examinar los
registros. Los
registros se encuentran
generalmente en grandes libros o
paquetes de páginas
de hojas suelta
llamadas
“legajos”.
Por
lo general, un
legajo
abarcaba
un
año, pero en
los pueblos pequeños no
podrían
haber sido
más de un
año por cada legajo
o
en
una gran ciudad puede
haber habido más
de un legajo
anual.
Algunos
notarios
incluyeron
índices
con los
nombres de los participantes
principales involucrados en los documentos en
el
frente del legajo.
Otros
legajos
no tienen
ningún
índice y
el examen página por
página
de
los documentos es una
necesidad. Por la naturaleza jurídica
de
los documentos se sigue
un formato estándar.
Una
vez que aprenda a
reconocer el
formato, la
lectura de los documentos
se
hará más fácil. Al
igual que en
los testamentos de
otros países los testamentos
en
España casi
siempre
comienzan con las
palabras "En el Nombre de Dios
Amén."
Los
tipos de mayor importancia de los documentos a
considerar son testamentos,
contratos matrimoniales, inventarios de muerte, donaciones,
particiones de
bienes, cartas de pago
y
ventas de
tierra, los dos últimos siendo
menos importantes
que los anteriores.
Los testamentos
generalmente
nombran
todos los herederos
de la
persona fallecida. A
veces también se puede
encontrar
entre las
numerosas solicitudes de los ritos religiosos
los
nombres de los
familiares que murieron
antes que el
testador. Inventarios
de
muerte a
menudo nombran a herederos.
Uno
de los aspectos
más fascinantes de los
inventarios de muerte
y
de los contratos matrimoniales
son las
largas listas de
elementos que
fueron propiedad del difunto o
que fueron dados a la
pareja. Ellos
proporcionan
una visión fascinante
de la vida
y
las actividades diarias durante el período de
tiempo
y agregan un
fondo cultural
rico a
su
árbol genealógico. Los registros notariales
se
encuentran más frecuentemente en
los
archivos históricos
provinciales.
Algunos,
sin embargo, se pueden encontrar en
los archivos notariales,
municipales
o
locales. Una
buena guía para las
colecciones de distintos
archivos en
España se
puede encontrar en el
sitio
PARES utilizando
su Censo-Guía
de Archivos. Para
obtener más información
acerca
de los registros notariales
en España,
por
favor, lea este
artículo Archivos
Notariales Históricos Memorial Documental de España.
Se
puede usar Google
Translate para ayudarle a leer
el
artículo,
si usted
no entiende español. La mayoría de estos
registros
deben ser
vistos en
un archivo del lugar porque no muchos se
han microfilmado cuando
se escribió este artículo.
Algunos
archivos están
en el proceso
de digitalización y
publicación en línea de registros
notariales. Los
siguientes son sólo
algunos que conocemos.
Si
usted sabe más, nos encantaría poder saberlo. Registros
en línea El
Archivo Histórico de Protocolos de Guipúzcoa
Spain,
Cádiz, Testaments, 1550-1920 Archivos
especializados
en
documentos
notariales Archivo
Histórico de Protocolos de Madrid Archivo
de Protocolos de Granada Archivos
de Protocolos de Sevilla Archivo
Histórico de Protocolos de Barcelona Para más
información sobre registros notariales, vea capítulo 12 “Notarial
Records” en Tracing Your
Hispanic Heritage por George R. Ryskamp (Riverside, CA: Hispanic
Family History Research, 1984). Texto en inglés. Debbie
Gurtler,AG® Latin America Research Consultant Family History Library Salt Lake City, Utah Office: 801-240-2732 |
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2013 ROOTSTECH CONFERENCE , MARCH 21-23, SALT LAKE CITY |
The 3rd annual RootsTech conference offers new and
exciting resources for individuals of all skill levels, including a New!
Getting Started track and Developer Day, more exciting Classes &
Workshops, and a 40% bigger Expo Hall.
Where Families Connect: RootsTech is an opportunity
unlike any other to discover the latest family history tools and
techniques, connect with experts to help you in your research, and be
inspired in the pursuit of your ancestors. Learn how to find,
organize, preserve and share
your family's connections and history. Read
More... http://rootstech.org/
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| Free
Interactive Pedigree Chart
This
free ancestor pedigree chart records the ancestors from whom you
directly descend--with additional room for one generation of
descendants. You can fill it in right from your browser or on your
computer, and then save or print.
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More Peruvian records added to Family Search database |
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| Family Search continues to digitize records from all over the world. Volunteers are very much in need to index the records. You will be trained and welcomed to how many hours you devote to this monumental task, which benefits the WHOLE world. | |
| Peru, Amazonas, Civil Registration, 1939-1995 Peru, Huánuco, Civil Registration, 1889-1997 Peru, Puno, Civil Registration, 1890-2005 Peru, Lima, Civil Registration, 1874-1996 |
37,133 39,568 30,019 279,836 |
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| Search
Results from User Submitted Trees https://familysearch.org/search/trees/index#count=20&query=%2B subcollection_ id%3AMM95-8JG
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| Feb 23: New Mexico DNA and Iberian Peninsula DNA Projects Research solves 220 year mystery of Louis XVI |
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Saturday, February 23, 2013, 2:00 PM |
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Research solves 220 year mystery of Louis XVI remains in calabash |
| For years researchers have been trying to verify the claim that an ornately decorated calabash contained a blood sample of the king, who was guillotined in Paris on January 21, 1793. On that day Parisian Maximilien Bourdaloue joined the crowds as they dipped a handkerchief into the blood left at the scene of the decapitation. |
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| Blood found in the gourd, right, was compared to DNA of the
mummified skull of Henri IV, left, which found a genetic link |
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Two years ago, analysis of DNA taken from traces of
blood found inside the gourd revealed a likely match for someone of
Louis' description, including his blue eyes. Their research has uncovered a rare genetic signature shared by two men separated by seven generations, and managed to provide evidence for the authenticity of both sets of remains in the process. French forensic pathologist Philippe Charlier said: 'This study shows that (the owners of the remains) share a genetic heritage passed on through the paternal line.
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| Sent by John Inclan fromgalveston@yahoo.com
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Saturday, Feb 9th: John Palacio, Searching Newspapers for Family Research,
SHHAR Santa Ana Canyon Work Crew by Cris Villasenor Saturday, March 2, 2013: All Day Genealogy Event at Huntington Beach Central Library |
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John Palacio |
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MEETINGS AND
PRESENTATIONS:
All SHHAR monthly
meetings are held at the Orange Multi-Regional Family History Center, 674 S. Yorba St.,
Orange, CA
9:00-10:00
Hands-on Computer Assistance for Genealogical Research
10:00-10:15
Welcome and Introductions
10:15-11:30
Speaker and/or Special Workshop
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Society of Hispanic Historical & Ancestral Research holds its
monthly meetings at Orange County Multi-regional Family History Center.
Its facility is staffed
with volunteers and computers to help anyone interested in pursuing
their personal family history research.
There is no membership
requirement, or cost for using the facility.
Open to the public: Monday-Thursday, 9 am to 9 pm, &
Friday-Saturday 9 am to 5 pm.
Don Garcia, a SHHAR Board members is on staff, Wednesdays
afternoon. |
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 While
I was recently reading the 2012 July issue of Somos Primos, Orange
County section ; I was amazed to see my Dad in a picture. My
family has a similar photo of him with the same railroad crew. Our
picture is dated October 14, 1947 in Long Beach, CA. He is the third
person in from left in both pictures. The article was written by Albert
Vela Ph.D., and entitled: On The Tracks To The Westminster Mexican
Barrio, 1870 - 1940, Part 1 of 6. Third person in from the left of
the picture of the work crew in Santa Ana Canyon, is my Dad, Antonio
Garcia Lozano, at the age of 22.
Santa
Fe Mexican Crew in Santa Ana Canyon 1950s, Section Foreman Jasper Dyer. |
| He
hails from General Zuazua, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. This ranch was formerly a
section of Marin, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. He married in Monterrey,
Nuevo Leon, Mexico in 1945. He moved to my Mom's hometown Laredo, Texas
in 1946, and came out to California the latter of 1946 working on the
railroad.
Initially, they lived in railroad housing in Sunset Beach, and moved inland to Barber City (now incorporated as Westminster). They then moved to Olive Street and lived in a little house on the corner of Maple and Olive behind the Castillo's. They moved to Santa Paula Street in Anaheim, now known as Stanton. In 1959 they moved back to Westminster next to the high school. He was a late comer to the area in 1946 but lived here for most of his life. He passed at the age of 84. On his off time he worked in the fields of Orange County. He left the railroad to work in construction and was a member of the Laborer's Union Local 507 in Long Beach, CA for over fifty years. He had a handyman business after he retired. He worked hard and always took pride in a job well done. He never went to school, and always had the right answer of my algebra homework. He was a math genius. He read the morning newspaper and insisted on taking his driver's test in English. He totally lived the American Dream and accomplished a lot. He owned a primary home in Westminster, and a retirement ranch in San Antonio, Texas. He also had a house in General Zuazua, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. He was the only one of eleven siblings who came to the U.S. They lovingly called him the Malinche of the family for leaving. All my relatives are there. Growing up my family had the best vacations. I am now working on my family genealogy project, and reconnecting with all of my cousins and now; their kids. He was married for 64 years, and was Dad to five children. The last child, was my brother Antonio, the only boy and Dad's namesake. My brother Antonio earned his Ph.D. in comparative literature at Princeton.
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| Saturday,
March 2, 2013: All Day Genealogy Event at Huntington Beach Central Library |
| Orange County California Genealogical Society (OCCGS),
will be celebrating their 50th Anniversary by hosting an inaugural “Genealogy BASH and Book Faire” Below is information about an all day genealogy event sponsored by the Orange Co. CA Genealogical Society. There is also a flyer attached with additional details, including names of speakers and titles of talks. Ten of Southern California’s best family history speakers will give talks on subjects ranging from how the Internet is changing genealogical research to DNA testing for genealogy. There will be 20 lectures in four sessions from which to choose. There is a wide range of subjects that will be of interest to anyone who is researching their family roots. Seating is guaranteed if pre-registered on their website There is a fee to attend the lectures. Parking is free in the large library lot. Those just beginning their quest for their family’s history will have the opportunity to learn from professionals in free classes also held throughout the day. Free sign-ups are on the organization’s website. There are two title sponsors for the event, Findmypast and FamilySearch. Both will have company representatives available to discuss their products. There will also be additional exhibitors in attendance that is open to the public. OCCGS manages the 20,000 volume Genealogy collection at the Huntington Beach Central Library. The public is invited to visit the collection and have a guided tour. There will be a Book Faire for people who want to add to their personal genealogical library. Prices for the books and other genealogical materials at the Book Faire are at bargain basement prices. The Book Faire is free and open to the public. The Huntington Beach Central Library is located at 7111 Talbert Ave., Huntington Beach, CA 92648. Doors open at 8:00 AM and the first session starts at 9:15 AM. See the OCCGS website, http://www.occgs.com , and click on the BASH button for full details and registration information. Sue Roe SueMHR@aol.com Sent by Tom Saenz |
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Boyle Heights: Arte Vida y Amor
Best Indescribable Wall Art - Best of Los Angeles, George Yepes Googie Style, Reflections on a Southern California Style
And the Annex Presents: The Love Show: Hearts & Flowers, by Nancy
Romero
Los Angeles Conservancy A Bit of Downtown History: Tour of the Subway Terminal Area by Tom Wetzel
March 21st: La Plaza de Cultura Y Artes present The City of Dreams
Tribute Dinner
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 The Avenue 50 Studio and the Violence Intervention Program Forensic Center and Community-based Assessment and Treatment Center at the LAC+USC Medical Center Outpatient Department (VIP) are proud to present our third and last exhibition at the Medical Village |
Boyle Heights: Arte Vida y Amor a selection of work by artists who have lived, loved, worked and played in Boyle Heights Co-Curated by Abel Salas of Brooklyn & Boyle and Kathy Gallegos Opening Night reception: Friday, January 25, 2013 from 6-8 pm Boyle Heights continues through March 30, 2013 LAC+USC—The Medical Village 2010 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90033 |
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Barbara
Carrasco, David Botello, Fabian Debora, Frank Romero, George Yepes,
Gronk, Jon Measures, Jose Ramirez, John Carlos De Luna, Linda Arreola,
Margaret Garcia, Ofelia Esparza, Oscar Castillo, Poli Marichal, Rafael
Cardenas, Ramon Ramirez, Raoul De la Sota, Ricardo Mendoza, Richard
Duardo, Roberto Gutierrez, Wayne Healy, Wenceslao Quiroz Avenue 50 Studio is supported in part by the Los Angeles
County Board of Supervisors through the Los Angeles County Arts
Commission; the California Community Foundation; the Department of
Cultural Affairs; the California Council for the Humanities; and The
James Irvine Foundation
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Ménage à trois at LunaSol Gallery and Avenue 50 Gallery Exhibit at LAC • USC. "BEST INDESCRIBABLE WALL ART" - BEST OF LOS ANGELES George Yepes. "Muralist and Painter Yepes is Los Angeles' greatest living Baroque artist". Marc B. Haefele, Writer LA WEEKLY "When it comes to sheer touch that combines beautiful control over line and brushwork, yet seemingly spontaneous expression, George Yepes is among the best. His darkly romantic excess can't help but make you think he would have been Dante Gabriel Rossetti's (1828 - 1882, London, England), equal among the Pre-Raphaelites. But these saints and sinners are hardly a throwback. Yepes' painting has a visual density and suggestiveness that is as tantalizing to the intellect as it is arresting for the eye". ~ ArtScene: The Guide to over 450 Los Angeles Art Galleries and Museums "Like Jacopo Robusti Tintoretto (1518 - 1594, Venice, Italy), GeorgeYepes has the ability to pull down from heaven the designs which God has for humans and paint them so people can discover through the paintings what they are deaf to in words". ~ Dr. David Carrasco, Professor - Historian of Religions Editor-in-Chief, Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures Director, Moses Mesoamerican Archive and Research Project Neil L. Rudenstine Professor of the Study of Latin America Divinity School - Harvard University |
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Ménage à trois at LunaSol Gallery YEPES • KANE • ZARATE: "POWER-THREESOME SMACK-DOWN" OPENING NIGHT and ARTIST RECEPTION: FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 2013 6PM - 10PM Exhibit Open from February 8, 2013 through March 8, 2013 Featured Artists: George Yepes, East Los Angeles, California Maria Kilcha Kane, San Antonio, Texas Julie Zarate, Houston, Texas Event Location: LUNA/SOL GALLERY 6711 Bright Avenue Historic Uptown Whittier (at Bailey Ave. and Philladelphia Ave.) Whittier, California 90601 USA Phone: (562) 201- 9415 Email: lunasolbooks@yahoo.com |
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This exhibition was commissioned by the Civic Art Program of the Los
Angeles County Arts Commission Avenue 50 Gallery Exhibit at LAC • USC • (VIP) Exhibit Open from January 25, 2013 through March 30, 2013 Featured Artists: GEORGE YEPES, GRONK, FRANK ROMERO, RICHARD DUARDO, DAVID BOTELLO, WAYNE HEALY, MARGARET GARCIA, BARBARA CARRASCO, FABIAN DEBORA, JON MEASURES, JOSE RAMIREZ, JUAN CARLOS DE LUNA, LINDA ARREOLA, OFELIA ESPARZA, OSCAR CASTILLO, POLI MARICHAL, RAFAEL CARDENAS, RAOUL DE LA SOTA, RICHARD MENDOZA, ROBERTO GUTIERREZ, WENCESLAO QUIROZ. Event Location: LAC • USC Los Angeles County University of Southern California 2010 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, California 9033 USA For more information call: (323) 258-1435 Email: ave50studio@sbcglobal.net Exhibit Open from January 25, 2013 through March 30, 2013 This Exhibition is Co-Curated by Abel Salas of Brooklyn & Boyle Art Center and Kathy Gallegos of Avenue 50 Studio Avenue 50 Studio is supported in part by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors through the Los Angeles County Arts Commission; the California Community Foundation; the Department of Cultural Affairs; the California Council for the Humanities; and the James Irvine Foundation. www.georgeyepes.com Sent by George Yepes george@georgeyepes.com |
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Googie Style Reflections on a Southern California Style Armando Arreola, Mixed Media Works on Board Opening Night Reception: Saturday, February 9, 2013 from 7-10 pm Exhibt to run until through March 3, 2013 Architecture in the US has has an interesting history. Since the 1800’s we've seen the Victorian, Italianate and craftsman style immigrate from England. Googie Style sprouted from our very own LA City streets during the wild and crazy decade of rock and roll, LA developed a totally local style coined Googie in 1952 by Douglas Haskell of "House and Home" magazine. |
| This period of time -- the beginnings of space exploration, the rise of post war capitalism, and the coining of another term, “teenagers”, symbolize the era. Googie Style mirrors the excess of post World War II US exuberance; a period of time when US capitalism was on the rise, and we were king of the jungle. Armando Arreola, observant artist of all things peculiarly different decided to sink his teeth into the past and recover from it a piece of history in need of reconsideration. A child of the 50's himself, a west side chanticleer of disrespected art historical instances, Armando elevates Googie Style buildings into signature portraits where form overpowers a proper mannered taste. Please join us on Saturday, February 9 from 7-10 pm for an artist reception where you can confront the artist with questions of classism. The Avenue 50 Studio considers this exhibit one of important cross-class revelation. Who does architecture serve -- the masses or the elite? Please join us in an animated discussion of architectural relevance. |
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And the Annex Presents |
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| Beth Peterson Cola Smith Emilia Garcia Isabel Martinez Jackie Jefferies Lili Bernard |
Linsley Lambert Margaret Garcia Mavis Leahy Pat Gomez Pat Payne Pola Lopez |
Nancy Romero Sonia Romero Sophia Gasparian Tina Gulotta-Miller Yana Nirvana Zeal Harris |
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| Opening Night Reception: Saturday, February 9, 2013 from 7-10 pm Love, an important life source of all things biological will be explored in our February exhibit. With the imminent arrival of spring, ribald thoughts of carnival and our desire to warm up, what better way to celebrate the season than to hold a valentine feast. Warm up with the Avenue 50 Studio this February 9, from 7-10pm for our look into love. February 9, 2013 through March 3, 2013 Avenue 50 Studio, Inc. a 501(c)(3) non-profit art gallery 131 North Avenue 50 Highland Park, CA 90042 323-258-1435 http://www.avenue50studio.org |
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Los Angeles Conservancy |
Dear Mimi, The Conservancy works to promote win-win strategies to ensure landmarks adapt to the ever-evolving city around them. Vintage postcard courtesy Roadsidepictures on flickr. Contemporary photo by Larry Underhill. Can you still visit that landmark and share the experience with friends and family? Or can you see it only through your memories and photographs because it no longer exists? The Los Angeles Conservancy’s preservation advocacy efforts and education programs span all 88 cities in Los Angeles County – and we want to guarantee that no more favorite landmarks are needlessly lost to the wrecking ball. We hope you will support our efforts this year by becoming a member or by donating to our Preservation Advocacy Fund. Your support matters! Thank you! Sincerely, Linda Dishman Executive Director Los Angeles Conservancy | 523 W. Sixth St. Suite 826 | Los Angeles, CA 90014 213-623-2489 | www. laconservancy.org Preservation Advocacy Fund: Preservation in Action
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| A Bit of Downtown History: Tour of the Subway Terminal Area by Tom Wetzel |
| Editor:
Lots of important action being taken to preserve the history of Los
Angeles. If you have a heritage connection to Los Angeles, like I
have, you may want to search out the many websites concentrating on
different time periods in the history of the city of Los Angeles.
I was really pleased to do check their website and see what has already been done, and what still needs to be done. Little is left of the Bunker Hill homes, an area where many newly arrived Mexicans, fleeing the Mexican revolution, made their homes. The large, two and three story homes became rentals to many families who rented rooms in those large mansions, as my grandfather and mother. Just browsing the sites and photos reawakened many memories. Came across this website which, in addition to wonderful photos has a great map identifying the locations of stores, businesses, government buildings. It shows exactly where Bunker Hill and Angel's Flight, Grand Central Market, Pershing Square, Million Dollar Theater, and other sites are located. |
| Part 1: Copyright © 1999 (revised 2006) Tom Wetzel Pershing Square Main Street Station Grand Central Public Market |
Part 2: Angels' Flight Court Hill Bunker Hill What caused the decline of the downtown? |
| Into the early 1950s the Subway Terminal in downtown Los
Angeles was a major transportation hub. Because of its historical
importance, the Subway Terminal is a convenient starting point for a dig
into bits of downtown L.A. history. In this tour we look at the area
within walking distance of the subway terminal. In the map below, circa
1950-53, the Subway Terminal Building is marked in red.
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March 21st: La Plaza de Cultura Y Artes present The City of Dreams Tribute Dinner |
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Stepping Stones Through Genealogy by Sylvia Contreras - Part 2
February 21-23rd California Historian Symposium March 16: San Diego Opera presents: Cruzar la Cara de la Luna Huell Howser, KCET’s California Gold passed away January 7, 2013.
Historic Artifact Stolen from the Oakland Museum of California
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STEPPING STONES THROUGH GENEALOGY In the small unincorporated industrial city of
Rancho Dominguez lies a gem of early California history, Dominguez
Rancho Adobe Museum. It is
an 1826 adobe built on a hilltop, a place of such calm and peace, one
can easily forget they are in heavily populated Los Angeles County.
So hidden is the Rancho, that after several years, I visited the
historical landmark late 2009, only three miles from home. Upon
my first visit, as I traveled up the long driveway, it felt as if the
place made my heart stop, taking my breath away and gasping for air.
On my third tour with a veteran docent, I was signed up right on
the spot to join the February 2010 docent training.
Me – a museum docent? HA,
what a laugh! Even my
friends and family found my newfound interest so unlike me.
Today, January 2013, I am now one of the veteran docents too. In 1784, a Spanish soldier, Juan Jose Dominguez, is granted the first Southern California land grant of 75,000 acres known as Rancho San Pedro. The Spanish soldier traveled with Junipero Serra in the 1769 Expedition to “Alta” California that departed from La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. (Serra, the priest associated with the California Missions). The 1826 adobe was built by the soldier’s great-nephews. The one who lived in it with his family was Manuel Dominguez.
At the time, my docent partner shared her book,
“Historic Torrance” because she thought I would like to read it.
It was time to return the book.
At the owner’s insistence, I kept it a while longer.
Good thing too. That
book was my crucial stepping stone through genealogy. A couple of days after the conversation with my
father’s widow, I continued reading the book focusing on the Dominguez
family chapter. I read that
the 1769 Expedition troop departed from La Paz, BCS, with Juan Jose
Dominguez, an unknown detail to me then. My heart felt pounding against
my chest as my mind raced. Knowing
that San Antonio, BCS was near La Paz, could it be possible – that
somehow my family lineage is connected to that expedition? As I turned the page, there on the top right corner, was a small picture of a 1773 payroll document. The excerpt stated the document named Juan Jose Dominguez. That the document was located in the archives at California State Dominguez Hills. I made an appointment to attain a full-size copy. Still learning how to read Old Spanish, eventually the name “Gabriel de Oxeda” came to light in that 1773 document. And so, the quest for my genealogy began at full steam ahead, to find Jose Gabriel Ojeda, the Spanish 1700’s soldier. You see, my maiden name is Sylvia Ojeda. I had a gut feeling that the soldier is my paternal great-great-…grandfather.
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March 16, 2 pm and 7pm San Diego Opera presents: Cruzar la Cara de la Luna Featuring Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán You've got to come see the world's first mariachi opera, featuring the best mariachi in the world and music by Pepe Martinez. This is truly a historic piece of music, and everyone is thrilled that the San Diego Opera is bringing it to San Diego. Let's make it a hit! http://www.sdopera.com/Operas/Cruzar jeff@virtuosomariachi.com |
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Huell
Howser, television personality best known for KCET’s California
Gold passed away January 7, 2013. Howser
retired in November and had recently left his personal archive to
Chapman University. Howser, a native Tennessean with a twang to match, died in Palm Springs at 2:35 a.m. of natural causes, according to the Riverside County coroner's office. Howser's spokesman, Ryan Morris, told City News Service that Howser died at his home following a long illness. Morris, who declined to give details on Howser's illness, said there would be no public or private services. "He was very against any sort of tribute or funeral," Morris said, adding that Howser would joke, "We all have to die." He declined to list survivors, saying Howser's family requested privacy. |
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Howser, who retired from KCET in November, was best known for hosting the series California's Gold, which ran for 19 years on PBS stations, including KCET in Southern California. "We are deeply saddened by the news of Huell's passing," according to a statement by KCET President/CEO Al Jerome. "This is a tremendous personal and professional loss to his friends and colleagues, as well as his legions of fans. Huell elevated the simple joys and undiscovered nuggets of living in our great state. ... Huell was able to brilliantly capture the wonder in obscurity. From pastrami sandwiches and artwork woven from lint to the exoticism of cactus gardens and the splendor of Yosemite -- he brought us the magic, the humor and poignancy of our region. We will miss him very much." Howser, often lampooned for his accent and wide-eyed wonder at roadside attractions, became so well-known while hosting California's Gold that his character was incorporated into two episodes of The Simpsons. Howser started his television career at WSM in Nashville after working for U.S. Sen. Howard Baker and serving in the U.S. Marine Corps. The University of Tennessee graduate whose unusual first name is a combination of his parents' -- Harold and Jewell -- became a well-known television personality in Nashville for his human interest stories. He later hosted a magazine-style series at WCBS in New York City before moving to Los Angeles in 1981 to work for KCBS-TV. He later served a stint as a weekend Entertainment Tonight host (1982-83) and eventually joined KCET in 1985. At KCET, he started Videolog, short programs featuring people's unique stories. The series later became California's Gold. Howser quietly retired late last year, amid rumors of failing health. Morris told the Los Angeles Times in November that Howser would stop filming new shows, saying he "is just trying to get away from television and enjoy some free time." Morris told City News Service that Howser donated his work to Chapman University in Orange. He donated episodes of California's Gold and all his other public television shows to Chapman in 2011 so they can be digitized, put on the Internet and "made available free to a worldwide online audience," according to Chapman's website. Howser, who had lived in the El Royale Apartments in Los Angeles, also once owned an unusual Newberry Springs home known as "The Volcano House." The KCET show SoCal Connected plans to air special segment on Howser at 5:30 p.m. Monday, then again at 10 p.m. Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa called Howswer "a Los Angeles treasure and California icon." "Although he was originally from Tennessee, Huell loved California more than most natives," the mayor said. "His long-running television program, California's Gold, shared with audiences the best our state has to offer. "Huell would travel anywhere to show viewers the beauty and variety of the Golden State, from its most famous landmarks to the least known sights. And his boundless enthusiasm and curiosity was infectious, making us all see these places with the same amazement he did," Villaraigosa said. "His death is a loss that will be felt throughout Los Angeles and California. He will be greatly missed." City Councilman Tom LaBonge also hailed Howser, saying the state had "lost a great one." "Noboby comes near Huell in his love of people, his love of California, his love of a manhole cover, a street light, an art deco building," according to LaBonge, who was sworn into office by Howser in 2001. "... If he ran for governor, there would be never another
election," LaBonge added.
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Historic Artifact Stolen from the Oakland Museum of California |
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BURGLARY RESULTS IN PRECIOUS ARTIFACT STOLEN FROM OAKLAND MUSEUM OF
CALIFORNIA Historic Gold Rush-Era Quartz and Gold Box Stolen During Break-In (OAKLAND, CA)--The Oakland Museum of California today announced the theft of a historical Gold Rush-era quartz and gold-encrusted jewel box from its permanent collection. The rare box, an invaluable historical object for the state of California, depicts scenes of early pioneer life and is part of the Museum's holdings of California history. The Museum is offering a $12,000 reward for the safe recovery of the stolen object. The reward is subject to certain terms and conditions required by the insurer, including that the reward claimant not have any involvement in the theft or any previous or post theft complicity. "The rare Gold Rush-era box stolen in Monday's burglary at the Oakland Museum of California is an invaluable historical object depicting the pioneer history of our state," stated OMCA Director Lori Fogarty. "The museum's collection is held in public trust by the city and people of Oakland, and we hope that everyone in our community and those further afield will help us recover this precious object for the people of California." The investigation is ongoing and anyone with information is asked to contact the Oakland Police Department's Major Crimes Section at (510) 238-3951 or the TIP LINE at 777-2805. ABOUT THE OAKLAND MUSEUM OF CALIFORNIA |
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NORTHWESTERN UNITED STATES |
| Photo: Japanese family returns home from a relocation
center camp in Hunt, Idaho Reno Magazine |
 A
Japanese family returning home (Seattle, Washington) from a relocation
center camp in Hunt, Idaho on May 10, 1945
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I've always been alone, a single mother
of ten children. When I got here I traveled with
other illegal workers just like myself. I came here because people said money was literally for the taking, but it wasn't true. It was hard to find work in 1985, and immigration authorities picked me up sometimes twice a week. But it was easier to cross the border back then. We were dropped off in San Ysidro, but we just crossed the border again, and were back at work in three days. It wasn't very expensive either. It became more expensive to cross the border in 1987 and 1988. Lucrecia Camacho and three of her grandchildren: Timoteo, Aron and Genesis. (Photo: David Bacon) |
| I first began to work illegally, but I
couldn't get steady work. I earned $80 a week
in those days. It was difficult to find a place
to live. We lived in a small trailer that was
rented by many of us, so we literally slept side
by side. We would bathe outside, wherever we
could find water. From Oxnard I went to work in Arizona in 1986 because we heard work was bountiful. We struggled a lot, because we didn't have food and lived out of our old car in the orchards where we were working. I earned $7 a day then, but was charged $3 for rent and 50 cents for drinks. We cut asparagus in bunches of 32 and placed them in boxes. If the boxes weren't the required weight, they told us to do them again. They hardly paid us anything. From there I went to work in the green onions. I had to go to work at 2:00 AM, but we couldn't begin to pick until the dew on the plants had dried, which often meant we didn't start work until 11:00. But we still had to leave at 2:00 AM. or others would be hired in our place. If we arrived later, we wouldn't get a job. So we'd get in line and build a fire to keep warm and wait for 11:00. I'd work from 11:00 until 1:30, and only earn $3 a day. What am I going to do with $3? Nothing. I sometimes earned $2. I came back to work in Oxnard after that, in January of 1987, and I couldn't find work. I went to Gilroy, where I was lucky to find a good boss, who rented us a small house. There we harvested bell peppers. He took good care of us, because immigration officials were everywhere. We began work at 5:00 AM and worked until 9:00, which is when they usually came around. We came back to work at two in the afternoon, once they were gone. We were able to work a lot, and didn't go to bed hungry. I've always worked the strawberry harvest here in Oxnard. I'd finish that in July and go to Gilroy to work the jalapeño peppers, bell peppers and cherry tomatoes, in July. I brought my oldest daughter and son with me, and the three of us worked there. They would get out of school in June and worked July and August with me to earn money for their school clothes. They went back to school the 15th of September, so they worked with me 40 days. I would bring them back to Oxnard to start school, which is why I couldn't just leave my Oxnard apartment. I'd pay $775 rent for my children to stay in Oxnard, and then $600 for myself in Gilroy. I never had any money left after that, but I had to do it. |
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I'd take my kids back to Oxnard for
school, and return to Gilroy to work all of
September and October. I lived in a large room
that was divided into smaller rooms. It had a
stove and outdoor bathroom. We were paid piecrate, not by the hour. They paid 80 cents
for a bucket of jalapeños. Jalapeños with the
stem were paid at $1.10 a bucket. I was able to
fill 38 to 40 a day. I'd get back to Oxnard in
the middle of November, rest a bit, and then
start the strawberry harvest again about January
20th. I worked a long time in Gilroy, starting
in 1985. It's been six to eight years that I
haven' gone. I couldn't find housing one year,
and after that they wouldn't hire me any more.
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Hieronyma
Hernandez |
In the strawberries they also paid piece rate in April, May and June. The other months they paid by the hour. When I first started, it was $3 an hour, and the piecerate was eighty cents a box. The year before last I was paid $8.25 an hour. The regular box rate was $1.25, the little box was $1 and the two-pound box was $1.50. If I was able to fill 40 boxes, it was a good day. The younger faster men can pick 70 or 80 boxes a day. The strawberry harvest looks easy enough,
but once you try it, it's hard. I don't wish
that kind of work on my worst enemy. When you're
young, you work hard and get tired, but once you
get home and take a shower you're fine. Now that
I'm old, I deal with arthritis and osteoporosis.
My feet hurt and they swell. Many workers have
been permanently injured. I have a nephew who
hurt his back working in the strawberries, and a
cousin who died of pneumonia because we work in
the mud when it's raining. |
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If the foreman doesn't like you, he makes
you redo the work. In the strawberry fields
you're always worried that the foreman is going to send you back and tell you to redo your box because it's not full enough. In the morning as soon as I get to the field, I pick four boxes so that I can have extras in case they tell me I have to redo some of the boxes during the day. It's always based on if they like you or not. We just have to put our heads down and work quietly. There were many times I stayed quiet and didn't defend a fellow co-worker, but one time I did speak up. I had a woman foreman who spoke to us disrespectfully. When I asked her why she told me to give her my tools and fired me. Hieronyma Hernandez, Mixteca immigrant strawberry picker in Santa Maria. (Photo: David Bacon) |
| I told her I didn't understand why I was being
treated that way, but the other foreman grabbed
me by the arm and told me to leave.
Our work and life is hard here, and we
don't see many benefits. When the cost of living
was low, our wages were low. When our wages went
up, it was only because of the increased cost of
living. Have you seen the current gas prices?
Before we had to work an hour to cover our cost
of gas, and now we have to work two hours. We
don't have anything left. The more we earn, the
more they take away. We can't move forward. |
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A checker weighs a basket of strawberries to see
if he will credit the picker for the box. (Photo:
David Bacon) They won't give me a job anymore. If the foreman doesn't like you, then you aren't hired. They always choose the pretty women and family members first. As a woman working in the fields, if you didn't have a good foreman, you were treated badly. You had to ask for permission to take a day off, but you were given a ticket. After accumulating three tickets, you were fired. I've also heard complaints of sexual harassment from women. Sometimes women don't want to speak up. There are a lot who have lived through it, but are afraid to say something for fear that they'll be reported to immigration officials. |
In Culiacan, when I was young, I had a foreman who always sought out women to be alone with. He told me he liked me, but I told him I knew he had a wife and mistress. He told me that if I let him do what he wanted to me, I would still have a job. If not, I needed to look for another job. I told him he would not see me there the next morning. Some of us women don't take that kind of abuse, but many do what they feel necessary to keep their jobs, even if it means being in the hands of the foreman. My daughter tells me of her factory job and how that still happens there. The women that let the foremen do what they want move up in position. Those that don't stay in their same position. As long as women accept this, there isn't much that can be done. We need someone to help us and provide us with support. There are only a few of us in Lideres Campesinas. If I had a hidden camera, it would be so easy to show others what we face. Without that people don't believe what we're saying. When I worked in a plastics factory, a coworker had a doctor's note saying she needed to work in a sitting position. The foreman fired her and then fired me for speaking up and defending her. I think a union would help, but it's been difficult for one to get organized in the Oxnard area. When I began to wear my Lideres Campesinas tee shirt, I was told there wasn't work for me anymore. I've been working here for many years and all of a sudden there wasn't work for me. I've been looking for work ever since. |
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Aron Martinez, Lucrecia Camacho's grandson. (Photo: David Bacon) When I came here I didn't expect a better life. I knew I would have to earn my living with physical labor. I was happy living in Mexico, but I didn't have money even to clothe my children. Here I live better. I have the basics and I thank this country for giving me that. I hope to retire soon and go back to Mexico. I don't plan on staying here. I'll leave neither rich nor poor. The only thing I'll take with me is aches and pains, because it' s not like I have any money to take with me. |
Thanks to Farmworker Justice and Lideres Campesinas for their support in making this article possible. Coming in 2013 from Beacon Press: The Right to Stay Home: Ending Forced Migration and the Criminalization of Immigrants David Bacon talks with Solange Echevarria of KWMR about growers push for guest worker programs. 88 minutes for interview. http://kwmr.org/blog/show/4156 David Bacon talks with Kris Welch about Right-to-Work-for Less. for interview. http://www.kpfa.org/archive/id/87118 |
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See also Illegal People -- How Globalization
Creates Migration and Criminalizes Immigrants
(Beacon Press, 2008) Recipient: C.L.R. James Award, best book of 2007-2008 http://www.beacon.org/productdetails.cfm?PC=2002 See also the photodocumentary on indigenous migration to the US Communities Without Borders (Cornell University/ILR Press, 2006) http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/cup_detail.taf?ti_id=4575 See also The Children of NAFTA, Labor Wars on the U.S./Mexico Border (University of California, 2004) http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/9989.html Entrevista de David Bacon con activistas de #yosoy132 en UNAM Interview of David Bacon by activists of #yosoy132 at UNAM (in Spanish) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JyF6AJQa9po&feature=relmfu Two lectures on the political economy of migration by David Bacon http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GgDWf9eefE&feature=youtu.be http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pd4OLdaoxvg&feature=related For more articles and images, see http://dbacon.igc.org David Bacon, Photographs and Stories http://dbacon.igc.org Editor: Thanks to David for sharing with Somos Primos. |
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See also Illegal People -- How
Globalization Creates Migration and Criminalizes Immigrants (Beacon
Press, 2008)
Recipient: C.L.R. James Award, best
book of 2007-2008
See also the photodocumentary on
indigenous migration to the US
Communities Without Borders (Cornell
University/ILR Press, 2006)
See also The Children of NAFTA, Labor
Wars on the U.S./Mexico Border (University of California, 2004)
Two lectures on the political economy of migration by
David Bacon
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pd4OLdaoxvg&feature=related
Entrevista de David Bacon con activistas de #yosoy132
en UNAM
Interview of David Bacon by activists of #yosoy132 at
UNAM (in Spanish)
For more articles and images, see http://dbacon.igc.org
Sent by Roberto Calderon, Ph.D. beto@unt.edu
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From
The Barrio Foundation Le Comité des Archives de la Louisiane 'Gun Culture' -- What About the 'Fatherless Culture'? by Larry Elder |
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From
The Barrio Foundation CHICAGO CIVIC LEADER ROBERT RENTERIA TO RECEIVE TWO, DISTINGUISHED DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR., AWARDS 1/14/13 Illinois civic leader Robert Renteria has been selected to receive two Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., awards for excellence in his work in anti-violence, education, youth initiatives and community change. Renteria will be honored by Reverend Jesse Jackson's coalition, PUSH Excel on January 15, 2013 at 8 a.m. at the UIC Forum, 725 W. Roosevelt Road, Chicago, Illinois. On Saturday, January 26, 2013, he is scheduled to receive his second Dr. King award from Chicago's Illinois Commission on Diversity and Human Relations (ICDHR). The event will take place at the Chicago Hilton and Towers, 720 S. Michigan Avenue at 7 p.m. PUSH Excel and the Illinois Commission on Diversity and Human Relations cite community leadership and diversity as major characteristics of their respective recipients. |
Robert Renteria is said to be the first Latino to be the recipient of two prestigious Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., awards at the national level for many selfless accomplishments. He has been instrumental in expanding youth and anti-violence initiatives while contributing to the work of many other proponents. He is also being recognized for his effectiveness to transcend culture by reaching youth from different backgrounds and countries. The civic leader is also the author of the "2012 Best Graphic Novel", Mi Barrio. His inspirational and hard-hitting comic book addresses youth issues throughout Latin America, Spain and the United States. "Robert Renteria has been noticed and as a staunch believer in education," stated Michero B. Washington, President of the Illinois Commission on Diversity and Human Relations. "He is joining a list of illustrious leaders throughout the country, and based upon your work in education and community change, we will be honoring him with the Martin Luther King, Jr., Excellence in Educational Leadership and Reform. Dr. King would be proud." Renteria addresses youth issues through his Barrio Foundation and uses the Barrio book series and school-based and faith-based curricula to inspire, motivate and teach teens and at-risk youth how to make better choices. He says the Barrio Project will help to change the landscape by offering The Barrio Project's effective teaching tools. His books and comprehensive bilingual non-generic programs have impacted hundreds of thousands of youth across America and in 14 other countries. "We're honoring Robert Renteria at this historic occasion because of the outstanding civil and human rights work he has done in the tradition of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr." -PUSH Excel Organization "I am truly humbled. It is a great honor to receive two awards from two prestigious organizations. Our kids are victims to broken systems," stated Renteria. "The Barrio Movement is helping to change the landscape for youth across America by offering Barrio as teaching tools. A large part of our mission is social emotional learning. "I am throwing down the gauntlet and am calling on community leaders, politicians and corporations to help the Barrio Foundation exchange From the Barrio to the Classroom and the Barrio books for all the guns, knives, drugs, needles, booze and even the cigarettes," he concluded. For additional information about Robert Renteria or The Barrio Project, visit http://www.fromthebarrio.com, email robert@fromthebarrio.com or call (312) 933-5619. You can also google Robert Renteria to learn more about The Barrio Movement. |
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Judy Riffel is a professional genealogist in Baton
Rouge, Louisiana. She is an officer in a statewide genealogical group, Le
Comité des Archives de la Louisiane, and edits their quarterly
journal, Le Raconteur. She reported extensively on the impacts of
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita to the state’s historical records. http://www.theindepthgenealogist.com/ The In-Depth Genealogist |
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'Gun
Culture' -- What About the 'Fatherless Culture'? |
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face of gun violence is not Sandy Hook. It is Chicago. In 2012, President Barack Obama's adopted hometown had 506 murders, including more than 60 children. Philadelphia, a city that local television newscasters frequently call 'Killadelphia," saw 331 killed last year. In Detroit, 386 people were murdered. Since 1966, there have been 90 school shootings in the U.S., with 231 fatalities. Yes, Sandy Hook shocked us. But the odds of a child being killed at a school shooting are longer than the odds of being struck by lightning. Of the 11,000 to 12,000 gun murders each year, more than half involve both black killers and black victims, mostly in urban areas and mostly gang-related. The No. 1 cause of preventable death for young black men is not auto accidents or accidental drowning, but homicide. Rapper/actor Ice T ("Cop Killer") and I attended the same high school. In the 1991 John Singleton film "Boyz n the Hood," the teenagers attend that school, and car-cruise the South Central Los Angeles boulevard after which the school is named. Crenshaw High opened in 1968. By the time Ice-T left, less than a decade later, Crenshaw had become, in the rapper's words, "a Crip school" -- meaning one controlled by that street gang. Because of the school's reputation for violence, Time Magazine called it "Fort Crenshaw." A powerhouse in basketball and football, the school lost its accreditation 2005, before getting it back in 2006 on a short-term basis. In 1970, I was part of the second graduating class in the new school's history. Some kids, who started with me in the 10th grade, did not finish. But it was the exception rather than the rule. By 2012, only 51 percent of Crenshaw's students graduated. What happened? Dads disappeared. Or, more precisely, to use Bill Cosby's term, the number of "unwed fathers" exploded. In 1965, Daniel Patrick Moynihan wrote "The Negro Family: A Case for National Action." At the time, 25 percent of blacks children were born out of wedlock, a number Moynihan called alarming. Fast forward to the present, 72 percent of black children are now born out of wedlock. In fact, 36 percent of white children are born out of wedlock. Of Hispanic children, 53 percent are born outside of marriage. In "Boyz n the Hood," Tre, played by Cuba Gooding Jr., has an active father in his life. Doughboy, played by Ice Cube, was raised without a father. His mother resents him because she dislikes his father. On the other hand, Gooding's hardworking, responsible father, played by Laurence Fishburne, stays on his son. He warns him against hanging out with the wrong people and that becoming a street criminal was a trap. He lectures his son that "any fool with a (penis) can make a baby, but only a real man can raise his children." Studies show that children of divorced parents can have outcomes as positive as those coming from intact homes, provided the father remains financially supportive and active in his children's lives. But what happens without dads in the 'hood? In 1979, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth found that fatherless kids were twice as likely to drop out of school and that girls who grew up without dads were 2.5 times more likely to become pregnant teenagers. Rutgers University sociology professor David Popenoe published "Life Without Father" in 1996, where he describes the "massive erosion" of fathers in America. Popenoe concluded that boys raised without fathers were more likely to have problems with drugs, alcohol, behavior and social interactions. Several studies during the '90s found that disruption in family structures was a predictor of children's gang involvement. Many on the left dismiss the importance of fathers as "right-wing," blame-the-victim propaganda. Well, the late rapper Tupac Shakur, in the posthumously released documentary "Resurrection," said: "I know fora fact that had I had a father, I'd have some discipline. I'd have more confidence." He admits that he starting hanging out with gangs because he wanted to belong to a family structure, and it offered structure, support and protection -- the kind of thing we once expected home and family to provide. The formula for achieving middle-class success is simple: Finish high school; don't have a child before the age of 20; and get married before having the child. Preparing for the future requires dedication. It requires deferring gratification, precisely the kind of "discipline" that Tupac admitted he lacked because he grew up without a father. Doing what you want to do is easy. Doing what you have to do is hard. Dads, by getting up and going to work each day, send a powerful message every day to their children: Hard work wins. There are no short cuts. The outcome is unknowable. But the effort is entirely within your control. For more information go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml Sent by Odell Harwell hirider@clear.net |
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Social activist honored at State History Museum By Mary Jo Galindo, Ph.D. Here are some little known, very interesting facts about Texas Gutiérrez de Lara brought Texas its first taste of independence By José Antonio López Heaven and Earth, Mexican American Cultural Center |
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Social activist honored at State History MuseumBy Mary Jo Galindo, Ph.D.
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| San Antonio.- San Antonio’s María Látigo
de Hernández is featured in the new exhibit at the Bob Bullock Texas
State History Museum, “Women Shaping Texas in the 20th Century.” The
exhibit opened a few weeks ago and includes a silver Aztec sun calendar
that Mexican President Lázaro Cárdenas presented to Hernández in 1939
when she traveled as a goodwill ambassador representing a coalition of
local groups.
Hernández (1896-1986) was a pioneer radio and television personality, as well as a tireless civil rights leader who campaigned passionately for better education, access to healthcare, and social opportunities for the Mexican-American community. Her family fled the Mexican Revolution in 1914, and she and her husband, Pedro Hernández Barrera, moved to San Antonio in 1918 after he was drafted for World War I. Armistice was declared before he shipped out, and instead they opened a grocery store and bakery on the city’s Westside where they raised their family. She became a midwife in 1927 and delivered babies in the community until the 1940s. Hernández established La Asociación Protectora de Madres and raised money to build a maternity clinic that provided free prenatal care. In 1929 she and her husband founded La Orden Caballeros de América, one of Texas’ earliest civic and civil rights organizations. They were close friends with Lic. Alonso Perales, who founded LULAC, and worked with Eleuterio Escobar and La Liga de Defensa Escolar to document the deplorable condition of schools for Mexican-American children. On the patio of Sidney Lanier High School in 1934, she rallied a crowd to protest the unequal treatment of San Antonio’s children and helped persuade the state government to intervene and improve the schools. An inspirational orator, Hernández hosted one of the earliest Spanish-language radio programs on KABC in San Antonio during the 1930s. Her work continued in the late 1960s when she hosted a weekly program on KWEX television. She and her husband, representing La Orden Caballeros de América, testified before the U.S. Commission on Human Rights in 1968. She also supported the Raza Unida Party in the 1970s and spoke at a meeting in the Astrodome. She was honored posthumously during National Women’s History Week in 1986, and the San Marcos Independent School District named an elementary school after her in 1995. For more information about the exhibit, which runs until May 2013: www.thestoryoftexas.com/exhibits/current-special-exhibit
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Here are some little known, very interesting facts about Texas |
| 1. Beaumont to El Paso : 742 miles 2. Beaumont to Chicago : 770 miles 3. El Paso is closer to California than to Dallas 4. World's first rodeo was in Pecos , July 4, 1883. 5. The Flagship Hotel in Galveston is the only hotel in North America built over water. 6. The Heisman Trophy ws named after John William Heisman who was the first full-time coach at Rice University in Houston . 7. Brazoria County has more species of birds than any other area in North America . 8. Arkansas Wildlife Refuge is the winter home of North America 's only remaining flock of whooping cranes. 9. Jalapeno jelly originated in Lake Jackson in 1978. 10. The worst natural disaster in U.S . history was in 1900, a hurricane, in which over 8,000 lives were lost on Galveston Island . 11. The first word spoken from the moon, July 20, 1969, was " Houston .." 12. King Ranch in South Texas is larger than Rhode Island . 13. Tropical Storm Claudette brought a U.S. rainfall record of 43" in 24 hours in and around Alvin in July of 1979. 14. Texas, only state to enter the U.S. by TREATY, (known as Constitution of 1845 by the Republic of Texas to enter the Union) instead of by annexation, allows the Texas Flag to fly at same height as U.S. Flag, and may divide into 5 states. 15. A Live Oak tree near Fulton is estimated to be 1500 years old. 16. Caddo Lake is the only natural lake in the state. 17. Dr Pepper was invented in Waco in 1885. There is no period in Dr Pepper. 18. Texas has had six capital cities: Washington-on-the Brazos , Harrisburg , Galveston , Velasco, West Columbia and Austin . 19. The Capitol Dome in Austin is the only dome in the U.S. taller than the Capitol Building in Washington DC (by 7 feet). 20. The name " Texas " comes from the Hasini Indian word "tejas" meaning friends. Tejas is not Spanish for Texas . 21. The State Mascot is the Armadillo (an interesting bit of trivia about the armadillo is they always have four babies. They have one egg, which splits into four, and they either have four males or four females.). 22. The first domed stadium in the U.S. was the Astrodome in Houston . |
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Gutiérrez de Lara brought Texas its first taste of independence By José Antonio López (File photo: RGG/Steve Taylor) |
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SAN ANTONIO, January 1 - In sharing with others the
beauty of early Texas history, there is an increasing positive response
from South Texas folks in particular. They have found inspiration and a sense of wonder
as they learn about long-forgotten pre-1836 people, places, and events. That most of the Texas story has a noticeable
Anglicized Manifest Destiny pitch is not debatable. So, the quick answer
to the question is one of convenience. Simply stated, the test for
inclusion is as follows: If Spanish Mexican-descent Texas history
doesn’t fit the Sam Houston mold, it is conveniently left out. Doing
so, mainstream historians have built a literary fence that acts like an
impenetrable barrier, hiding pre-1836 historically significant details
from the public’s view. With few exceptions, most history books have been
written to make readers believe that fundamental Texas history begins in
1836 with the arrival from the U.S. of Anglos and other non-Hispanic
white immigrants of Northern European descent. Nowhere else is this more
frustrating than in the classroom curriculum where students with Spanish
Mexican-roots, and descendants of the first citizens of Texas, are made
to feel like foreigners in their own homeland. That doesn’t mean that conventional historians
omit all Spanish-surnamed personalities from Texas history. Mainstream
historians do mention a few Tejano names, albeit cursorily. Alas, a
small group of Tejanos is included only because they supported Sam
Houston. They are de Zavala, Seguin, Navarro, Losoya, Esparza, and Ruiz.
Historians fail to mention that most of these patriots have a direct
connection to Don Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara and the first Texas
Revolution (1812-1813). For example, after the Battle of Medina, entire
San Antonio families (Navarro, Leal, Losoya, Ruiz, among others) were
forced to flee to Louisiana by the pursuing Spanish Army. Many were cut
down by Spanish swords on the Camino Real before they reached sanctuary.
Such is the price that early Texas families paid for daring to dream of
liberty and independence before 1836. Additional key early Texas history
details are provided below. While Lorenzo de Zavala is a bona-fide 1836 Texas
Revolution hero, the following proves the old adage that politics make
“strange bedfellows,” De Zavala was born in Yucatán, and rose in
political affairs to be a senator and then the governor of the state of
Mexico. In the period of unrest following the 1821 independence of
Mexico, de Zavala joined none other than Antonio López de Santa Anna in
a coup-de-tat plot to remove the freely elected president and install
Vicente Guerrero as President. Later, when his co-conspirator Santa Anna
forcefully assumed the Presidency, the political intrigue was too much
for de Zavala. His survival instincts kicked in and he fled to the U.S.
He then re-entered Mexico in 1835. While in Texas, he befriended Sam
Houston, a recent immigrant to Mexico from the U.S. and served as his
Spanish interpreter. It was then that de Zavala joined the Anglo-led
rebellion against the central government in Mexico City. As for Juan Seguín, the sanitized version of his
story is known by most Texas history fans. Militarily, no one can top
his Texas independence heroism, especially leading his all-Tejano
cavalry in decisive charges at the Battle of San Jacinto. (In my view,
their superb military-style horse riding skills qualify these early
Tejanos as the Cossacks of Texas.) However, some sad details regarding
Seguin’s life after 1836 are not well known. Enjoying what turned out to be a very short
honeymoon with the Anglos after 1836; Spanish-surnamed patriots like
Juan Seguín suddenly became personas non grata in Texas. Adding to the
problem was the tsunami of angry, surly Anglos from the U.S. who treated
Spanish Mexican Tejanos with utmost disdain and conducted several
ethnic-cleansing drives. Seguín was accused of treason and charged with
other false claims. He was chased out of Texas and forced to resettle
with family in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. He died there, across
the Rio Grande from his beloved Texas. In 1974, about 120 years later,
the citizens of Seguin, Texas and his descendants asked Mexico for the
return of his remains and reburied them where they always belonged –
his hometown. The José Antonio Navarro family suffered a similar
fate. Hounded out of San Antonio, almost the entire family was forced
southward. Upon reaching the Rio Grande, my ancestors in the Dolores
(& San Ygnacio), Texas area convinced the Navarros to stay on this
side of the river, which is where they began a new life. Shortly after
Zapata County was organized, José Antonio Navarro, Jr., became its
first official County Judge. At least two of the judge’s brothers also
became Zapata County officials. (By the way, when I was born, my
Grandfather Ignacio Sánchez, himself a Zapata County Judge and Sheriff,
asked my parents to name me José Antonio in honor of José Antonio
Navarro, Jr.) This brings us to the hero who is finding new
aficionados, Lt. Colonel José Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara, the first
President of Texas (1813). As they build on their renewed motivation to
learn more, some readers find it disappointing that Don Bernardo’s
coverage in history books is scant and not always positive. They want to
know why. Bluntly, Don Bernardo’s incredible story of valor
is too awkward for mainstream historians to handle. He brought to the
citizens of Texas their first taste of independence on April 1-2, 1813,
when he led his army in capturing the Regional Capital of San Antonio.
Shortly after, he completed his revolution by declaring that Texas was
now an independent province (state). As regards thoughts of liberty, freedom, and
justice for all in Texas, Sam Houston took over a work in progress.
Equally important, many Tejanos who supported Sam Houston in 1836
received their military OJT fighting for Don Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara
in the first Texas independence (1812-1813)! Still, Don Bernardo’s legacy has been
deliberately left out as the architect of Texas liberty. His many feats
of courage deserve better in the recording of Texas history. His role as
Texas independence trailblazer must no longer be denied. It is for that
reason that many of us now push for presenting Texas history in a
seamless manner from the arrival of the Spanish in 1519 to the present.
The Tejano Monument in Austin, Texas, is a great start. If you haven’t
visited it yet, I highly recommend that you do. Finally, due to the ever-increasing interest in our
state’s pre-1836 history, future articles will follow dealing with
little known facts of this great place we call Texas. Meanwhile, in the
words of my good friend and fellow Laredoan Walter Herbeck, “Más,
later!” José Antonio (Joe) López was born and raised in Laredo, Texas, and is a USAF Veteran. He now lives in Universal City, Texas. He is the author of two books: “The Last Knight (Don Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara Uribe, A Texas Hero),” and “Nights of Wailing, Days of Pain (Life in 1920s South Texas).” Lopez is also the founder of the Tejano Learning Center, LLC, and www.tejanosunidos.org, a Web site dedicated to Spanish Mexican people and events in U.S. history that are mostly overlooked in mainstream history books. jlopez8182@satx.rr.com Jose M. Pena JMPENA@aol.com
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Heaven and Earth, Mexican American Cultural Center |
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Jan. 19 to March 30, Cuervo Tradicional Mural Project |
| We enjoyed a wonderful public reception yesterday for my solo exhibit, Heaven and Earth at the Emma S. Barrientos Mexican American Cultural Center in Austin, TX. The exhibit runs through March 30. Here's a wonderful piece about the show by Robert Faires of the Austin Chronicle at:
www.austinchronicle.com/blogs/arts/2013-01-19/more-things-in-heaven-and-earth
It also has a link for the online voting of the Cuervo Tradicional Mural Project at:
www.facebook.com/losamigosdejose. My work Domingo Tradicional represents northern California. Have a great afternoon. |
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Mexico is becoming a Brazil-beater
Mexican Drug Gangs Dig into Mining Industry by John Holman Nuevo León: Causas Criminales 1600 a 1900 Arts of Colonial Arts - The Lost of Retablo of Mérida Cathedral Un Blog de Burgos Research of Tte. Corl. Intdte. Ret. Ricardo Raúl Palmerín Cordero:
Matrimonio de Don Juan José Castellano y Doña María
Paula Ecay Muzquiz.
Libros de Bautismos y de Matrimonios de la Villa d Muzquiz, Coah. Don Andres Antonio de la Mata y Cos, Ancestros de la Villa de Santiago del Saltillo Algunos Personjaes Importante Radicados en la Ciudad de Guadalajara, Jalisco by Guillermo Padilla Origel Research by Papa del Pato Marcomir, Rey de los Francos Eusebio Espetillo Todos Los Gobernantes de Mexico desde Los Aztecas |
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| Mexico is becoming a Brazil-beater Economists predict: Cheaper than China and with credit and oil about to start flowing, Mexico is becoming a Brazil-beater. By the end of this decade Mexico will probably be among the world’s ten biggest economies; a few bullish forecasters think it might even become the largest in Latin America. http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21566782- cheaper-china-and-credit-and-oil-about-start-flowing-mexico-becoming |
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Mexican Drug Gangs Dig 7 January 2013
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| The Zetas cartel, one of Mexico's most violent groups, has moved into coal mining as it's "more lucrative than drugs". By paying low wages, gangsters are making large profits from unregulated mines in Coahuila state [AFP/GettyImages] | |
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On October 7, Mexican marines swooped in on one of
the most powerful men in organized crime. But as the navy triumphantly
announced the death of Heriberto Lazcano, leader of the Zetas gang,
there was puzzlement over where he had been found. Far from the Zeta's
strongholds and practically unprotected, he had been watching a baseball
game in the small mining village of Progreso. Theories abounded as to what exactly Lazcano had
been doing in Progreso, a one horse town in the wide open spaces of the
Southern state of Coahuila. Humberto Moreira, ex-governor of Coahuila
says that he has the answer: "Heriberto Lazcano changed from being
a killer, kidnapper and drug dealer to something still more lucrative:
mining coal. That’s why he lived in the coal region, in a little
village called Progreso." Speaking to Al Jazeera, Moreira says that the Zetas
gang is fast discovering that illegal mining is an even more lucrative
venture than drug running. "They discover a mine, extract the coal, sell
it at $30, pay the miners a miserable salary... It's more lucrative than
selling drugs." "The Zetas are interested in any type of
illegal business, from prostitution to extorting business, to mining
coal. They’re capable of analyzing where they can earn money from any
type of illicit dealings." - Samuel Gonzalez, former Chief of Mexico's
Anti-Organized Crime Unit Moreiras
remarks have sparked a host of claims and counter claims. He is used to
controversy. The ex-governor of Coahuila (his brother recently took on
the post) was one of the most powerful figures in Mexican politics until
allegations of huge financial irregularities during his government
brought him down. After his son was killed by organized crime, he began
speaking of government corruption and impunity in the state he had once
governed. 'Narco coal' The State of Coahuila presents a tempting target
for any organized crime group looking to diversify from drug smuggling,
kidnapping and extortion. It produces 95 percent of Mexico's coal,
churning out 15 million tons a year. Unregulated "pozos",
small roadside mines which are often little more than a hole in the
road, abound; easy targets for those looking to make quick money. An investigation by Mexican daily Reforma estimated
that criminals were making half a million dollars a week off of these
small unregulated mines, selling the coal on to legal businesses. The
Zetas criminal group, dominant in Coahuila, is well structured to take
advantage of the "Black Gold" rush. Mexico's other criminal powerhouse, the Sinaloa
Cartel, deals almost exclusively with running drugs, Samuel Gonzalez,
former Chief of Mexico's Anti-Organized Crime Unit, says that the Zetas
are keen to sniff out new business opportunities wherever they lie. Blurred lines As the line blurs between organized crime and legal
business in Coahuila, these are nervous times for state's mining
establishment. On the weekend before Al Jazeera travelled to the area, a
mine owner was killed, and his finger cut off, a sign that he was being
punished for speaking out against criminals. Senior mining figures
refused to speak to Al Jazeera on the record. They did, however, confirm
that organized crime has infiltrated their industry. As mining executives sweat, and the investigations
continue, human rights organizations say that little has changed for
those at the bottom of the mine. Coahuila's pits have an unenviable safety history,
the lowest point of which came in the death of sixty five workers in an
accident in 2006. Even before Moreira's revelations, Mexico's federal
human rights agency said that the infiltration of organized crime was
stripping workers of even the basic safety protocols they enjoyed under
legitimate businesses. Raul Vera, the Bishop of Saltillo, has long
campaigned for miners' rights. "Here those in poverty are forced to seek work
where they can and there's little difference in terms of work safety for
them between the way that organized crime and a legal owner of a mine
treat them." As criminals and business interests continue to
profit from Coahuila's coal, hope still seems slim that the rewards will
trickle down to those finding in the depths of the earth.1079 Sent by Roberto Calderon, beto@unt.edu |
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Nuevo Leon Crime Book |
| This book is 568 pages without an index but could have been 200 with some judicious formatting changes. This book is a listing of criminal cases from the Mexican State of Nuveo Leon. A total of 1,106 criminal cases dating from Nov 23, 1621 to Apr 19 1897 1600s(186 cases) 1700s(456 cases) 1800s(464 cases) Each case is laid out in the follow data fields: Fondo, Seccion de Fondo, Serie, Titulo, Lenga, Luga, Fecha, Fojas, Coleccion, Volumen, Expediente, Folio, Notas, Descipcion. All of the Lenga fields have "ESPAÑOL" and all of Coleccion fields have "CAUSAS CRIMINALES". (Word Bloat?) 24 records have no title or description given. Inconsistent use of accents marks make a pdf reader Search feature a hit or miss. If you search for Valle de PILON your search will miss VALLE DEL PILÓN Descriptions are short and may be identical to the title field. The large Genealogia logo watermark found centered on each page is sure to annoy most readers. This book could benefit from some more editing. Why is this book important? I see it as a valuable resource. Today, we learn about crime from newspapers, television and radio. Why is it presented to us at all? I think it is because we want to know about it! If daily crime is not enough for us, we read crime novels. I read the whole book in two days. That is more crime than you will every find in a crime novel. There is little or no genealogy information in this book but I found some of the people presented in this book also in my genealogy database. Some were criminals and others victims. One women, appearing in this book also will be found in my soon to appear "Families of Salinas Victoria" book. She beat her servant to death. Juliana de las Casas, who is an ancestor to thousands of people in my database, appears as a victim. There are few other cases of people found in my records. The bottom line is if you want to know more about any of these crimes you have the details in the book for how to find it in the archives. Best Regards, Crispin Rendon Sent by Jose M. Pena JMPENA@aol.com |
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One panel, depicting the Adoration of the Shepherds, is currently on display in the new Mérida City Museum. Although the infant Christ has sadly lost his head, the other rustic figures are expressively portrayed. Adoration
of the Shepherds |
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Estimada señora Mimí Lozano, Quiero participarle mi colaboración de
febrero a su revista con una noticia que de seguro a usted también le
sorprenderá. Le platico que, un relato mío que publicó Somosprimos en el mes de julio de 2008 http://www.somosprimos.com/sp2008/spjul08/burgos.htm fue tomado por una página de internet llamada Burgospedia, de España y publica el texto "Burgos, Tamaulipas, Crónica de un viaje": http://burgospedia1.wordpress.com/2009/12/19/otros-burgos-burgos-provincia-tamaulipas-mexico / Lo que me parece más interesante es que esta publicación en BURGOSPEDIA ha despertado el afán de saber genealogía, y podría dar ejemplo para el establecimiento de talleres de construcción de genealogías, para cada pueblo en específico. En la coda de esta publicación se ha desarrollado un Blog, Messenger, o Red Social, donde hasta hoy 124 participantes han aportado interesantes datos de sus familias, y con todos juntos se nos da una idea de las genealogías del pueblo. Que bonito es descubrir que somos ignición para que la gente platique la historia de sus familias. Que se reencuentran los que no se habían visto, y que se encuentran familiares no conocidos. Bueno será, hacer una Red intermunicipal para que gente de otros lugares venga con sus historias. Sin más preámbulo aquí está el contenido de la publicación. La
presencia de BURGOS EN MÉXICO (provincia de
Tamaulipas) viene a la sección -Burgos Curioso- de Burgospedia,
de la mano del burgalés Miguel Vivanco. Él es el
que aparece en la imagen superior en la plaza mayor de Burgos, España
(y aparece una imagen del susodicho enarbolando una bandera
conmemorativa de los festejos de 250 años de Burgos, Tamaulipas),
después de haber visitado en el año 1998 este pueblo de Centroamérica
(sic), y el que además nos hace conocer mejor la localidad y su
historia a través del relato de Carlos Martín Herrera de la Garza;
persona en busca de sus orígenes y de la genealogía de su apellido
en nuestro país.
Las
Memorias de Oralia
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Matrimonio de Don Juan José Castellano y Doña María
Paula Ecay Muzquiz. |
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LIBRO DE MATRIMONIOS DE LA YGLESIA PARROQUIAL DEL VALLE DE SANTA
ROSA MARIA DEL SACRAMENTO, CD.M.MÚZQUIZ, COAH.
Márgen izq. Mayo 6 de 1841. Dn. Juan Jose Castellano con Da. Maria Paula Ecay Muzquiz. No.28 En el Valle de Santa Rosa Maria del Sacramento a los seis dias del mes de Mayo de mil ochocientos cuarenta y uno. Yo el Presbitero Juan Nepomuceno de Ayala, Cura interino de esta y su jurisdiccion. Habiendo presedido las diligencias por derecho dipuestas y habiendo amonestado tres dias festivos inter misarum solemnia. Segun disposicion conciliar y despues de haverse confesado pasadas veinte y cuatro horas de leida la ultima amonestacion, Case y vele infacie eclesie a Dn. Juan Jose Castellano de esta vecindad, viudo en primeras nupcias de Da. Juana Berain, cuyo cuerpo esta sepultado en el Cementerio de esta Santa Yglesia Parroquial hace seis meses: con Da. Maria Paula Ecay Muzquiz, originaria y vecina de este Valle hija legitima de Dn. Juan Muzquiz ya difunto y de Da. Mariana Davila, y fueron testigos al verlos casar su padrino Dn. Antonio Ximenez y Dn. Pedro Vidaurre todos vecinos de esta y para que conste lo firmo. Juan Nepomuceno de Ayala. Investigó y paleografió. Tte. Corl. Ricardo R. Palmerín Cordero. Investigador de Genealogía e Historia. Miembro de Genealogía de México.
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| Muchas felicidades amigas y amigos para el año 2013 y
siempre. Envío a Ud.(s), dos registros de bautismos y un matrimonio efectuados en Múzquiz, Coah. 1.- Bautismo de Don Ysaac Múzquiz Castellano. año 1883. 2.- Bautismo de Don Felipe Múzquiz Aldape. año 1883. 3.- Matrimonio de Don Miguel Múzquiz Peña y Doña Emilia Rodriguez de Hoyos. año 1905. |
Bautismo de Don Ysaac Múzquiz Castellano. año 1883. |
Márgen izq. 96. Ysaac Muzquiz. Villa. |
En Santa Rosa de Muzquiz, a los 2 días de Abril de 1883 yo el Pbro. Francisco de P. Andres, Cura interino bautizé solemnemente á Ysaac. de 8 meses de nacido, hijo legitimo de Juan José Muzquiz y Guadalupe Castellano. Fueron padrinos: Augusto Elizondo y Santos Cortinas. Y para que conste lo firme. Francisco de P. Andres. |
| Bautismo de Don Felipe Múzquiz Aldape. año 1883. | |
Márgen der. 152. Felipe Muzquiz. Villa. |
En Santa Rosa de Muzquiz á los 23 dias de Junio de 1883
yo el Pbro. Francisco de P. Andres, Cura interino, bautizé solemnemente
á Felipe de 4 meses de nacido, hijo legitimo de Felipe Muzquiz y Ma.
Refugio Aldape. Fueron sus padrinos: Manuel Long y Refugio Muzquiz. Y
para que conste lo firmo. Francisco de P. Andres. Contrajo matrimonio en 2as. nupcias con Felícitas González en esta Parroquia el 29 de Octubre de 1943.- testigos: Arsenio González y Francisco R. Treviño. Ntrio. P. Castro G. |
| Matrimonio de Don Miguel Múzquiz Peña y Doña Emilia Rodriguez de Hoyos. año 1905. | |
Márgen izq. 70. Diciembre 30. Miguel Muzquiz y Emilia
Rodriguez.  |
En la Parroquia de Sta. Rosa de la Villa de Múzquiz á los treinta dias del mes de Diciembre de mil novecientos cinco yo el Pbro. Francisco de P. Andres Cura interino practicadas las diligencias matrimoniales y hechas las amonestaciones en los dias, doce y y diecisiete de Diciembre, no habiendo resultado impedimento alguno, casé infacie Eclesiae á mis feligreses Miguel Múzquiz. hijo legitimo de Miguel Múzquiz Peña y Anselma Rodriguez originario y vecino de esta soltero de veintitres años de edad y Emilia Rodriguez hija de José del Refugio
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| Fuentes. Family Search. Iglesia de Jesucristo
de los Santos de los últimos Días. Investigó y paleografió. Tte. Corl. Ricardo R. Palmerín Cordero. Presidente de la Sociedad de Genealogía de Nuevo Leon. |
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DON
ANDRES ANTONIO DE LA MATA Y COS Mis
ancestros de la Villa de Santiago del Saltillo Tte. Corl. Intdte. Ret. Ricardo Raúl Palmerín Cordero |
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El
pasado día 28 de Diciembre me dijo mi esposa la
Sra. Gloria Martha Pérez Tijerina de Palmerín, “mira en la
computadora para que veas lo que te localizé, observo la pantalla y
miro el registro de bautismo de Don Andrés Antonio de la Mata y Cos”,
este peninsular que a su
llegada a la Nueva España se estableció en la Villa de Santiago del
Saltillo, dedicándose a
las actividades del comercio como la mayoría de sus paisanos, obtuvo
una gran fortuna y
desempeñó los cargos de: Regidor
Alcalde Provincial,
Alcalde de primer voto y Subdelegado
de las cuatro causas. Su registro de bautismo se encuentra en el Archivo Diocesano de Santander, España, en Treceño provincia de Cantabria y dice lo siguiente: - Andres Antonio= |
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la Yglesia parroquial de la villa de Trezeño a diez y ocho días del
mes de Diziembre de mil setecientos y treinta y un años, yo Dn.
Andres Gonzalez Mobellan cura de ella baptize y puse los Santos Olios
y Chrisma a un niño que se dijo haver nazido el día veinte y nueve
de Noviembre de dho. año llamose Andres Antonio hijo legitimo de Don
Fernando Andres de la Mata y Cos y de Doña Maria Antonia de la Torre
vecinos de dha. Villa fueron sus padrinos Dn. Andres de Barreda Yebra,
y Doña Thereza de la Mata Linares, vecinos de dha. Villa y del lugar
de Caranzeja del Valle de Cabezon, a quienes adberti de su obligación
asi bien declararon ser sus abuelos paternos Don Phelipe Francisco de
la Mata y Cos, y Doña Thereza de la Mata Linares y los maternos, Don
Antonio de la Torre y Doña Ypolita de Barreda Yebra vecinos de dha.
Villa, y del lugar de Ygollo del Valle de Camargo y se adbierte que la
madrina toco al niño al tiempo que se le echo el agua siendo testigos
Don Francisco de Mobellon Clerigo de menores, Juan Gomez de Dozal y
Agustin Gutierrez de Caniades vecinos de dha. Villa y para que conste
lo firmo con el padrino y uno de los testigos= Don Andres Glz. Mobellon. Don Andres de Barreda Yebra. Don Juan Gomez de Dozal. Don Andrés Antonio se casó en la Villa de Santiago del Saltillo el año de 1751, enseguida transcribo su registro. Dn. Andres Antonio de la Mata y Cos y Da. Maria Leonor Gomez de Selis casados y velados. |
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En
la Parrochia de la villa de Santiago del Saltillo en veinte y dos días
del mes de Abril de setecientos, y cinquenta y un años, case y vele
infatie ecletie: en tiempo debido a Dn. Andres Antonio de la Mata y
Coz, originario de la Villa de Treseño de los Reinos de Castilla, en
el Obispado de Burgos, y vesino de esta villa de un año a esta parte,
hijo legitimo de Dn. Fernando de la Mata y Coz y de Da. Maria Antonia
de la Torre, con Da. Maria Leonor Gomez de Zeliz española originaria
y vesina de esta villa, hija legitima de Dn. Juan Gomez de Selis y de
Da. Maria Guadalupe Sanchez de Tagle habiendo precedido despacho del
Sr. Provisor y vicario general de este Obispado, de dos de Abril de
este presente año en que les dispenso las proclamas, y ultramarino,
confesaron y comulgaron, y fueron testigos a la celebridad de dho.
matrimonio Dn. Manuel Quixano y Dn. Thorivio Casaferniza y lo firmo.=
B. Phelipe Juan Estrada. La hija de Don Andres Antonio y Doña María Leonor de nombre Ysabel María contrajo matrimonio el año de 1774 en la Villa del Saltillo con el peninsular Don Phelipe Calzado Robledo y Rabago originario de Tresabuela, montañas de Santander.
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Dn.
Phelipe Calzado, y Da. Ysabel Maria de la Mata. Casados y velados. En
la Yglesia Parrochial de la Villa de el Saltillo en ocho días de el
mes de Noviembre de mil setecientos setenta y quatro años, El Br. Dn.
Ygnacio de los Santos Coy, mi theniente, cassó y veló infatie
eclesie a Dn. Phelipe Calzado, natural de los Reinos de Castilla, y
vecino de esta villa tiempo de un año poco mas a esta parte, hijo
lexmo. de Dn. Domingo Calzado y de Da. Lorenza Robledo y Rabago: y a
Da. Ysabel Maria de la Mata y Coz, asi mismo española originaria y
vecina de esta dha. Villa, hija lexima. de Dn. Andres Antonio de la
Mata y Coz, y de Da. Leonor Gomez de Selis, difunta, de esta vecindad,
habiendo dado ynformacion bastante de su libertad y soltura y de ello
no les resulto impedimento ninguno, obtuvieron dispenzacion de las
tres proclamas que dispone el Sto. Concilio de Trento que benignamente
les concedió su Señoria Yllma. y Revma. El Obispo mi Señor de este
Obispado, como consta de superior decreto expedido en la Ciudad de
Guadalaxara el día catorce de Junio de este presente año. el que
queda protocolado en el archivo, de este juzgado, se confesaron antes
y fueron testigos Dn. Juan Antonio Bracho, Joachin de el Castillo y
otros muchos y lo firmé= Br. Augustin de Acosta. |
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110.
EL Capn. Dn. Felipe Calzado y Da. Ma. del Carmen Treviño casados y
belados. En veinte y nueve días del mes de Octubre de mil ochocientos el Br. D. Juan José de la Garza Cura Rector, ynterino del Sagrario de la Sta. Yglesia de Monterrey en esta su ayuda de parroquia del Valle de Pesquería Grande previas las diligencias en derecho devidas y dispensadas lexitimamente las tres moniciones en el Sto. Concilio Tridentino dispuestas por el Sor. Dr. Dn. Miguel Ygo. de Garate Vicario capitular por el M. y Ve. Sor. Dean y Cavildo Govor. En sede vacante casó y beló solemnemente enfacie eclesie ál Capn. D. Felipe Calzado Español, Hijo Dalgo de los Reynos de Castilla en las Montañas de Santander viudo en primeras nuncias de Da. Ysabel Ma. de la Mata cuyo cuerpo se haya sepultado en la Villa del Saltillo según lo comprobó con documento autentico: con Da. Ma. del Carmen Treviño Española originaria de este Valle hija lexa. y de lexitimo matrimonio de D. Antonio de Treviño ya difunto y Da. Ma. Leonor de Treviño cuyo consentimiento se manifestó con arreglo á la Real pragmática siendo testigos D. José Espiridión de Treviño y Dn. Mathias Garcia de esta vecindad= y para su constancia lo firmé. Br. Juan Jph. Garza.
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| Don Andrés Antonio de la Mata y Cos falleció y fué sepultado en la Yglesia Parroquial de la Villa del Saltillo el día 2 de Mayo de 1805. |
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El Capitán Don Felipe Calzado falleció y fué sepultado en la Pesquería Grande el día 16 de Abril de 1810.
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Mi
abuelo materno Don José Guadalupe Cordero Calzado era hijo de
Don Apolinar Cordero Delfín
y de Doña María del Refugio Calzado Flores originaria de
Bustamante, N.L. e hija de Don Cecilio Calzado hijo del Capitán
Don Felipe Calzado y de Doña Ysabel María de la Mata y Cos
Gomez de Zelis. Fuentes.
Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los últimos Días. Family
Search. Investigó la información de los Archivos Diocesanos de
Santander, mi esposa Sra. Gloria Martha Pérez Tijerina de Palmerín. Los
demás registros fueron
investigados y paleografiados por
el que esto escribe los cuales transcribo conforme
a su original escritura.
San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. a 6 de Enero de 2013
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padillaoguillermo@prodigy.net.mx SIGLO XVI Don Juan Fernández de Híjar, don Alonso de Ávalos, radicado en Sayula, don Vicente Saldívar, don Álvaro Bracamonte, don Luís de Ahumada, en 1545 latifundista en la región de Ameca, don Juan González de Apodaca, iniciador del latifundio de “Cuisillos”, don Francisco López de Salazar, en la región de “Magdalena”, don Diego Porres Baranda, amo y señor del valle de “Cocula” en 1581, don Juan Gutiérrez de Medina, dueño de la “Sauceda “ en 1615. En 1575, sobresalieron también las siguientes familias Españolas: Fernández de Híjar, Orendain, Miravalle, Zaldívar y Mendoza, Dávalos, Oñate, Topete, Altamirano, Río de la Loza. SIGLO XVII Los Rincón Gallardo, con la extensa hacienda de “Ciénega de Mata”, don Francisco Gregorio de Villaseñor, en Huejotitán, don Gaspar González de Castañeda, con las haciendas de “Milpillas” y “la Trasquila” ( hoy San Ignacio Cerro Gordo), don Ginés Gómez Valdés, con dos haciendas en Autlán, don Manuel Calixto de Cañedo y Jiménez, originario del real de Pánuco, Sinaloa, con posesión de las haciendas de “El Cabezón”, “La Vega”, “Buenavista” y “la Calera”, don Diego de Robles, alcalde del ayuntamiento de Guadalajara, dueño de la hacienda de “Zapotepec” y “labor de Trigo”, cerca de Tlajomulco, don Miguel Portillo y Zurita, en el valle de Toluquilla, don Lorenzo de Padilla Dávila, alcalde ordinario de Guadalajara, y propietario de la hacienda de “San José de Buenavista”, don Pedro Enríquez Topete, varias tierras en el valle de Ameca. SIGLO XVIII Don Joseph de Herrera, don Gregorio de Castro, don Pedro de Echegaray, don Bartolomé de Mestas, don Nicolás de Iriarte, don Juan de Gárate, don Agustín de Arzubialde, don Alonso de la Bárcena, don Juan Fernández de Ubiarco, don Domingo de las Cavadas, don Manuel Arce, don Juan José Mallén, don Francisco Javier Vizcarra, (Marqués de Pánuco), adquirió las haciendas de “La Sauceda “ y “Toluquilla”, familia Sánchez Leñero, Moreno de Tejada, Fernández Barrena, Basauri, Corcuera, Murúa, Villaseñor, García Sancho, García de Quevedo, etc. COMERCIANTES Don José Antonio Tuñón, don Miguel López del Rivero, don Silvestre Rubín de Celis, don Manuel López Cotilla, don José Monasterio, don Juan Antonio del Mazo, don Antonio Pacheco Calderón, don Manuel Frayle, don Juan José Cambero, don José Antonio Bobadilla, don Francisco Goysueta, don Manuel Lavín, don Manuel del Capetillo, etc. SIGLO XIX Algunos Panameños, Chilenos y Guatemaltecos Don Joaquín Echauri, don Sotero Prieto, don Salvador Batrés, don Pedro Juan Olasagarre, don José Antonio Pinto, don Manuel Luna, etc. PRIMEROS INDUSTRIALES DESPUÉS DE LA INDEPENDENCIA Don Jesús Ascencio, don julio Vallarta, don Manuel Somellera, don José María Castaños. En 1840, se fundó la industria textil denominada “La Escoba”, en los terrenos de la hacienda de “La Magdalena” a 5 leguas de Guadalajara, adyacente a una bella finca estilo Inglés, los primeros dueños fueron: Don Francisco Vallejo, don Sotero Prieto, Don Manuel Olasagarre, don Manuel Escandón, don Julio Moyssard; también en ese año se fundó la fábrica de papel denominada “El Batán” y posteriormente la industria textil : “Prosperidad Jalisciense” ó “Atemajac”, cuyos socios iniciadores fueron: don Francisco Martínez Negrete, don José Palomar, don Manuel López Cotilla, don José Justo Corro, don Norberto Vallarta, don Pedro Matute, don Ignacio Cañedo, don Nicolás Remus, don Antonio Mercado, don Nicolás de la Peña, don Ignacio Morfín, don Ignacio González Tinajero, y Don Manuel Parra. FRANCESES DESTACADOS EN COMERCIO , CARPINTERÍA Y
PANADERÍA Don Amado Lyon, don Juan Bernet, don Carlos Duprat, don José Pascal, don Clemente Gondoulf, don Pedro Leautaud. PARTIDO LIBERAL Don Gregorio Dávila, don Pedro Ogazón, don Miguel Aedo, don José María Vigil, don Miguel Contreras Medellín, don Emeterio Robles Gil, don Ignacio L. Vallarta, don Aurelio L. Gallardo y don Antonio Rosales. EXTRANJEROS QUE LLEGARON ENTRE LOS AÑOS DE 1850-1860 Familias:
Fernández Somellera, Fernández del Valle, don Manuel Riebeling, don
Enrique Heinz, don Eugenio Beraud, don Federico Newton, don Luís
Centroni, don Ricardo Lancaster Jones, don José Cortina, don Carlos
Basave, don Julio Blume, don Jesús Camarena, familia: López Portillo,
don Juan Francisco Velarde (apodado el Burro de Oro) con hacienda en La
Barca, Jalisco. Fuente:
libro: La Oligarquía de Guadalajara, escrito por don Jaime Olveda.
|
|
Estimados amigos,
Pero notamos que algunas veces se confunden los usuarios en la direccion a la cual enviar sus publicaciones (Posts)
La lista de Grupo con su respectiva cuenta de correo
Si deseas saber si eres integrante de alguno de estos grupos primero
envia un POST o publicacion, es decir envia un correo, en caso de
que no seas miembro del grupo al que escribiste recibiras un correo
automatico informandotelo. Y entonces si te interesa pertenecer al
grupo podras visitar la direccion web del mismo y registrarte.
Regisatrate en tantos grupos como desees, y selecciona tus
preferencias de correo para no saturarte. lo mas practico es crear
reglas en tu administrador de correos para organizarlos en
carpetitas.
Quiero publicar en: Debo escribir a: Si deseo leerlo en la web
(=Spanish): English (Posts published in original sending lenguage)
"Haz tu Arbol
Genealogico...El Arbol mas Hermoso de la Creacion"
Por medio de la historia familiar descubrimos el árbol más hermoso de la creación: nuestro árbol genealógico. Sus numerosas raíces se remontan a la historia y sus ramas se extienden a través de la eternidad. La historia familiar es la expresión extensiva del amor eterno; nace de la abnegación y provee la oportunidad de asegurarse para siempre una unidad familiar”. (Élder J. Richard Clarke, Liahona julio de 1989, pág.69)
* Si quieres publicar en este grupo escribe a: Genealogia-Mexico@googlegroups.com Benicio Samuel Sanchez,
Genealogista e Historiador Familiar |
|
|
|
Cuando publicaste la genealogia anterior te respindi sobre el asunto de las familiar medievales. Claro el correo estaba en Ingles. Basicamente decia: "Si estas buscando genealogias cuyas fechas sean anteriores a 1500, recurras al departamento de Familias Medievales que tiene una base de datos de mas de 250,000 personas bien identificadas en arboles geneañlogicos" y que tuvieras cuidado ya que algunos han tomado parte de esa informacion y luego la DONAN nuevamente a FamilySearch creando duplidados y modificando con errores la base de datos". En caso de que sea cierto que buscas los padres de... (a menos que sea un titulo para odentificar tus publicaciones. Para acceder a esa informacion puedes hacerlo facilmente por ejemplo MARCOMIR HAY 2 https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.2.1/949C-ZMM la otra via es desde RootsMagic (no la version gratuita) El 11 de enero de 2013 02:22, Papá del Pato <papadelpato@gmail.com> escribió: Marcomir, Rey de los Francos n. a. 340. Marcomir, Rey de los Francos y No Conocida, procrearon a: Faramundo, Rey de los Francos Salios n. a. 370, m. 428. Faramundo, Rey de los Francos Salios y No Conocida, procrearon a: Clodion, Rey de los Francos Salios n. a. 390, m. 448. Clodion, Rey de los Francos Salios y No Conocida, procrearon a: Meroveo, Rey de los Francos Salios n. a. 411. Meroveo, Rey de los Francos Salios y No Conocida, procrearon a: Childerico I, Rey de los Francos Salios n. a. 436. Childerico I, Rey de los Francos Salios se casó con Basina de Turingia, procreando a: Clodoveo I, Rey de los Francos Clodoveo I, Rey de los Francos se casó con Santa Clotilde, procreando a: Clotario I, Rey de los Francos n. 497. Clotario I, Rey de los Francos se casó con Arnegonda, procreando a: Chilperico I n. 539, m. 584. Chilperico I se amancebó con Fredegunda, procreando a: Clotario II, Rey de los Francos n. 584, m. 629 Clotario II, Rey de los Francos se casó con Bertrude, procreando a: Dagoberto I n. 603, m. 639 Dagoberto I se casó con Nantilde, procreando a: Clodoveo II n. 634, m. 657. Clodoveo II se casó 648 con Batilda de Ascania, procreando a: Teodorico III n. 652, m. 691 Teodorico III se casó 675 con Cleotilde, procreando a: Bertrada a Velha Conde de Laon se casó con Bertrada a Velha. Su descendencia la refiero en el árbol de los LAON: en el capítulo La Realeza Rumbo a Reynosa. Papá del Pato os desea, que tengas un maravilloso día, y arriba los Broncos !abur! https://www.facebook.com/HistoriadeReinosaAC?ref=hl |
|
Eusebio
Espetillo |
|
Eusebio Espetillo n. a. 1760 posiblemente en Veracruz.
Eusebio Espetillo se casó con Maria Teresa Mexias, procreando a: Ramon Espetillo Mexias {español/ comerciante} n. a. 1790 Veracruz
Ramon Espetillo Mexias se casó 7 agosto 1811 Puebla {film 227717/ imagen 129/ casamientos 1808-1820/ testigos Ygnacio Monroy y Tomas Flores} con Maria Manuela Monroy y Bermeo (hija de Jose Ygnacio Monroy y Josefa Bermeo), procreando a: Joseph Miguel Nicanor Espetillo Monroy n. 10 enero 1814, b. 10 enero 1814 sagrario metropolitano Puebla {film 227569/ imagen 179/ foja 159/ bautismos 1812-1816/ padrino, Manuel Monroy}
Joseph Miguel Nicanor Espetillo Monroy se casó con Maria Guadalupe Davalos, procreando a: Jose Francisco Homobono Ignacio de la Luz Monroy Davalos b.
13 noviembre 1832 Puebla,
{film 227579/ imagen 389/ padrinos Ignacio Monroy y Maria de la Jose Bernardo Sebastian Monroy Davalos b. 20 enero 1835 Puebla, {film 227581} Maria de Jesus Nazaria Monroy Davalos b. 28 julio 1837 Puebla, {film 227583} Manuela Guadalupe Julia Monroy Davalos b. 12 abril 1839 Puebla, {film 227583} Jose Rafael Justo Monroy Davalos b. 6 agosto 1841 Puebla, {film 227585} Miguel Celso de los Dolores Monroy Davalos n. 6 abril 1843, b. 7 abril 1843 Puebla y {film 227586/ imagen 81/ foja 70/ bautismos 1842-1844/ padrinos, Mariano Falcon y Maria Dolores Veraza} Jose Antonio Lauro Miguel Espello Davalos n. 18 agosto 1846, b. 19 agosto 1846 Puebla, {film 227587/ imagen 472/ foja 181v/ bautismos 1844-1847/ padrinos,
Antonio y Ysabel Duret}
Papá del Pato os desea,
que tengas un maravilloso día, y arriba los Broncos !abur!
|
|
Sent by Joaquin Gracida who received this list from from
his friend, Gustavo Vergara. |
|
163
GOBERNANTES
en
693
años,
de
1325
a
2018
AÑO
GOBIERNOS
DE
LOS
SEÑORES
MEXICAS
(12)
1.
1325-1376
Tenoch
(Tuna
de
Piedra)
Fundador
de
Tenochtitlán
2.
1377-1389
Acamapichtli
(El
que
empuña
la
caña)
Primer
Señor
Mexica
3.
1390-1410
Huitzilíhuitl
(Pluma
de
colibrí)
Segundo
Señor
Mexica
4.
1418-1427
Chimalpopoca
(Escudo
que
humea)
Tercer
Señor
Mexica
5.
1427-1436
Izcóatl
(Serpiente
de
pedernal)
Cuarto
Señor
Mexica
6.
1440-1464
Moctezuma
Ilhuicamina
(Flechador
del
cielo)
Quinto
Señor
Mexica
7.
1469-1481
Axayácatl
(Cara
en
el
agua)
Sexto
Señor
Mexica
8.
1481-1486
Tizóc
(Pierna
enferma)
Séptimo
Señor
Mexica
9.
1486-1502
Ahuízotl
(Perro
del
agua)
Octavo
Señor
Mexica
10.
1502-1520
Moctezuma
Xocoyotzin
(Señor
joven
y
sañudo)
Noveno
Señor
Mexica
11.
1520
Cuitláhuac
(Excremento
seco)
Décimo
Señor
Mexica
12.
1520-1521
Cuauhtémoc
(Águila
que
cae)
Décimo
primer
Señor
Mexica
GOBIERNOS
ANTERIORES
AL
VIRREINATO
(3)
1.
1519-1524
Hernán
Cortés
2.
1524-1527
Alfonso
de
Estrada-Luis
Ponce
de
León-Marcos
de
Aguilar
3.
1527-1535
Nuño
Beltrán
de
Guzmán-Gonzalo
de
Salazar-Sebastián
Ramírez
de
Fuenleal
El
VIRREINATO
(62)
Virreyes
de
la
Nueva
España
durante
el
Gobierno
de
la
Casa
de
Austria
con
Carlos
I
1.
1535-1550
1º
virrey
Antonio
de
Mendoza
2.
1550-1564
2º
virrey
Luis
de
Velasco
(padre)
Virreyes
de
la
Nueva
España
durante
el
Gobierno
de
la
Casa
de
Austria
con
Felipe
II
3.
1566-1568
3º
virrey
Gastón
de
Peralta
4.
1568-1580
4º
virrey
Martín
Enríquez
de
Almanza
5.
1580-1583
5º
virrey
Lorenzo
Suárez
de
Mendoza
6.
1584-1585
6º
virrey
Pedro
Moya
de
Contreras
7.
1585-1590
7º
virrey
Álvaro
Manrique
de
Zúñiga
8.
1590-1595
8º
virrey
Luis
de
Velasco
(hijo)
9.
1595-1603
9º
virrey
Gaspar
de
Zúñiga
y
Acevedo
Virreyes
de
la
Nueva
España
durante
el
Gobierno
de
la
Casa
de
Austria
con
Felipe
III
10.
1603-1607
10º
virrey
Juan
de
Mendoza
y
Luna
11.
1607-1611
11º
virrey
Luis
de
Velasco
(hijo)
12.
1611-1612
12º
virrey
Fray
García
Guerra
13.
1612-1621
13º
virrey
Diego
Fernández
de
Córdoba
Virreyes
de
la
Nueva
España
durante
el
Gobierno
de
la
Casa
de
Austria
con
Felipe
IV
14.
1621-1624
14º
virrey
Diego
Carrillo
de
Mendoza
y
Pimentel
15.
1624-1635
15º
virrey
Rodrigo
Pacheco
y
Osorio
16.
1635-1640
16º
virrey
Lope
Díez
de
Armendáriz
17.
1640-1642
17º
virrey
Diego
López
Pacheco
Cabrera
y
Bobadilla
18.
1642
18º
virrey
Juan
Palafox
y
Mendoza
19.
1642-1648
19º
virrey
García
Sarmiento
de
Sotomayor
20.
1648-1649
20º
virrey
Marcos
Torres
y
Rueda
21.
1650-1653
21º
virrey
Luis
Enríquez
de
Guzmán
22.
1653-1660
22º
virrey
Francisco
Fernández
de
la
Cueva
23.
1660-1664
23º
virrey
Juan
de
Leyva
de
la
Cerda
24.
1664
24º
virrey
Diego
Osorio
de
Escobar
y
Llamas
25.
1664-1672
25º
virrey
Sebastián
de
Toledo
Molina
y
Salazar
Virreyes
de
la
Nueva
España
durante
el
Gobierno
de
la
Casa
de
Austria
con
Carlos
II
26.
1672
26º
virrey
Pedro
Nuño
Colón
de
Portugal
27.
1672-1680
27º
virrey
Fray
Payo
Enríquez
de
Rivera
28.
1680-1686
28º
virrey
Antonio
de
la
Cerda
y
Aragón
29.
1686-1688
29º
virrey
Melchor
Portocarrero
y
Lasso
de
la
Vega
30.
1688-1696
30º
virrey
Gaspar
de
la
Cerda
Sandoval
Silva
y
Mendoza
31.
1696
31º
virrey
Juan
Ortega
y
Montañés
32.
1696-1701
32º
virrey
José
Sarmiento
y
Valladares
Virreyes
de
la
Nueva
España
durante
el
Gobierno
de
la
Casa
de
Borbón
con
Felipe
V
33.
1701-1702
33º
virrey
Juan
Ortega
y
Montañés
34.
1701-1711
34º
virrey
Francisco
Fernández
de
la
la
Cueva
Enríquez
35.
1711-1716
35º
virrey
Fernando
de
Alencastre
Noroña
y
Silva
36.
1716-1722
36º
virrey
Baltasar
de
Zúñiga
y
Guzmán
37.
1722-1734
37º
virrey
Juan
de
Acuña
y
Manrique
38.
1734-1740
38º
virrey
Juan
Antonio
de
Vizarrón
y
Eguiarreta
39.
1740-1741
39º
virrey
Pedro
de
Castro
y
Figueroa
40.
1742-1746
40º
virrey
Pedro
Cebrián
y
Agustín
Virreyes
de
la
Nueva
España
durante
el
Gobierno
de
la
Casa
de
Borbón
con
Fernando
VI
41.
1746-1755
41º
virrey
Juan
Francisco
de
Güemes
y
Horcasitas
42.
1755-1760
42º
virrey
Agustín
de
Ahumada
y
Villalón
43.
1760
43º
virrey
Francisco
Cajigal
de
la
Vega
Virreyes
de
la
Nueva
España
durante
el
Gobierno
de
la
Casa
de
Borbón
con
Carlos
III
44.
1760-1766
44º
virrey
Joaquín
de
Montserrat
45.
1766-1771
45º
virrey
Carlos
Francisco
de
Croix
46.
1771-1779
46º
virrey
Antonio
María
de
Bucareli
y
Ursúa
47.
1779-1783
47º
virrey
Martín
de
Mayorga
48.
1783-1784
48º
virrey
Matías
de
Gálvez
49.
1785-1786
49º
virrey
Bernardo
de
Gálvez
50.
1787
50º
virrey
Alonso
Nuñez
de
Haro
y
Peralta
51.
1787-1789
51º
virrey
Manuel
Antonio
Flores
Virreyes
de
la
Nueva
España
durante
el
Gobierno
de
la
Casa
de
Borbón
con
Carlos
IV
52.
1789-1794
52º
virrey
Juan
Vicente
de
Güemes
Padilla
Horcasitas
y
Aguayo
53.
1794-1798
53º
virrey
Miguel
de
la
Grúa
Talamanca
y
Branciforte
54.
1798-1800
54º
virrey
Miguel
José
de
Azanza
55.
1800-1803
55º
virrey
Félix
Berenguer
de
Marquina
56.
1803-1808
56º
virrey
José
de
Iturrigaray
57.
1808-1809
57º
virrey
Pedro
Garibay
Virreyes
de
la
Nueva
España
durante
el
Gobierno
de
la
Casa
de
Borbón
con
Fernando
VII
58.
1809-1810
58º
virrey
Francisco
Javier
de
Lizana
y
Beaumont
59.
1810-1813
59º
virrey
Francisco
Javier
Venegas
60.
1813-1816
60º
virrey
Félix
María
Calleja
del
Rey
61.
1816-1821
61º
virrey
Juan
Ruíz
de
Apodaca
62.
1821
62º
virrey
Juan
de
O’Donojú
GOBIERNOS DEL MÉXICO INDEPENDIENTE (86)
1.
1821-1823
Agustín
de
Iturbide
(General
del
Ejército
Realista,
Presidente
de
la
Junta
Provisional
Gubernativa
y
de
la
Regencia
y
Emperador
de
México)
2.
1823-1824
Pedro
Celestino
Negrete
(Encargado
del
Poder
Ejecutivo)
3.
1824-1829
Guadalupe
Victoria
(Primer
Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
4.
1829
Vicente
Guerrero
(Segundo
Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana,
Héroe
de
la
Patria)
5.
1829
José
María
Bocanegra
(Tercer
Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
6.
1829
Pedro
Vélez
(Cuarto
Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
7.
1830-1832
Anastasio
Bustamante
(Quinto
Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
8.
1832
Melchor
Múzquiz
(Sexto
Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
9.
1832-1833
Manuel
Gómez
Pedraza(Séptimo
Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
10.
1833
Valentín
Gómez
Farías
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
11.
1833-1835
Antonio
López
de
Santa
Anna
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
12.
1835-1836
Miguel
Barragán
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
13.
1836-1837
José
Justo
Corro
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
RepúblicaMexicana)
14.
1837-1839
Anastasio
Bustamante
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
15.
1839
Antonio
López
de
Santa
Anna
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
16.
1839
Nicolás
Bravo
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
17.
1839-1841
Anastasio
Bustamante
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
18.
1841
Francisco
Javier
Echeverría
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
19.
1841-1842
Antonio
López
de
Santa
Anna
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
20.
1842-1843
Nicolás
Bravo
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
21.
1843
Antonio
López
de
Santa
Anna
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
22.
1843-1844
Valentín
Canalizo(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
23.
1844
Antonio
López
de
Santa
Anna
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
24.
1844
José
Joaquín
de
Herrera
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
25.
1844
Valentín
Canalizo
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
26.
1844
José
Joaquín
de
Herrera
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
27.
1846
Mariano
Paredes
y
Arrillaga
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
28.
1846
Nicolás
Bravo
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
29.
1846
Mariano
Salas
(Presidente
Interin
de
la
República
Mexicana)
30.
1846-1847
Valentín
Gómez
Farías
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
31.
1847
Antonio
López
de
Santa
Anna
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
32.
1847
Pedro
María
Anaya
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
33.
1847-1848
Manuel
de
la
Peña
y
Peña(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
34.
1848-1851
José
Joaquín
de
Herrera
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
35.
1851-1853
Mariano
Arista
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
36.
1853
Juan
Bautista
Ceballos
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
37.
1853
Manuel
María
Lombardini
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
38.
1853-1855
Antonio
López
de
Santa
Anna
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
39.
1855
Martín
Carrera
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
40.
1855
Rómulo
Díaz
de
la
Vega(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
41.
1855
Juan
Álvarez
Benítez(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
42.
1855-1857
Ignacio
Comonfort
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
43.
1858-1861
Benito
Juárez
García
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
44.
1861-1865
Benito
Juárez
García
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
45.
1865-1867
Benito
Juárez
García
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
46.
1867-1872
Benito
Juárez
García
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
47.
1858
Félix
María
Zuloaga
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
48.
1858-1859
Manuel
Robles
Pezuela
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
49.
1859-1860
Miguel
Miramón
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
50.
1863-1864
Junta
de
Regencia
(Juan
Nepomuceno
Almonte,
Juan
Bautista
Ormachea
y
don
Pelagio
Antonio
de
Labastida)
51.
1864-1867
Fernando
Maximiliano
de
Habsburgo
(Archiduque
de
Austria,
Emperador
de
México)
52.
1872-1876
Sebastián
Lerdo
de
Tejada
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
53.
1876-1877
José
María
Iglesias
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
54.
1876-1877
Juan
N.
Méndez
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
55.
1876-1880
Porfirio
Díaz
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
56.
1880-1884
Manuel
González
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
57.
1884-1911
Porfirio
Díaz
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
58.
1911
Francisco
León
de
la
Barra
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
59.
1911-1913
Francisco
I.
Madero
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
60.
1913
Pedro
Lascuráin
Paredes
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
61.
1913-1914
Victoriano
Huerta
Ortega
(Presidente
Interino
de
la
República
Mexicana)
62.
1914
Francisco
S.
Carvajal
(Presidente
Provisional
de
la
República
Mexicana)
63.
1914-1920
Venustiano
Carranza
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
64.
1914-1915
Eulalio
Gutiérrez
(Presidente
Provisional
de
la
República
Mexicana)
65.
1915
Roque
González
Garza
(Presidente
Provisional
de
la
República
Mexicana)
66.
1915
Francisco
Lagos
Chazaro
(Presidente
Provisional
de
la
República
Mexicana)
67.
1920
Adolfo
de
la
Huerta
(Presidente
Provisional
de
la
República
Mexicana)
68.
1920-1924
Álvaro
Obregón
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
69.
1924-1928
Plutarco
Elías
Calles
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
70.
1928-1930
Emilio
Portes
Gil
(Presidente
Provisional
de
la
República
Mexicana)
71.
1930-1932
Pascual
Ortiz
Rubio
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
72.
1932-1934
Abelardo
L.
Rodríguez
(Presidente
Sustituto
de
la
República
Mexicana)
73.
1934-1940
Lázaro
Cárdenas
del
Río
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
74.
1940-1946
Manuel
Ávila
Camacho
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
75.
1946-1952
Miguel
Alemán
Valdés
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
76.
1952-1958
Adolfo
Ruíz
Cortines
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
77.
1958-1964
Adolfo
López
Mateos
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
78.
1964-1970
Gustavo
Díaz
Ordaz
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
79.
1970-1976
Luis
Echeverría
Álvarez
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
80.
1976-1982
José
López
Portillo
y
Pacheco
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
81.
1982-1988
Miguel
de
la
Madrid
Hurtado
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
82.
1988-1994
Carlos
Salinas
de
Gortari
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
83.
1994-2000
Ernesto
Zedillo
Ponce
de
León
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
84.
2000-2006
Vicente
Fox
Quesada
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
85.
2006-2012
Felipe
Calderón
Hinojosa
(Presidente
de
la
República
Mexicana)
86.
2012-2018
Enrique
Peña
Nieto...
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Photo: Nevada, about 1868 |
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A Native American looks down at a newly-completed section of the transcontinental railroad. Nevada, about 1868 |
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Native Voice One
Radio station, updated regularly. Our newscasts are archived
online for one week under our "Listen" section.
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Abstract: MEXICO AND CORPORATIONS TARGET SACRED RIVER AS WATER SOURCE AFTER WASTING AND DEPLETING OTHER WATER SOURCES IN SONORA Brenda Norrell | Tucson, AZ This story originally appeared in Censored News on Oct 27, 2012. Indigenous Peoples of Sonora gathered [in October] at the Second Reunion of Spiritual Guides to discuss the protection of the earth, wind, water and other natural resources, from mining, dams, drug trafficking, theft and development. |
| Non-Indigenous have wasted and depleted the water sources in Sonora,
they are now targeting the Rio Yaqui. The water diversion of the Aqueduct Independence would deplete water from the Yaqui villages in Sonora.
Yaquis have agreed to defend their water from the government, and
corporations.
The resolution of the National Indigenous Congress, in English and Spanish,
identifies Yaqui and other Indigenous Peoples in Sonora. Sonora is the state in Mexico located south of the border from Arizona. Among the
Native peoples separated by the US/Mexico border in Arizona and Sonora
are the Tohono O’odham, Cocopah, Salt River and Gila River O’odham, and Yaqui. (There are more Indigenous Nations separated by the border between California and Texas.) |
Yaqui water basin |
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New York Native American Saint canonized October
21, 2012 |
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Saint Kateri Tekakwitha, baptised as Catherine Tekakwitha[2][3] and informally known as Lily of the Mohawks (1656 - April 17, 1680), is a Roman Catholic saint, who was an Algonquin-Mohawk virgin and religious laywoman. Born in present-day New York, she survived smallpox and was orphaned as a child, then baptized as a Roman Catholic and settled for the last years of her life at the Jesuit mission village of
Kahnawake, south of Montreal in New France, now Canada. Tekakwitha professed a vow of virginity until her death at the age of 24. Known for her virtue of chastity and corporal mortification of the flesh, as well as being shunned by her tribe for her religious conversion to Catholicism, she is the fourth Native American to be venerated in the Roman Catholic Church (after Juan Diego, the Mexican Indian of the Virgin of Guadalupe apparitions, and two other Oaxacan Indians).[4] She was beatified by Blessed Pope John Paul II in 1980 and canonized by Pope Benedict XVI at Saint Peter's Basilica on October 21, 2012.[4][5] Various miracles and supernatural events are attributed to her intercession. Sent by Dorinda Moreno pueblosenmovimientonorte@gmail.com |
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Israeli Archaeologists Find Rare Ancient Jewelry |
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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — Israeli archaeologists
have discovered a rare trove of 3,000-year-old jewelry, including a ring
and earrings, hidden in a ceramic jug near the ancient city of Megiddo,
where theNew Testament predicts the final battle of Armageddon. Archaeologists who unearthed the jug during
excavations at the site in 2010 left it in a laboratory while they
waited for a molecular analysis of what was inside. When they were
finally able to clean it, pieces of gold jewelry — a ring, earrings,
and beads — dating to around 1100 B.C. poured out. Israel Finkelstein of Tel Aviv University, who
co-directed the dig, said that the find offers a rare glimpse into
ancient Canaanite high society. He said the fact that the jewelry was
found inside the jug suggested that the owner hid them there. Finkelstein said the jewelry likely belonged to a
Canaanite family. "We can guess that it was a rich family,
probably belonging to the ruling elite," he said. Tel Aviv University called the trove "among
the most valuable ever found from the Biblical period," adding that
one piece in particular, a gold earring decorated with molded ibexes, or
wild goats, is "without parallel." It said in a statement this week that the objects
were either owned by Egyptians living in the area or inspired by the
Egyptian style of the period. Aren Maeir, an archaeologist at Bar Ilan
University, said that because the raw materials used come are not from
the area, the find "tells us about international relations ... and
about technical traditions used at the time." Megiddo was an important trade center in ancient times. According to the New Testament, Megiddo will be the site of the final apocalyptic battle between good and evil. http://news.yahoo.com/photos/rare-treasure-trove-of-ancient-jewelry-found-slideshow/
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Endangered: Jewish Genius |
| Endangered: Jewish Genius |
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Why has there been a dramatic, recent decline in the academic
performance of American Jews? by Rabbi Benjamin Blech  There’s no doubt that Jews are smart. And I mean really smart – smart enough as a group to be candidates for being the brightest people on earth. And it’s not because I’m a member of the tribe that I dare to suggest such a seemingly chauvinistic and sweeping generalization. It’s something that’s been acknowledged by countless people in the past and more recently even statistically verified in a host of studies. Before political correctness probably would have prevented him from stating it so boldly, Mark Twain wrote this about the Jews in the 19th century: [The Jews] are peculiarly and conspicuously the world’s intellectual aristocracy… [Jewish] contributions to the world’s list of great names in literature, science, art, music, finance, medicine, and abstruse learning are.. way out of proportion to the weakness of his numbers. He has made a marvelous fight in this world… and has done it with his hands tied behind him. The 20th century list of Nobel Prize winners makes Twain’s words almost prophetic. Jews, more than any other minority, ethnic or cultural, have been recipients of the Nobel Prize, with almost one-fifth of all Nobel laureates being Jewish. They make up 0.2 percent of the world population, but 54 percent of the world chess champions, 27 percent of the Nobel physics laureates and 31 percent of the medicine laureates. Jews make up 2 percent of the U.S. population, but 21 percent of the Ivy League student bodies, 26 percent of the Kennedy Center honorees, 37 percent of the Academy Award-winning directors, and 51 percent of the Pulitzer Prize winners for nonfiction.The Jewish IQ average is 40% higher than the global average.But it isn’t just geniuses who demonstrate Jewish intellectual exceptionalism. A remarkable study conducted by psychologist Richard Lynn and political scientist Tatu Vanhanen, published in 2006 in IQ and Global Inequity, calculated that a Jewish average IQ of 115 is 8 points higher than the generally accepted IQ of their closest rivals – Northeast Asians – and approximately 40% higher than the global average IQ of 79.1. So that’s the good news. And that’s what makes a winner of this past year’s Sidney Award – the journalism award given for the most important scholarly article of 2012 – so depressing. Writing in The American Conservative, Ron Unz highlights what he calls “the strange collapse of Jewish academic achievement.” The gist of his winning essay is the remarkable revelation that Jews no longer excel in the areas in which they previously held such scholarly preeminence. Comparing the number of Jewish prizewinners of major nationwide competitions of the past decade in a host of academic and scientific areas to those of previous years, Unz finds a dramatic and unprecedented fall-off. In his words: “The underwhelming percentage of Jewish students who today achieve high scores on academic aptitude tests was totally unexpected, and very different from the impressions I had formed during my own high school and college years a generation or so ago. An examination of other available statistics seems to support my recollections and provides evidence for a dramatic recent decline in the academic performance of American Jews.” If Unz’s conclusion is correct, we need to ask the obvious question: What is it we’ve lost that in the past made us so smart? What was the source of our distinctive brainpower that we’ve allowed to become dormant? If we’re starting to cede the blue ribbon for intellectual achievement to others, what is it that made us so special in the first place? To my mind the obvious answer is the one rooted in the most famous description of the Jewish people. We are known as “the people of the book.” We were the first people to mandate literacy for every child and lifelong study for every adult. In his book, “The Golden Age of Jewish Achievement,” Steven L. Pease lists some of the explanations people have given for the incredible record of Jewish achievement and gives primacy to the cultural values that have their source in the Bible and the Jewish religion. Jews didn’t get the genius from their genes; they made study a central feature of their faith and passed on their love of learning to their children. A few years ago the South Korean ambassador to Israel, Ma Young-Sam, revealed that Talmud study is now a mandatory part of the country’s school curriculum. In fact, he said almost every home in South Korea boasts a Korean version of the Talmud and parents commonly teach from it to their children. The reason? He explained: “We were very curious about the high academic achievements of the Jews. We try to understand, what is the secret of the Jewish people? How are they, more than any other people, able to reach those impressive accomplishments? Why are you so intelligent? The conclusion we arrived at is that one of your secrets is that you study the Talmud. We believe that if we teach our children Talmud, they will also become geniuses. This is what stands behind the rationale of introducing Talmud study to our school curriculum.” (“Why Koreans Study Talmud, ynetnews.com) I frankly doubt that a dose of Talmudic study will turn South Korean children into scholars. But I do know that creating a climate of respect for scholarship, of reverence for study, of preferring the accumulation of wisdom over any material possessions – all of the ideals that represent the distinctive contribution of Judaism to the world – were the keys not only to the spiritual but also to the intellectual uniqueness of our people. Click here to receive Aish.com's free weekly email. “The people of the book” are becoming “the people of the buck.” That’s why I think assimilation of Jews into the broader American
culture is far more than a theological concern. My fear isn’t simply
that of Jews losing their faith. What troubles me is that “the
people of the book” are becoming “the people of the buck.”
I’m afraid we are beginning to lose sight of what for ages made us
deserving of being a light unto the nations. |
| California Hebrew Catholic Speaks Up |
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link to a radio transcript
about the New Mexico story... You may have
seen it before: http://nanrubin.com/html/melton.html
I was always struck by this Quote: "We
don't fit in with a culture that is American Jewish, but we don't fit in
with Spanish culture here, either," SC has said. "We're
neither, we're in a twilight zone. And when there's not enough of us
anymore, another page will be taken out of Jewish history. I want
something to remain." Our synagogue is Beth
Shalom currently meeting in Rancho Cucamonga.
They have purchased a synagogue building and will be moving to Corona in
a few weeks…
that’s going to be a difficult drive for us.. .but I really LOVE
meeting with them..
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By Andre Aelion Brooks |
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The role of the Mendes family in the development of
early capitalism, and the economic success of their spice-trading
ventures in the first half of the 16th century, are equally underrated.
It is part of the neglect, even in the non-Jewish world, of business
history prior to modern times. The emphasis instead has typically been
on military matters and the actions of a nation’s rulers.
Jewish history has been especially remiss in this
regard. The reasons most often given by scholars are that shining the
spotlight on its merchant princes and their remarkable accomplishments
in long-distance trade and the creation of capital markets could elicit
jealousy, outrage and anger in the wider world, fanning once again the
flames of prejudice and persecution.
In this regard we do these merchants an injustice.
Time and time again it was their crucial financial role in supporting
the crowned heads of Europe that opened the doors for later Jewish
settlement when the need arose. Indeed, interest on the part of the king
of Portugal in the re-settlement of the Mendes-Benveniste-Nasi clan in
Portugal, after the mass expulsions from Spain in 1492, was a direct
result of the revenues that incoming Jewish merchant families like these
from Spain could offer to the crown, cash-strapped from its military
operations along the West African coast.
Similarly, the opportunity to build a larger Jewish
merchant class during the lifetime of Doña Gracia and her husband,
Francisco Mendes-Benveniste, encouraged Sultan Selim, and later Sultan
Suleiman, in the Ottoman Empire, to throw open its doors to Jewish
re-settlement from Spain and Portugal. Without that welcoming
opportunity, Doña Gracia could have never operated the escape network
that took those refugees from persecution and the ever-present threat of
the Inquisition on the Iberian Peninsula to the Eastern Mediterranean.
Nor could she have used the northern European city
of Antwerp as a way station on the escape route had it not been for the
commercial activities of her brother-in-law, Diogo Mendes-Benveniste. He
and his colleagues had been directly involved in helping to build
Antwerp into the economic powerhouse of those times.
By the same token, it was the tantalizing chance to
attract even more of their kind, and build an even more prosperous city,
that encouraged the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V and his sister, Queen
Marie, to allow those refugees safe passage into Antwerp, and a chance
to remain there and use their financial acumen to build
more economic power and prosperity. It was also the financial leverage that Doña
Gracia had with Sultan Suleiman, due to the family’s trading
activities within the Ottoman Empire and the vast sums they gave him for
the right to operate a monopoly on such products as wine imports, that
enabled her to exercise clout in ways that allowed her to challenge and
humiliate even the pope himself.
She could threaten the pope with reprisals when he
authorized the burning of 23 of her conversos in the papal port city of
Ancona. And those reprisals included great losses to the coffers of the
Vatican when Jewish shipping merchants from the Ottoman Empire got
together and – at least for a short while – refused to use this
papal port for the import and export of their goods, thus forcing the
pope to lose valuable revenues.
To recap their particular story: Doña Gracia Nasi
was born in Lisbon in 1510 to parents who had lived in or around
Saragossa in Spain before the expulsion. There they had numbered among
the leaders of the Jewish community. They were related to the great
Benveniste and Nasi families that traced their origins to Provence in
the time of Charlemagne and possibly even earlier to Italy.
The families had also been included among the
thousands who were forcibly converted to Catholicism five years after
they reached Portugal. Those conversions led to fears among the Jewish
leadership that Jewish life
itself might be wiped out on the Iberian Peninsula, if action were not
taken quickly to get the converts out. The family took up this
challenge. Doña Gracia made it her life-long concern.
It was also a time when Portugal was seeking
commercial and financial expertise to capitalize on its recent successes
in sending merchant ships by a sea route to bring back the riches of the
Indies. The Mendes-Benveniste and Nasi families had that skill. They
built a vast financial empire in a few short years by helping to finance
these voyages, gaining a monopoly interest in the cargoes that returned,
and selling the spices and gems on the northern European exchanges.
At around the age of eighteen, Doña Gracia was
married to her uncle, Francisco Mendes Benveniste, who was also a
business partner of her father. After Francisco died a few years later,
she took over his attempts to protect the converted Jews (conversos)
from the coming of the Inquisition which would likely not only charge
these converts with heresy, but might also take away, at a moment’s
notice, all their assets if they were arrested even on the flimsiest
evidence of backsliding into Judaism.
The only solution, as far as the family was
concerned, was to get as many conversos out of Portugal as they could.
The Ottoman Empire offered their best chance for resettlement in a safe
destination and a possible return to their ancestral faith. Doña Gracia
took over this task, as well as her husband’s – and later her
brother-in-law’s – leadership of their banking empire. To achieve
those ends, she moved on to Antwerp and later Venice, Ferrara and
finally Istanbul where she spent her final years.
In those years, she worked with the sultan to
develop Tiberias and the surrounding villages into a semi-autonomous
Jewish settlement for those refugees who wished to lived there. It was a
venture that has since been hailed as one of the earliest attempts at
modern Zionism. She died in Istanbul in 1569, although some historians
believe she may have made an attempt to die on sacred soil in Tiberias.
In terms of women’s history, Doña Gracia is also
significant. As a woman without a royal lineage, she should have been
weak in the circles in which she moved. Yet time and time again she
stood up to princes and kings eager to take away her family fortune and
undermine her work with the converso refugees. She eschewed the idea of
a meek, cowering and humble Jew who had typified the Jew in popular
imagination (and often in fact) during the Middle Ages, fostering
instead a more active, defiant and powerful image.
She had the courage, for example, to confront Queen
Marie while living in Antwerp and tell her that she would rather
“drown” than see her daughter marry the despicable nobleman the
queen had selected for the daughter. In short: she stood up to tyranny
both as a Jew and a woman. Whenever I have been invited to talk about her life
to the young students in Sunday Hebrew Schools in America, I usually
show them a photograph of the medal her niece had struck during her own
teenage years, while living in Ferrara, around 1555. I ask them to tell
me their immediate reaction. It is always the same. “She doesn’t
look Jewish,” they say of the niece. “Why?” I ask. “Because she
looks like a princess,” they invariably answer. Out goes the idea of
the peasant Jew cooking chicken soup in a muddy village. In comes the
sophisticated lady. The idea that a fashionable young woman could be
Jewish hundreds of years ago completely shatters their long-held
beliefs. For that we must thank Doña Gracia and her family too.
In addition, she teaches us the value of
perseverance. If she did not succeed initially, she always tried and
tried again, as she did, for example, when seeking an autonomous place
of re-settlement for some of her refugees. When this could not be
achieved by using an island in the Venetian lagoon, she tried again when
she got to Istanbul and persuaded the sultan to let her use the Tiberias
region of the Holy Land. She was not confrontational – a criticism so
often leveled at powerful women. All the correspondence we found
suggests a woman who followed protocol to the letter. She understood the
emotional needs of her refugees as well as their practical ones. This is
clear from the dedications to some of the literary works that she
sponsored. She remained a lady at all times. She knew the value of
appearing regal as a way to gain respect and attention to the needs of
her family and her mission; and this remains a good idea for women
leaders even today. There was no hint in any document that she ever
failed to behave in a controlled and respectful manner. Indeed, she
comes across as a woman of aristocratic bearing – a revelation for
Jewish historians, and one that has already made them re-consider their
long-held stereotypes of Jewish women of the period.
She becomes important, too, for the legacy she
leaves us concerning the way she achieved her goals. As a business
woman, she avoided using her own money, where feasible. In the Tiberias
venture, for example, she raised the money required to pay the
sultan’s taxes by creating a viable commercial enterprise in
sericulture [silk-farming] and citrus farming, rather than simply
dipping into her own purse. She always had a Plan A and a Plan B. For instance,
when she needed to get out of a tight corner, such as when she left
Lisbon in a hurry due to the imminent arrival of an inquisition, and the
inroads that King Joao III was making upon her fortune, she
simultaneously approached both the Vatican for the needed Papal Safe
Conduct and her brother-in-law in Antwerp for a ship to take her away.
Indeed, her applications for safe conducts to leave, as soon as she
arrived anywhere in Europe, suggests a woman who clearly knew the value
of a carefully planned exit strategy – before she ever needed it.
She used repayable and even interest-free loans,
rather than bribes, where possible, so she could preserve her capital.
Cash was used only when absolutely necessary, such as to cover the costs
of feeding dozens of her incoming refugees in the early years of their
re-settlement in the Ottoman Empire. And she always – always –
tempted her royal patrons with the tease of more loans to come, to get
them to do her bidding. And she fought back instantly whenever she felt her
rights were being trampled upon, as with the confiscation of some of her
goods in the Duchy of Milan, or the launching of a lawsuit by her sister
against her, while in Venice.
Thankfully, her values, skills, timing and mission
are finally being recognized worldwide. New York City designated a Doña
Gracia Day in June 2010, followed by a similar proclamation in
Philadelphia a year later. Israel’s political leaders honored her for
the first time in October, 2010. A website was launched in January,
2011. The Turkish government sponsored a Doña Gracia evening in New
York City in June of the same year.
There are now lectures, articles and festivals in
her honor all over Europe. An Italian white wine has been named after
her. The Israeli mint has produced a commemorative medal. She now has a
museum devoted to her life and deeds in Tiberias. The descendants of
those conversos in southern Italy, Central and South America and the
United States, many of whose ancestors she saved, idolize her. A TV
mini-series is in development. She now even has a Facebook page with
countless followers; although, as a woman who did not even have her
portrait painted, she might well have recoiled at that idea of Facebook!
For all of this and more, Doña Gracia stands as a
credit to Jewish – and particularly Sephardic - history: a role model
for the ages. This article is based upon research completed for
an award-winning biography The Woman who Defied Kings: the life and
times of Dona Gracia Nasi (St. Paul: Paragon House, 2002). Documents
supporting this thesis can be found throughout that book, with the
sources listed in the extensive notes at the end of the book. Source: Sephardic Horizons, Vol. 2, number 4, Fall
2012:
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The Unbearable Silence about the
Jewish Refugees |
The status of those Jews as refugees has been found to be in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Status of Refugees. The UNHCR announced on two occasions, in February 1957 and in July 1967, that Jews who fled from Arab countries "may be considered prima facie within the mandate of this office," thus regarding them, according to international law, as bona fide refugees. The Palestinian narrative of victim-hood, emphasizing the pitiful condition of Palestinian refugees, and portraying them as the world's major refugee problem, has convinced many in the international community to accept this version of their unfortunate plight and the injustices done to them. That narrative, however, essentially one of historical revisionism, denies the truth that the Jews who left, fled, or were expelled from Arab countries can really be regarded as refugees, as well. The story of these Jewish refugees has been much less well known than that of the Palestinian refugees, about whose fate international resolutions have been passed, and on whose behalf thirteen UN agencies and organizations have provided aid. The issue of the legitimate rights of the Jewish refugees, and the individual and collective loss of their assets, have not yet been seriously addressed; nor have there been any real attempts in international forums at the restitution of their rights and assets. The contrast is startling. Between 1949 and 2009 there were 163 resolutions passed in the UN General Assembly dealing with Palestinian refugees; there was not one on Jewish refugees. Similarly, since 1968, the UN Human Rights Council (formerly Commission) has adopted 132 resolutions dealing with the plight of the Palestinian refugees, but not one directed to the Jewish refugees from Arab countries. Other specialized agencies of the UN have been specifically established, or charged, to pay attention to the Palestinian refugees. These refugees have benefited from international financial assistance; the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), since 1950, has provided over $13 billion (in 2007 prices). Jewish refugees have received nothing from the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the international organization dealing with refugees all over the world except Palestinians, who have the UNRWA solely devoted to them. The status of those Jews as refugees, although challenged, has been found to be in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Status of Refugees, which established the definition of "refugee," and which was adopted in July 1951, and entered into force in April 1954. Jews had been living in what are today Arab countries for over more than 2,500 years, going back to the Babylonian captivity. In 1948, they still accounted for 3.6 per cent of the population in Libya, 2.8 per cent in Morocco, and 2.6 per cent in Iraq. Their social ranking varied in the different countries. In Iraq and Egypt some Jews were successful in occupations and professions, and played some role in their societies; in Yemen and Morocco they were generally uneducated and poor. In general, Jews in Arab countries living under Islamic rule, were treated as dhimmis, barely tolerated second class citizens, often obliged to pay a tithe, or tax, called a jizya, to remain in the country. In some places, they were allowed limited religious, educational, and business, opportunities, but in other places, they were denied civil and human rights; suffered legal discrimination; had property taken, and were deprived of citizenship. In the 20th century, both before and after the creation of Israel, in a number of Arab countries Jews were threatened -- physically, economically, and socially. Jews there experienced riots, mass arrests, confiscation of property, economic boycotts, and limits on employment in many occupations. They also endured limits on admission to colleges, and on personal movement, as well as pogroms which occurred in Libya, Syria, Morocco, and especially Iraq, where in the space of two days in June 1941, in Baghdad, a pogrom, known as the Farhud, took place: under the pro-Nazi regime of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, 179 Jews were murdered and 600 injured by rioters. In Libya, in 1945, rioters in Tripoli killed more than 140 Jews. A number of other Arab countries saw Jews murdered, kidnapped, and in general encounter discrimination, expulsion, and exclusion from citizenship. The Arab League countries decided to take away the citizenship of their Jews. Iraq deprived its Jews of their citizenship in 1950, and of their property in 1951. Egypt and Libya issued laws that "Zionists" were not nationals. They disregarded Jews having lived in those countries for more than a thousand years before the birth of Muhammad in 570, and the emergence of Islam in the 7th century. With the creation of Israel in 1948, Jews in Arab and Islamic Middle East countries experienced spoliation, organized discrimination, violence, attacks and pogroms. Libya in 1961 deprived the less than 10% of the Jews who had remained there of their citizenship, as did Algeria in 1962. Iraq seized the property of Jews. As a result, Jews began leaving, were driven out, or were brought out. By the mid 1970s almost all Jews -- more than 850,000 -- had left those countries. According to figures and analysis provided by "Justice for Jews from Arab Countries," and by Stanley Urman, its executive vice president, the largest numbers came from Morocco (265,000); Algeria (140,000); Iraq (135,000), and Tunisia (105,000). Almost all of the 55,000 Jews living in Yemen were taken to Israel by the air operation, "Magic Carpet." About 130,000 Jews were airlifted from Iraq to Israel. Today, fewer than 4,500 Jews remain in Arab countries. Israel absorbed and integrated 600,000 of the more than 850,000 who left. It is high time to end the virtual silence and unwillingness to consider the question of Jewish refugees, and to recognize that they should be part of any final resolution of the Middle East refugee problem. The crucial United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 of November 22 1967 mentioned that a comprehensive peace settlement should include "a just settlement of the refugee problem." It was Arthur Goldberg, the U.S. representative to the UN largely responsible for drafting the Resolution, who clarified that the language referred "both to Arab and Jewish refugees, for about an equal number of each abandoned their homes as a result of the several wars." The implication was that any arrangements made would apply to all -- not only Arab -- refugees in the Middle East. This point of view is reflected in both bilateral and multilateral agreements. The Camp David Framework for Peace in the Middle East of 1978, Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty of 1979, the Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty of 1994, the Madrid Conference of 1991-92, and the Israel-Palestinian Agreements beginning in 1993, including the Declaration of Principles of September 1993 and the Interim Agreement of September 1995, all articulated similar language. Similarly, the UNHCR announced on two occasions, in February 1957 and in July 1967, that Jews who had fled from Arab countries "may be considered prima facie within the mandate of this office," thus regarding them, according to international law, as bona fide refugees. In any settlement, the property abandoned by Jews would need to be taken into account. Calculation of this, although not easy, has been assessed as some $300 billion; and Jewish-owned real estate -- about four times the size of Israel -- at about $6 billion. The international community is long overdue, in dealing with the Palestinian refugees, to see that equity prevails. It should be conscious of the rights of Jewish refugees, who, as a result of Arab and Islamic behavior, have suffered by being deprived of rights and property. The international community should also call for redress for these descendants. Some form of compensation is due the Jewish refugees; and discussion of it should be part of final status talks in the Arab-Israeli conflict. http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/3498/jewish-refugees Michael Curtis is author of Should Israel Exist? A Sovereign Nation under Attack by the International Community. |
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Black Latino Connection, by Mimi Lozano Negrita Documentary , the Afro-Latino Experience |
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Black Latino Connection, by Mimi Lozano
Editor: June 2000, a huge Juneteenth (June 19) celebration was to be held at the Disneyland Hotel. Bobby McDonald, Director of the Black Chamber of Orange County, and Ruben Alvarez, Director of the Hispanic Chamber of Orange County asked if I would prepare a booklet showing the Black Latino connection, and their Chambers would jointing pay for its publication. I agreed happily at the request , with the goal of showing factual positive connections, historically, between our Latino community and the African American community. |
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introduction reads: "Juneteenth has traditionally been
celebrated in Texas and other bordering states such as Louisiana and
Arkansas. However, Black Independence Day (June 19) was also
celebrated in other areas where a large number of Black Texans lived.
Now, Juneteenth is celebrated by Black Americans in all parts of the
United States in much the same style as the Fourth of July. Juneteenth was given official holiday status in Texas in 1979 which means that banks, government offices and schools are closed. In other parts of the country, Juneteenth is celebrated unofficially." The booklet was well received at that Juneteenth Disneyland celebration and widely distributed in Washington, D.C. after the event. To read the content and additional information which has been gathered, please go to: http://www.somosprimos.com/blacklatino/bl.htm Pertaining to the booklet, I received this email (Jan 24th) and hope that anyone preparing for an African American Heritage Month activities might find, as Maria-Diana Gutierrez did, information to help them. |
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Dear Ms. Lozano, I am the coordinator and instructor for a program known as GED for ESL. The purpose of our program is to prepare English Language Learners so that they can take the GED (high equivalency) exam in English by improving language and academic skills to pass the subjects on the test. I stumbled upon your website as I was searching for information about African Latinos. As February approaches, our college embraces diversity. Our district has a large African American population but also a growing Latino population. Most of my class is Latino although I have other ethnic groups. February is African American Heritage month and I was delighted with the information on your website on a variety of topics about the African connection in Latin America and the Spanish perspective of slavery that so differed from the English one. I would like to ask your permission to use information from your website for the sole purpose of education in the classroom. Although I have a Smart Board and students do have access once a week to a computer lab, I ask your permission to print some of what you say so that students can more easily read the outstanding facts you point out. Your website expounds the African American link to Hispanic America. I would like to impress upon students the links that connect us in ethnicity and history and to remind them of our connections to one another in the midst of diversity. Respectfully yours, Maria-Diana Gutierrez GED for ESL Coordinator/Instructor South Suburban College South Holland, Illinois MGutierrez@ssc.edu |
Negrita: Filmmaker set to trace the Afro-Latina experience from before the slave trade to present-day. Posted date: January 08, 2013 |
LatinaLista — With the rising national awareness of Latinos, courtesy of the 2012 presidential election, the stereotypical perceptions of who are Latinas and Latinos are beginning to be shattered. However, one segment of the Latino community who find themselves still struggling “to explain themselves” are Afro-Latinos.They are either challenged to prove their ‘Latinidad’ or startle unsuspecting friends with a burst of Spanish. Either way, this doubt on their heritage takes its toll and one Afro-Latina documentarian wants to set the record straight in her new documentary. NEGRITA is written and directed by Magdalena Albizu, is a film that explores the Afro-Latina experience in the United States by introducing audiences to the different faces of Afro-Latinas. In addition to educating the wider public on who are Afro-Latinas, Albizu has an ulterior motive for her film as well: Negrita aims to establish a ‘black’ consciousness across all generations by reigniting a movement to embrace Latinos’ African roots through a trans-national dialogue on race, identity, ethnicity, nationality and community-building.The film is still in production and is due to be completed in May 2013. Sent by Dorinda Moreno pueblosenmovimientonorte@gmail.com |
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| March 30: V-Centennial Florida/USA Discovery Magna Gala Muslim Day Parade in New York City
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V-Centennial Florida/USA Discovery Magna Gala |
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6-7 pm: Cocktail Reception (Celebrities/ autographs/ photographer) Individual Tickets: $100.00 per person OTHER EVENTS: 2 April 2013/ Melbourne Beach (Brevard County), FL: Royal Mass; Magna 500th FL/ USA Discovery Ceremony (Spain King & Queen; US President; Governors & Others invited.) Celebrities and Special Guests confirmed to attend: *Paul Sorvino-Sculptor/Actor (Goodfellows, Casino etc.), *Ray Franza –Actor (Played the part of Danny in the Soprano and also stared in Analysis This with Robert De Niro), *Tito Puente Jr.-Musician/Actor (Movie-The Sun Shines On The Other Side Of The Street), *Federico Castelluccio-Artist/ Actor (El Cantante with Marc Anthony and Jennifer Lopez, played Furio Giunta in the Sopranos), *Emilio Rosa-Movie Producer/Director/Composer/Writer, *Winston Scott-Astronaut/Musician, *Hispanic Caucus from Illinois, *Hispanic Caucus from Florida, *Lt. Col. Douglas T. Peck-Historian/Navigator, *Frank Thomas-Historian, *Michael Jamieson-Former Boxing Commissioner, *Augusta Williams-Poetic and Writer…*Rafael Picon-Sculptor of the Statue of Don Juan Ponce de Leon… Senator Darrin Soto-Florida, Senator Renee Garcia-Florida, Senator William Delgado, Chicago, Illinois Announcements of other celebrities supporting this event will be done shortly. Photo opportunities with these celebrities will be allowed at the gala. A professional photographer will be available (for Photo purchase). Please, purchase Tickets soon because ticket reservations are exceeding more than the occupancy allowed… We cannot guarantee attendance unless tickets are paid in advance. (Only 50 Tickets left for the Gala.) Please RSVP: by returned e-mail to utblopez@aol.com or call 321-863-5165. U.T.B. United Third Bridge, Inc., Educational and CulturalRoyal Order of Don Juan once de Leon Historical V Centennial Celebration Committee
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Muslim Day Parade in NYC. |
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Short video of the Muslim Day
Parade in NYC. Not the only place in our country where the show of force
and fear is occurring. http://www.youtube.com/embed/HjFSi1AZTq8
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| Puerto Rican citizenship and American Citizenship
by Tony Santiago End 2d Class US Citizenship; Puerto Rico’s Un-Democratic Status Borinqueneers Congressional Gold Medal Alliance kicks off National Campaign |
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Puerto Rican citizenship and American Citizenship |
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Here are some interesting facts about "citizenship" in Puerto Rico which most people do not know: From October 30, 1898, when Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States as a result of the Treaty of Paris, up until March 30, 1917, when the Jones-Shafroth Act was signed, the only citizenship which Puerto Ricans enjoyed and that was recognized by the United States was "Puerto Rican Citizenship". On April 12, 1900, the Congress of the United States enacted the Foraker Act of 1900, which replaced the governing military regime in Puerto Rico with a civil form of government. Section VII of this act created a "Puerto Rican citizenship for the residents" born in Puerto Rico and, therefore, subject to its jurisdiction. The Puerto Rican citizenship replaced the Spanish citizenship that Puerto Ricans enjoyed at the time of the American invasion in 1898. The Jones–Shafroth Act, also known as the '''Jones Act of Puerto Rico''' or '''Jones Law of Puerto Rico''', was an Act of the United States Congress, signed by President Woodrow Wilson on March 2, 1917. The act gave a limited U.S. Citizenship to the people of Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans were not required to rescind their "Puerto Rican citizenship." The act also created the Senate of Puerto Rico, established a bill of rights, authorized the election of a Resident Commissioner (previously appointed by the President) to a four-year term and permitted that the draft (US Military) apply to Puerto Ricans. This was important because the US became involved in World War I. Since the Jones–Shafroth Act was an Act of Congress, US Citizenship can be revoked by Congress. In order for the people of the island of Puerto Rico to enjoy the full rights that the citizens in the mainland enjoy, Puerto Rico must either become a state or an amendment to the Constitution of the United States must be made. In 1952, upon U.S. Congress approving the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, also reaffirmed that Puerto Rican citizenship continued in full force. This was further reaffirmed in 2006 while the U.S. Senate probed into the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's status. Note reference: PA114 ''Puerto Rico: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.'', US Senate. 109th Congress, 2nd Session on The Report by the President’s Task Force on Puerto Rico’s Status. Nov 15, 2006. page 114. On November 18, 1997, the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico through its ruling in ''Miriam J. Ramirez de Ferrer v. Juan Mari Brás'' reaffirmed the "Puerto Rican citizenship" by ruling that U.S. citizenship was not a requirement to vote in Puerto Rico. According to the court's majority opinion, the Puerto Rican citizenship is recognized several times in the Puerto Rican constitution including section 5 of article III, section 3 of article IV, and section 9 of article V. In a 2006 memorandum, the Secretary of Justice of Puerto Rico concluded, based on the Mari Brás case, that the Puerto Rican citizenship is "separate and different" from the United States citizenship. In other words, my brother, every person born in Puerto Rico has a dual citizenship. They have Puerto Rican citizenship by birth and United States citizenship with limitations in the island, but with full citizenship rights in the mainland. |
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End 2d Class US Citizenship; |
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We must do right; help
get the Federal Government to end a 2d Class US Citizenship; Puerto
Rico’s (PR) un-democratic territorial status. This complex equal
rights quandary that affects millions is not only about a “Group”
Vote on the status question, but, more important, it’s about
protecting individual civil rights in our representative
democracy-where the US Citizen should be the epicenter of our
Republic, not the un-democratic territorial control of the land. We
must end political oppression with truth and fairness! Our factual history
states: in 1898, the U.S invaded Puerto Rico (PR), as part of the
Spanish American War, and forcefully took it as a spoil of war…made
it a US Territory (Colony) that falls under the absolute un-democratic
control of the Federal Government. In 1917, Congress erred
in imposing on PR- a statutory “2d Class US Citizenship” (without
all rights responsibilities, & benefits) that doesn't permit loyal
US Citizens (including fighting US Veterans) to vote in Federal
elections nor have just representation in the Congress that determines
their destiny nor permanent US Citizenship, under our USA
Flag--actions that conflicts with the vital “Bill of Rights”… This iconic American
Hispanic civil rights issue that strikes at the Soul of our
Democracy-“consent of the governed”-- has not received the
National attention it merits! But, now we must be fair…; soar above
political rhetoric, demagoguery, lies, misinformation, excuses…;
educate the gullible and all on the truth; advance our democracy;
ensure equality; break Puerto Rico’s trite Territorial un-democratic
shackles. The US Territory of
Puerto Rico held an internal plebiscite (Nov. 2012). About78%+ voted;
resulting: 54% (958,915)
want to end the current Territorial Status (ELA-Free Associated
State); 61+% (824,195) voted for Statehood; and only 5.55% (74,812)
for total Independence. (ELA Soberano-which wasn’t properly defined-
got 33%). However, the
political cover-up, misinformation, and misinterpretation of the
results have begun; some are trying to discredit a democratic
Plebiscite where everyone had the opportunity and duty to vote; the
results are clear (even if some Voters left some questions in blank;
the Governor got elected with 47%): a Non-Territorial Status through
Statehood won! After 115 years of
non-action, the Federal Government must not obfuscate nor provide
discriminatory excuses, but, educate, and promptly intervene to
protect all individual civil rights; end an un-democratic Federal
Territorial Status that goes against the grain of our American
democracy; start the transition process (which should not take more
than 3-5 years) to admit Puerto Rico as the 51st State of our Union. Option 2 is to end
Federal political subjugation by conducting a federally sanctioned
Plebiscite that is non-territorial & self-determined; let all that
have “standing” Vote (born in PR with nonpermanent US
Citizenship); truthfully define US Constitution’s non-territorial
options (non-confusing): 1.
Statehood: US Constitution=US Citizenship-all rights,
responsibilities & benefits; State Sovereignty 2.
Independence: PR Sovereignty= PR Constitution; PR Citizenship;
ends protection and benefits of US Constitution…): Total or
Associated (Free Association or ELA Soberana-negotiated Pact that
either Party can end.) *Note: A Nation can’t be sovereign or enact a
pact when under the Citizenship & Constitution of another
Nation… Per US Constitution-PR can be: a State or Territory. Free
Association or ELA Soberana is a form of Independence. Puerto Ricans are born
US Citizens-the 2d largest American Hispanic segment of our US
population- about 9 million strong with most residing in the States
(5m) & 4m in PR-- whose Ancestors (roots/ heritage) led to the
discovery of Florida; brought advance civilization (of the times),
Christianity, Horses, Cattle, Pigs… to the settlement of the USA--
107 years before the Pilgrims landed… Plus, Puerto Ricans, Mexicans,
and Cubans fought together in the US War of Independence with General
George Washington. Puerto Rico (with more
population than 24 States) is the oldest Territory in US History; has
bravely defended the US Flag (since 1898) to include the US 65th
Infantry Regiment (Borinqueneers) that suffered segregation,
discrimination, and un-equal
US Citizenship, yet, bravely fought for all of us. Individual
Civil Rights is totemic to our democracy; must be protected against
“Federal political oppression” or like former US Patriots said,
the “tyranny of a majority”! Congress with truth & justice
must promptly do right; admit the born US Citizens residing in Puerto
Rico as the 51st State of the Union or give them Independence Total or
Associated (as self-determined)! Congress should not be
incongruent! The US Constitution should equally apply to all US
Citizens, under our grand USA Flag! If not, there is discrimination;
no federal consent of the governed! OTHER
COMMENTS: PR is a valuable US
Territory, with an educated work force, that serves, among other
things, as a unique open market that fuels about one million American
jobs; is the US world’s eighth trading partner and 4th largest
purchaser of goods, an important defense outpost, a big pool for
military personnel…; buys more products from the U.S. mainland than
many larger countries such as Italy, Russia or China; is a
pharmaceutical, Microsoft Computer Programs…center of Excellence! Our Nation is formed by
the union of States (focused on Equality, Justice, Liberty…for
all)-with own State sovereignty, identity, uniqueness, diversity… US
Citizens in PR, like other States, are a very complex group of people
that are legally born US Citizens- part of our US multi-ethnic and
beautiful “Tapestry” of vibrant colors that is united and bonded
together by common values and purpose for the good of all. They are
very proud of their roots, linage, and heritage as part of the shared
macro Western culture. Plus, as most enlighten US Citizens, they
believe in: God, love, truth, fairness, justice…;are hard workers,
family oriented; community servants…-- US values engrained! We must stop confusing
the People by calling PR a “Commonwealth” or as translated in
Spanish-ELA (Free Associated State); overcome the un-fair oppressive
tactics of the misinformed, closet bigots… hidden agendas; not
discriminate or provide poor age old excuses (consensus, language…)
to keep PR a federal un-democratic US Territory. Remember, we are
dealing with born US Citizens… More Spanish is spoken in the States
than in Puerto Rico or Spain! (US is the 2d largest Spanish Nation in
the World.) Also, the original
Territorial Clause was written in another era…when the founding
Fathers (with no Women, Blacks, or Hispanics participation; some had
slaves…)were more focused on uniting sovereign States…forming a
representative democracy under a Federal Government…, organizing the
boundaries of the US… not on an equal US Citizenship. But, our
democracy has evolved with its amendments! Today, US Citizenship
equality (per the US Constitution’s Amendments/Bill of Rights) is
more important… We now own our
Constitution; not our fore Fathers! If there are constitutional
contradictions--conflict between the old un-democratic Territorial
clause (land domain laws) and the Bill of Rights and other amendments,
the Federal Courts should favor individual civil rights…; ensure the
US Citizen is the focus of our democracy...Plus, the 14th Amendment
states that you are a US Citizen if you are born in a State or
Naturalized… The only Status that can guarantee an equal and
permanent US Citizenship is Statehood. US President Regan said:
it was an “un-natural” state (favored statehood); is among other
US Presidents, Gov. Jeb Bush, US Rep. Serrano, US Attorney General
Thornburg…and Others that favor ending a 2d Class US Citizenship;
un-democratic Territorial Status. (Even if one US Citizen can’t
vote…it is one too many!) The US Territory of PR is an un-democratic
dinosaur of our trite colonial past! *NOTES: (Please,
see below some supporting History, Facts, Federal & Supreme Court
Decisions...) 1.
The US Supreme Court (Harris vs Rosario and in other Cases) has
wrongly determined (interpreted) that Congress can differentiate
(discriminate) in respect to non-basic Constitutional rights (not
outlined in cases…). Congress hasn’t written any laws-- that
clearly state or the US Supreme Court hasn’t decided: 2.
In short term, Congress can start redressing an un-democratic
wrong: a.
Incorporate the US Territory of Puerto Rico; protect individual
civil rights-permanent US Citizenship (under 14th Amendment- which a
future Congress can’t change). b.
Allow just representation in the US House (Voice/ Vote) for 4
million US Citizens residing in PR (not prohibited by our US
Constitution). (Title: PR Congressman or ?) c.
Increase (proportionally) the number of US Representatives,
based on the enormous population increases of the last Century…, and
include 6 or 7 US Representatives from Puerto Rico… US President Reagan and
other Patriots have it right…this is an “un-natural state…” of
affairs for the USA—the shining world example of equality and just
representative Democracy! We need to do right—advance American
Democracy; end un-equal statutory US Citizenship and Puerto Rico’s
un-democratic territorial Status now! PETITION:
We patriotically petition our Federal Government to uphold the
essence of our representative democracy: “consent of the
governed’/political equality-- by ending Puerto Rico’s federal
un-democratic territorial Status and 2d Class US Citizenship (where
born US Citizens/ US Veterans can’t vote in Federal elections nor
have just representation in Congress…; respect the PR internal
democratic plebiscite (Nov. 2012)
results (Non-Territorial Status =54% ; Statehood=61%;
Undefined ELA “Soberano” (Free Association)=33%; Total
Independence=5%).
1.
Former Chief Judge Torruella (US 1st Circuit Court of Appeals)
published: "The Supreme Court and Puerto Rico: The Doctrine of
Separate and Unequal-1985": This book critiques the judicial
system and compares the “Insular Cases” (1902-1922), that defined
the status of Puerto Rico/US Citizenship, to Plessy v. Ferguson
(separate but equal doctrine to justify racial segregation) that was
overturned with Brown v Board of Education (1954)-- to Puerto Rico’s
case of un-democratic inequality… (where there exists a 2d Class US
Citizenship…) 2.
Chief Judge Torruellas further states: : "The Supreme
Court continues to cling to this anachronistic remnants of the stone
age of American constitutional law notwithstanding that the doctrines
espoused by the "Insular Cases" seriously curtail the rights
of several million citizens... of the US." Reflecting on over 115
years of US un-democratic control of Puerto Rico, he further says:
"the disparity of rights that result from this relationship has
in my opinion for too long been relegated to the back burners of
American constitutional thought and dialogue..." and “whatever
the future holds for this island, its people should strive for the
equality which has too long eluded them”. 3.
US Attorney General Thornburg, Sen. Bob Graham (read one of my
letters on the US Senate Floor), Gov. Jeb Bush, and others have stated
that those US Citizens that live in PR are “2d Class Citizens”.
Besides, Supreme Court decisions, Congressional and Presidential
Reports… state that PR is a US Territory (possession…under our
Constitution…)-not a Commonwealth (or Free Associated State) terms
that confuse or fool people… 4.
A report from the University of Connecticut on US Citizenship
states, the Insular Cases established that “Puerto Rico could be
treated as an unincorporated territory…. because the population of
the island was racially inferior and unfit to share in the rights and
responsibilities of the United States”… 5.
More importantly, majority opinion written by Justice Henry
Billings Brown, the same judge who wrote the infamous decision Plessy
v. Ferguson [153 U.S. 537 (1896)], also argued that the United States
was only comprised of states and that territories, incorporated or
otherwise, were located outside of the United States for
constitutional purposes. Although it is true that Judge Brown stood
alone in making this interpretation, the U.S. government subsequently
accepted this argument. There has been no change enacted by Congress
to incorporate Puerto Rico which to the eyes of the statutory Law is a
non-incorporated Territory possession belonging to the USA. 6.
Also, the Supreme Court has made an interpretation of the US
Constitution & / ruled that Congress, under Article 4, (Harris vs
Rosario) can “differentiate”-set aside some of the equal voting
protection of the US Constitution… (This is not democracy but
despotism…fig leaf tyranny!) 7.
Finally in 1940 Congress enacted new corrective legislation
that sought to resolve the continuing growth of this undocumented
population in Puerto Rico with the enactment of the Nationality Act of
1940 [54 Stat. 1137 (1940)]. 8.
This legislation included specific provisions that
retroactively naturalized all persons born in Puerto Rico after April
11, 1899 and extended birthright or jus soli citizenship to all
persons born in the island after 1941. For the purposes of this act,
Puerto Rico was distinguished from other outlying or unincorporated
territories and became a geographical part of the United States
(Section 101d). In addition, Section 202 extended birthright or jus
soli citizenship to all persons born in the island without any
restrictions. 9.
This law was subsequently codified in 1952 [8 U.S.C. §1402, 66
Stat. 236 (1952)] and remains the main source of U.S. citizenship for
all persons born in Puerto Rico. Persons born in Puerto Rico after
1941 are presently entitled to acquire a form of birthright or jus
soli citizenship. The question however is whether the extension of
birthright citizenship without explicitly changing the unincorporated
territorial status of the island guarantees that persons born in
Puerto Rico can be entitled to a constitutional (14th Amendment) form
of birthright citizenship, a form of jus soli citizenship that extends
to the children of citizens or undocumented migrants alike that are
born in the United States. 10. Most
policymakers and academics suggest that Congress merely extended a
statutory or legislative form of birthright citizenship to the island
because Congress has never explicitly recognized the extension of the
14th Amendment to Puerto Rico. Alternatively, others argue that in
order to extend jus soli citizenship to the island the Federal
government had to treat Puerto Rico as an incorporated territory of
the United States. 11. This
latter argument suggests that Congress can selectively incorporate
Puerto Ricans for citizenship purposes without having to change the
island’s political status. Suffice it to say that this is an open
question that has been lingering for more than half a century. (It is
time to end un-equal US Citizenship; PR’s Territorial Status! Truth,
Fairness, Equality, & Justice under our gran American Flag!) 12. The
US Constitution original un-democratic Territorial Clause, was written
when the founding Fathers that had slaves… (With no Women, Blacks,
or Hispanics participation) were focused on developing a Federal
democratic Government; the boundaries of the US… not on an equal US
Citizenship. It worked during the forming of America, but, today the
US Citizen is the epicenter of our representative democracy with
protected individual civil rights for all… (per the US
Constitution’s Bill of Rights and other Amendments ). 13. *US
Territory of Puerto Rico local Plebiscite results (6 Nov. 2012) 78+%
US Citizens voted: (two questions) a. Q1:
Whether they agreed to continue with Puerto Rico's territorial status:
958,915 (54.00%) voted "No" (expression against maintaining
the current political status) (65,863 left the question blank) b. Q2: To indicate the political status they
preferred from three possibilities: Statehood, Independence (Total),
or ELA Soberano (a sovereign nation in free association with the USA)
(which was not properly defined…)
(1) Statehood: 824,195 (61.15%)
(2) Independence (Total):
74,812 (5.55%) (3) ELA Soberano/Free Association: 449,679
(33.34%) (which was not
properly defined; confused Voters as to the true definition under our
Constitution…) (NOTE:
All had the opportunity and duty to vote. The elected PR Governor
received a minority vote of 47% in this very tight race…yet got
elected…; PR’s Representative in Congress Pierluisi, who is for
Statehood, received more votes than the Governor… Whatever, the case
no one should try to diminish or undermine a democratic vote, but,
move to ensure an equal US Citizenship; advance American Democracy.) 14. US
Citizenship: 8 U.S.C. Code: “All persons born in Puerto Rico on or
after April 11, 1899, and prior to January 13, 1941, subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States, residing on January 13, 1941, in
Puerto Rico or other territory over which the United States exercises
rights of sovereignty and not citizens of the United States under any
other Act, are declared to be citizens of the United States as of
January 13, 1941. All persons born in Puerto Rico on or after January
13, 1941, and subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, are
citizens of the United States at birth.” 15. Nowhere
does the 8 U.S.C. states permanent or naturalized US Citizenship…!
Q: Can Congress use its naturalization powers (for the totality of a
population) in an un-incorporated Territory that according to US
Supreme Court decisions is more foreign…,
not “part”, but, a possession that belongs to the USA…or
make the 14th amendment apply in this type of Status…? Can a future
Congress revoke its law…? QUESTION:
If you support the essence of our Democracy-consent of the governed
(just representation); an equal US Citizenship under our US Flag--
what prompt actions will you take to end an un-equal non-permanent 2d
Class US Citizenship (that affects millions of US Citizens-including
fighting American Veterans); end the US Territory of Puerto Rico’s
(115 year) trite federally undemocratic politically oppressed Status? Sooner or later, we must
amend the US Constitution (which we now own); end misinterpretations
of its essence, which is: the US Citizen with protected civil
individual rights (so there can be “consent of the governed” in a
representative democracy; not un-democratic Federal
Government…political oppression). We must make it clear
that, when acquired our US Citizenship, under the American Flag, must
come with protected
individual civil rights for all…; Territories are a Transition
Status of no more than 15 years…; will have proportional voice and
vote in the US House… In sum: This isn’t just about a Group question
on the Status issue; but, more importantly it’s about equal US
Citizenship—protecting individual civil rights—essence of our
representative democracy…) We must advance American Democracy;
ensure equal US Citizenship, under our grand USA Flag! REFERENCES: US Constitution, US History, Supreme
Court interpretative decisions, Presidential (W. Bush/Obama),
Congressional Reports/Testimonies, Univ. of Connecticut Citizenship
and other Reports… ENCLOSURE: Decision US District Judge GELPÍ: (Consejo
de Salud Playa de Ponce vs Rullan), 2008 : Civil Nos. 06-1260(GAG),
06-1524(GAG). (Part II
& III) II. Overview of the Constitutional Issues
Presented ·
The unequal and discriminatory fiscal treatment given to Puerto
Rico by the Medicaid wraparound scheme is conspicuous and egregious.
More so, it is not an isolated incident of the federal government
disparately treating Puerto Rico and the nearly four million United
States citizens living in or moving to this territory, insofar health
and welfare benefits are concerned. See, e.g., Supplemental Security
Income Program of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1381 et. seq.
(only applicable to United States citizens residing in the fifty
states and the District of Columbia); Aid to Families with Dependent
Children Program, 42 U.S.C. § 601 et. seq. (providing lower level of
aid to families with dependent children reimbursement to Puerto Rico). ·
*Under the Insular Cases doctrine, only fundamental
constitutional rights extend to unincorporated United States
territories, whereas in incorporated territories all constitutional
provisions are in force. Balzac
v. Puerto Rico, 258 U.S. 298, 42 S.Ct. 343, 66 L.Ed. 627 (1922).
In Balzac, the Court determined that Puerto Rico was an unincorporated
territory. Thus, in order for the Spending Clause protections to apply
to Puerto Rico, Congress must have subsequently incorporated the
territory. Otherwise, the Clause would not apply because it is not the
source of any fundamental rights.[3]De
Lima v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 1, 21 S.Ct. 743, 45 L.Ed. 1041 (1900)
(holding that Article I, § 8 cl. 1 of the Constitution did not apply
to Puerto Rico).[4] ·
*In an unincorporated United States territory Congress can also
discriminate against the territory and its citizens so long as there
exists a rational basis for such disparate treatment. Califano
v. Torres, 435 U.S. 1, 98 S.Ct. 906, 55 L.Ed.2d 65 (1984);
Harris
v. Rosario, 446 U.S. 651, 100 S.Ct. 1929, 64 L.Ed.2d 587 (1980).
Contrariwise, in an incorporated territory, just as in a
state, heightened constitutional scrutiny will apply. The Court's
analysis of the issues presented, thus, must necessarily commence by
determining whether Puerto Rico remains an unincorporated territory,
or if Congress, on the other hand, post-Balzac, incorporated the
territory. Best Wishes! For the good of all! VR, Dennis O. Freytes (MPA, MHR, BBA); L Colonel US
Army Ret.; Community Servant PS: My Father (Celio Freytes Menendez) and my
Mother (Gloria E. Gonzalez Marrero) asked me to take on this righteous
quest that affects millions of 2d Class US Citizens-- that want to
have equal civil rights as other Citizens… My Father has the Combat
Infantryman’s Badge-with star (World War II & Korea); fought
with the Hispanic segregated 65th Infantry (The Borinqueneers). My
Mother was a Teacher and Social Worker. They deserve better treatment!
On their behalf, and millions of other patriotic loyal US
Citizens—join me in this just cause! "No Task too difficult; no
Mission impossible--Will do!"
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| Borinqueneers
Congressional Gold Medal Alliance kicks off National Campaign
Borinqueneers CGM Alliance 12075
Magazine Street, Suite 12211 Orlando, FL 32828 239-530-8075 |
| Orlando, FL – A
nation-wide, all-volunteer group of individuals and organizations has
formed the Borinqueneers Congressional Gold Medal Alliance, and is
launching an intense campaign to secure the Congressional Gold Medal for
the US Army’s 65th Infantry
Regiment, better-known as the "Borinqueneers". The
Borinqueneers are the largest and longest-standing, segregated military
unit in US history, having fought in WWI, WWII, and the Korean War.
The Congressional Gold Medal has been bestowed to other minority veterans who served in segregated units, including: July 26, 2001 – the Native American Navajo Code Talkers March 29, 2007 –the African-American Tuskegee Airmen November 2, 2011 - the Japanese-American Nisei Soldiers June 28, 2012 - the African-American Montford Point Marines The alliance currently is asking all liked-minded Americans to write to or email their US congressional representatives, including their two US Senators and one US House of Representatives member to support this initiative. The Congressional Gold Medal requires the support of a majority of our US legislators. This should be completed before the end of February, the organization noted. An additional priority is to identify all living Borinqueneers. They, or friends and relatives, should email the alliance at 65thCGM@gmail.com. This Latino-American unit was mainly made up of Puerto Ricans, but also included some recruits with other Latino backgrounds, as well as continental officers. The Borinqueneer who later achieved the highest rank, a Mexican-American from Texas, became the first ever Latino-American Four-Star Army General. His name is Richard E. Cavazos. He holds numerous awards for heroism, military leadership, and service. These include two Distinguished Service Crosses, our nation’s second highest individual military honor for heroism, one earned in Korea and the other from Vietnam. The late Modesto Cartagena, a Borinqueneer who served in WWII and Korea, is the most decorated Puerto Rican soldier in US history. He holds the Distinguished Service Cross, as well as the Silver Star, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star with oak leaf cluster and "V" device, the Purple Heart, and many others. The Borinqueneers are credited with the final battalion-sized bayonet assault in US Army history. In early 1951 while fighting in Korea, two battalions of the 65th fixed bayonets and charged straight up hill toward the enemy, over running them and overtaking the enemy’s strategic position. MORE General Douglas MacArthur said of the Borinqueneers, "The Puerto Ricans forming the ranks of the gallant 65th Infantry give daily proof on the battlefields of Korea of their courage, determination and resolute will to victory, their invincible loyalty to the United States and their fervent devotion to those immutable principles of human relations which the Americans of the Continent and of Puerto Rico have in common. They are writing a brilliant record of heroism in battle and I am indeed proud to have them under my command. I wish that we could count on many more like them." During Korea, the Borinqueneers were awarded 10 Distinguished Service Crosses, 256 Silver Stars, 606 Bronze Stars, and 2,771 Purple Hearts. Deaths in Korea among the Borinqueneers numbered 750 men. Of these, over 100 are still listed as Missing in Action. The national chair of the Borinqueneers Congressional Gold Medal Alliance is Frank Medina, an engineer and 2002 graduate of West Point. His Army tenure included serving a combat tour in Iraq before transitioning to civilian life. Medina has helped to bring together this coalition of veterans groups, military supporters, Latino-American organizations, and others. His grandfather is a Borinqueneer. The alliance is sponsored by the 65 th Infantry Veterans Association, Inc. of Puerto Rico.Raul Castañeira of Florida, the youngest of four Borinqueneer brothers, recently pleaded with Medina passionately that, "I and many 65th Infantry veterans will rest in peace knowing that the Borinqueneers will be bestowed such an award (the Congressional Gold Medal)," and thereby bringing emotional closure after the many adverse experiences they faced while serving in the 65th Inf. Regiment long ago. Supporters should send letters or email their US legislators as follows. Contact your (2) U.S. Senators and your (1) US House of Representatives member. The adoption of the Borinqueneers Congressional Gold Medal will require the vote/support from a majority of our US legislators. Contact them via letter or email before the end of February. US Senators list: http://www.senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm US House of Representatives list: http://www.house.gov/representatives/find A sample letter/email is available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/119819233/Borinqueneers-CGM-Request-for-Congressional-Support-Letter-REV-11-25-2012 More information on this important initiative is available at the alliance’s website: http://www.65thCGM.org and their official Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/BorinqueneersCGMAlliance . -30-
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| Descriptive Catalogue of the Documents Relating to the History of the United States in the Archivo General de Indias |
An invaluable aid for finding things in the Spanish Cuban Papers http://books.google.com/books?id=sSoOutbxa5UC&printsec=frontcover&source= gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q&f=false Sent by Bill Carmena JCarm1724@aol.com and Paul Newfield III skip@thebrasscannon.com
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| Argentinean Network, Magazine started in 2012 Shameful Legacy of the Monroe Doctrine, by Conn Hallinan
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| Argentinean Network, Magazine started in 2012 Very diverse topics, not just those of Argentine heritage, with articles of broad appeal. http://www.argentinean-network.com/H_Stress_Part2.html eugene@argentinean-network.com |
| The
Shameful Legacy of the Monroe Doctrine Militarizing Latin America by CONN HALLINAN |
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This past December marked the 190th anniversary of the Monroe Doctrine,
the 1823 policy declaration by President James Monroe that essentially
made Latin America the exclusive reserve of the United States. And if
anyone has any doubts about what lay at the heart of that Doctrine,
consider that since 1843 the U.S. has intervened in Mexico, Argentina,
Chile, Haiti, Nicaragua, Panama, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Honduras, the
Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Uruguay,
Granada, Bolivia, and Venezuela. In the case of Nicaragua, nine times,
and Honduras, eight. Sometimes the intrusion was unadorned with diplomatic niceties: the U.S. infantry assaulting Chapultepec Castle outside Mexico City in 1847, Marines hunting down insurgents in Central America, or Gen. "Black Jack" Pershing pursuing Pancho Villa through Chihuahua in 1916. At other times the intervention was cloaked in shadow—a secret payoff, a nod and a wink to some generals, or strangling an economy because some government had the temerity to propose land reform or a re-distribution of wealth. For 150 years, the history of this region, that stretches across two hemispheres and ranges from frozen tundra to blazing deserts and steaming rainforests, was in large part determined by what happened in Washington. As the wily old Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz once put it, the great tragedy of Latin America is that it lay so far from God and so near to the United States. But Latin America today is not the same as was 20 years ago. Left and progressive governments dominate most of South America. China has replaced the U.S. as the region’s largest trading partner, and Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Venezuela have banded together in a common market, Mercosur, that is the third largest on the planet. Five other nations are associate members. The Union of South American Nations and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean State have sidelined that old Cold War relic, the Organization of American States. The former includes Cuba, but excludes the U.S. and Canada. On the surface, Mr. Monroe’s Doctrine would appear to be a dead letter. Which is why the policies of the Obama administration vis-à-vis Latin America are so disturbing. After decades of peace and economic development, why is the U.S. engaged in a major military buildup in the region? Why has Washington turned a blind eye to two successful, and one attempted, coups in the last three years? And why isn’t Washington distancing itself from the predatory practices of so-called "vulture funds," whose greed is threatening to destabilize the Argentinean economy? As it has in Africa and Asia, the Obama administration has militarized its foreign policy vis-à-vis Latin America. Washington has spread a network of bases from Central America to Argentina. Colombia now has seven major bases, and there are U.S. military installations in Honduras, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, and Belize. The newly reactivated Fifth Fleet prowls the South Atlantic. Marines are in Guatemala chasing drug dealers. Special Forces are in Honduras and Colombia. What are their missions? How many are there? We don’t know because much of this deployment is obscured by the cloak of "national security." The military buildup is coupled with a disturbing tolerance for coups. When the Honduran military and elites overthrew President Manuel Zelaya in 2009, rather than condemning the ouster, the Obama administration lobbied—albeit largely unsuccessfully—for Latin American nations to recognize the illegally installed government. The White House was also silent about the attempted coup against leftist Rafael Correa in Ecuador the following year, and has refused to condemn the "parliamentary" coup against the progressive president of Paraguay, Fernando Lugo, the so-called "Red Bishop". Dark memories of American engineered and supported coups against governments in Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Guatemala are hardly forgotten on the continent, as a recent comment by Argentine economics minister Hernan Lorenzino made clear. Calling a U.S. Appeals Court ruling that Buenos Aires should pay $1.3 billion in damages to two "vulture fund" creditors "legal colonialism," the minister said "All we need now is for [Appeals Court Judge Thomas] Griesa to send us the Fifth Fleet." Much of this military buildup takes place behind the rhetoric of the war on drugs, but a glance at the placement of bases in Colombia suggests that the protection of oil pipelines has more to do with the marching orders of U.S. Special Forces than drug-dealers. Plan Col0mbia, which has already cost close to $4 billion, was conceived and lobbied for by the Los Angeles-based oil and gas company, Occidental Petroleum. Colombia currently has five million displaced people, the most in the world. It is also a very dangerous place if you happen to be a trade unionist, in spite of the fact that Bogota is supposed to have instituted a Labor Action Plan (LAP) as part of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Washington. But since the Obama administration said the Colombian government was in compliance with LAP, the attacks have actually increased. "What happened since then [the U.S. compliance statement] is a surge in reprisals against almost all trade unions and labor activists that really believed in the Labor Action Plan," says Gimena Sanchez-Garzoli of the Latin American watchdog organization, WOLA. Human Rights Watch reached a similar conclusion. The drug war has been an unmitigated disaster, as an increasing number of Latin American leaders are concluding. At least 100,000 people have been killed or disappeared in Mexico alone, and the drug trade is corrupting governments, militaries and police forces from Bolivia to the U.S. border. And lest we think this is a Latin American problem, several Texas law enforcement officers were recently indicted for aiding and abetting the movement of drugs from Mexico to the U.S. The Obama administration should join the growing chorus of regional leaders who have decided to examine the issue of legalization and to de-militarize the war against drugs. Recent studies have demonstrated that there is a sharp rise in violence once militaries become part of the conflict and that, as Portugal and Australia have demonstrated, legalization does not lead to an increase in the number of addicts. A major U.S, initiative in the region is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), even though it has led to increases in poverty, social dislocation, and even an increase in the drug trade. In their book "Drug War Mexico" Peter Walt and Roberto Zapeda point out that deregulation has opened doors for traffickers, a danger that both the U.S. Customs Service and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) warned about back in 1993. By lowering or eliminating tariffs, NAFTA has flooded Latin America with cheap, U.S. government subsidized corn that has put millions of small farmers out of business, forcing them to either immigrate, flood their country’s overstressed cities, or turn to growing more lucrative crops—marijuana and coca. From 1994, the year NAFTA went into effect, to 2000, some two million Mexican farmers left their land, and hundreds of thousands of undocumented people have emigrated to the U.S. each year. According to the aid organization, Oxfam, the FTA with Colombia will result in a 16 percent drop in income for 1.8 million farmers and a loss of income between 48 percent and 70 percent for some 400,000 people working under that country’s minimum monthly wage of $328.08. "Free trade" prevents emerging countries from protecting their own industries and resources, and pits them against the industrial might of the U.S. That uneven playing field results in poverty for Latin Americans, but enormous profits for U.S. corporations and some of the region’s elites. The White house has continued the Bush administration’s demonization of president Hugo Chavez of Venezuela, in spite of the fact that Chavez has been twice elected by large margins, and his government has overseen a major reduction in poverty. According to the United Nations, Venezuelan inequality is the lowest in Latin America, poverty has been cut by a half, and extreme poverty by 70 percent. These kinds of figures are something the Obama administration supposedly hails. As for Chavez’s attacks on the U.S., given that U.S. supported the 2002 coup against him, has deployed Special Forces and the CIA in neighboring Colombia, and takes a blasé attitude toward coups, one can hardly blame the Chavistas for a certain level of paranoia. Washington should recognize that Latin America is experimenting with new political and economic models in an attempt to reduce the region’s traditional poverty, underdevelopment, and chronic divisions between rich and poor. Rather than trying to marginalize leaders like Chavez, Correa, Evo Morales of Bolivia, and Christine Kirchner of Argentina, the Obama administration should accept the fact that the U.S. is no longer the Northern Colossus that always gets it way. In any case, it is the U.S. currently being marginalized in the region, not its opponents. Instead of signing silly laws, like "The Countering Iran in the Western Hemisphere Act" (honest to God), the White House should be lobbying for Brazil to become a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, ending its illegal and immoral blockade of Cuba, and demanding that Britain end support for its colony in the Falkland’s or Malvinas. The fact is that Britain can’t "own" land almost 9,000 miles from London just because it has a superior navy. Colonialism is over. And while the administration cannot directly intervene with the U.S. Court of Appeals in the current dispute between Elliot Management, Aurelius Capital Management, and Argentina, the White House should make it clear that it thinks the efforts by these "vulture funds" to cash in on the 2002 Argentine economic crisis are despicable. There is also the very practical matter that if "vulture funds" force Buenos Aires to pay full fare for debts they purchased for 15 cents on the dollar, it will threaten efforts by countries like Greece, Spain, Ireland and Portugal to deal with their creditors. Given that U.S. banks—including the "vultures"—had a hand in creating the crisis in the first place, it is especially incumbent on the American government to stand with the Kirchner government in this matter. And if the Fifth Fleet does get involved, it might consider shelling Elliot’s headquarters in the Cayman Islands. After centuries of colonial exploitation and economic domination by the U.S. and Europe, Latin America is finally coming into its own. It largely weathered the worldwide recession in 2008, and living standards are generally improving throughout the region—dramatically so in the countries Washington describes as "left." These days Latin America’s ties are more with the BRICS—Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa—than with the U.S., and the region is forging its own international agenda. There is unanimous opposition to the blockade of Cuba, and, in 2010, Brazil and Turkey put forth what is probably the most sensible solution to date on how to end the nuclear crisis with Iran. Over the next four years the Obama administration has an opportunity to re-write America’s long and shameful record in Latin America and replace it with one built on mutual respect and cooperation. Or it can fall back on shadowy Special Forces, silent subversion, and intolerance of differences. The choice is ours. Conn Hallinan can be read at dispatchesfromtheedgeblog.wordpress.com and middleempireseries.wordpress.com http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/01/16/militarizing-latin-america/ From: Dorinda Moreno pueblosenmovimientonorte@gmail.com |
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| Miss Philippines Janine Tugonon
The Internet by Eddie AAA Calderón, Ph.D.
En 1945, Se estrena 'Los últimos de Filipinas'
Ancient World, Philippines
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During the question and answer portion, Tugonon was asked “Do you believe that speaking English should be prerequisite for Miss Universe 2012?” Tugonon answered: “For me, being Miss Universe is not just about knowing how to speak a specific language. It’s about being able to influence and inspire other people.” “If you have a heart to serve and a strong mind to show people then you can be Miss Universe,” Tugonon said. The final five was chosen after the evening gown portion. Tugonon is the latest of a long line of candidates that have made the final five in the pageant. Venus Raj, Shamcey Supsup who joined in the previous pageants also made it into the top five. Miss U.S.A. brought the Miss Universe crown back to the United States for the first time in more than a decade when she won the pageant. Olivia Culpo beat out 88 other beauty queens to take the title from Leila Lopes of Angola during the two-hour competition at the Planet Hollywood casino on the Las Vegas Strip. She won over the judges, even after tripping slightly during the evening gown competition. Telecasters pointed it out but also noted her poised recovery. Minutes before the middle child of five was crowned, she was asked whether she had she had ever done something she regretted. “I’d like to start off by saying that every experience no matter what it is, good or bad, you’ll learn from it. That’s just life,” she said. “But something I’ve done I’ve regretted is probably picking on my siblings growing up, because you appreciate them so much more as you grow older.” Miss Philippines, Janine Tugonon, came in second, while Miss Venezuela, Irene Sofia Esser Quintero, placed third. The Miss Universe pageant was back in Las Vegas this year after being held in Sao Paulo in 2011. It aired live on NBC and was streamed to more than 100 countries. Organizers had considered holding the 61st annual Miss Universe in the popular Dominican Republic tourist city of Punta Cana, but Miss Universe Organization President Paula Shugart said that country’s financial crisis proved to be too much of an obstacle. The panel of 10 judges included singer Cee Lo Green, “Iron Chef” star Masaharu Morimoto and Pablo Sandoval of the San Francisco Giants. Asked on the red carpet whether he found playing in the World Series or judging the beauty pageant to be more difficult, Sandoval said both were hard. Sharply dressed women and men,
including a large contingent from South America, held banners The pageant started as a local
revue in Long Beach, California, organized by Catalina Swimwear As Miss Universe, Culpo will
receive an undisclosed salary, a wardrobe fit for a queen, a limitless
supply of beauty products, and a luxury apartment in New York City. With
Associated Press Sent by Eddie Calderon, Ph.D. eddieaaa@hotmail.com |
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The Internet by Eddie AAA Calderón, Ph.D. |
| The above subject matter is no longer an uncommon topic to talk about and discuss. However, I would like to dwell on this topic as its appearance and emergence in life have indeed brought great significance to human race especially in the area of communication. Forty three years ago in 1970 when I was in the Philippines doing my Ph.D. dissertation research and at the same time making a visiting after being gone for 6 years, a boyhood friend from my mother's home town of Taal, Batangas who was very happy to see me after my long years absence, was very much intrigued and at the same impressed with the rapid advance in communication especially in the Western world and in the USA in particular. He asked me if someday we could talk to each other, whether we were close by or we were continents' apart, via a hand held telephone device. I looked at him with a big surprise not thinking and expecting such topic to come from him. I then told him that it would someday come but I did not know when. By the turn of the 20th century that prophesy or prediction did come not only with hand held or portable telephone but also via computer with internet access, heretofore referred to as a computer-w/i/a, especially the portable ones or the lap tops. When I returned to the Philippines in 1993 for my second visit after a 23 years of absence, I noticed many of my countrymates including my relatives using cellular telephones to communicate with one another. And now you can use those hand held telephones to communicate with one another far across the sea. The cellular phones were used to be big and bulky when they first made their appearance, but now you can put a portable telephone in your pocket. The very amazing thing about this development is that not only are the telephones the means to have that kind of communication from nearby or across the sea, but we have now used our computer-w/i/a to have not only a two way but multiple or group communication. |
| Years before we had email communication, we could only communicate by letters via the post office and telephone. Writing letters that involved an inordinate amount of time to wait for a response and using a telephone especially for across the sea communication was not only expensive but it was not a ready made communication product. Most often we found bad connections and therefore communication between people on different side of the globe encountered a myriad of problems. We rarely see people communicating by writing letters via the post office unless we are sending original letters including documents that may have to be notarized for official purpose. |
| Writing emails has been an easy chore right in your home or any place with the appearance of a computer-w/i/a. For those who do not have their own sets of computer, the public library is an important and popular place to be able to use a computer which is free of charge. The other places include non-profit organizations, e.g shelters for homeless people, etc where their usage is available to patrons. |
| The two way communication with a computer-w/i/a is instant whether the persons are half away around the world or they are just communicating with each other next door. I could not believe that with email communication I would be reunited with my long lost friends, classmates from grade school to college, relatives, and neighbours from the Philippines where I used to live. I could not also also believe that daily communication via email is a reality and communicating with one another from far places is like talking to your neighbours and housemates. For my case, I do communicate daily with friends around the globe on many topics of interest via email. Also with email communication we can see each other whether we live from distant places if the computers-w/i/a are equipped with cameras. The also helps us pay the bills on line, communicate with politicians, write comments on newspaper columns and news, and even attend classes to get an academic degree. |
| More importantly the task of undertaking research before involved going to the library or other places but with the computer you can look for topics and materials for your research without having to leave your place of domicile for most part. This is very important and useful when we take classes on line and write papers other than writing articles to a journal or magazine. |
| World tour is also possible without doing the real travel if one does not care for or does not have time to travel to get to know other countries, especially for those unable to travel. With the internet you can look for web pages in the convenience of your home to identify the country or countries that you are interested in seeing and you do not have to be confined to just seeing pictures or stationary objects as you can view video images of the country or countries and people you are interested in knowing. |
| You can also watch sports without having to go to the arenas and places where they are being held which you also find by watchingtelevision. But the computer-w/i/a goes further than a television as you do not have to be present to view the sport events as there are programs that record them which you can view them at your own leisure. Of course you can videotape the sport event shown on television, but you do not have to take extra efforts to do a videotape of the event. You can watch them via U-Tube and other programs where a computer-w/i/a is available whether you are at home, in the library, or at your friends' place. |
| The internet provides us us something to do especially if we have reached that retirement age where we can use or mainly rely on the computer to communicate with our friends from any place on earth or even our former co-office employees if we do not want to use the telephone to communicate with them. We can also write ideas and topics like yours truly who has contributed monthly articles for this Hispanic online magazine since September, 2011. I also share my articles to my local and international friends via email. Writing makes one think, and this activity may be of assistance in delaying the onslaught of Alzheimer's disease especially for those who may be predisposed to it because of heredity. The email communication makes your mind very active and productive. And for those who are retired, the internet is a very valuable tool to enjoy using and passing the time away. |
 But
most of all I do value the internet very much because it was the
medium where I met the Mutya ng Kyrgyzstan. And in living the
life of bachelor for all those years especially after I was very much
pre-occupied in taking care of my parents which had been my priority
until The Lord welcomed them to heaven, the internet played a very
vital role in my finally tying the knot for the first time which
occurred in the autumn of life.
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En 1945, |
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Estimada Mimi and Maria Elizabeth Embry
I thought the other link were very informative about first inhabitant
of the islands being there over 30,000 years ago and what went on
during the American and Spanish WAR in the Philippines.
 Rafael Ojeda
(253) 576-9547
rsnojeda@aol.com La película de Antonio Román, narrando la heroica resistencia de los soldados españoles durante el sitio de Baler en 1898, se estrenó en 1945, siendo declarada de interés
nacional. |
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ANCIENT WORLDS, Philippines |
| http://ancientweb.org/index.php/explore/country/Philippines |
| Long a strategic location in the South China sea, the
Philippines is not a single entity, but an archipelago made up of more
then 7000 islands, each with it's own history, ethnicity, and regional
dialects if not languages. In ancient times these differences were more
pronounced, with various Kingdoms at times constituting Luzon Island,
Mindanao island, and many of the other islands, yet these failed to ever
unify the entire archipelago under one dominant empire until more recent
times. because of this tremendous diversity, it instilled in the ancient
Filipinos a strong sense of identity, that resulted in them being known
as a fiercely independent group of people, and extremely able warriors.
This is further evidences by the fact that the Chinese never had a
complete dominance over this region, and centuries later the Spanish had
great difficulty in conquering this nation, in a historical parallel to
their incursions of the Americas. |
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TV serial on Isabel to Broadcast in Spain "Sir" Francis Drake by Angel Custodio Rebollo Plaza de la Soledad by Angel Custodio Rebollo Los mapas de Piris-Reis by Angel Custodio Rebollo Book: A Guidebook to the Regional Military Museum of the Canary Islands. Book: El Plan de las Afortunadas Islas de Canarias y La Isla de San Borondon Lessons from Nigeria and Spain Citizenship Offered to Jews of Sephardic Descent |
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TV serial on Isabel to Broadcast in Spain |
| Just by way of a correction to the part about the TV
serial on Isabel it
is, in fact, being broadcast in Spain, NOT England (although I do
concede
that I did say that a showing on British TV would be of considerable
interest, which may have given you a misleading impression)...but I
should
think that your readers will soon cotton onto that. Christopher Bently cdbgd190761@myopera.com |
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Algún tiempo
después del Descubrimiento de Cristóbal Colon, los barcos españoles
que hacían viaje desde el continente americano con destino a España,
eran sistemáticamente atacados por piratas y corsarios de países
europeos y después de saquearlos, la mayoría eran hundidos. A veces, los ataques eran tan violentos
que las embarcaciones no lo resistían y su naufragio se producía
antes de ser saqueado y estos son los muchos pecios que hoy duermen en
el fondo del mar y que esporádicamente son descubiertos por los
buscadores de tesoros. La primicia de la importancia de estos
ataques la tiene un inglés, de nombre Francis Drake que había nacido
en Devonshire en 1540, y su padre lo encomendó a un buen amigo suyo
para que aprendiese el arte de navegar en un pequeño bajel que
transportaba mercancías entre Inglaterra y Francia. Fue tan buen alumno que adelantó a su
maestro y éste al morir y no tener herederos, le dejo el bajel en el
que hasta 1567 continuó con el mismo cometido. Pero al tener noticias
que Hawkins armaba una escuadra para hostilizar las costas españolas
llamadas de Indias, vendió su barco y marchó a Plymouth para
ofrecerse como voluntario. Por su fama de buen marinero y valiente,
fue nombrado jefe de la dotación del navío “Dragón”, con el que
azotó no solo a los barcos españoles, sino atacó poblaciones en las
costas de Santa Marta, Nombre de Dios, y Río de la Hacha. Pronto adquirió tal notoriedad y riqueza,
que volvió a Inglaterra llamado por la reina Isabel I [Editor:
One of the most common Spanish translation for Elizabeth is Isabel.], quien le encomendó una expedición
secreta para atacar las colonias españolas en el Pacifico que partió
en 1577 al mando de un centenar de hombres con cinco barcos. Cruzó el Atlántico, llegó al Rio de la
Plata y continuó por el Estrecho de Magallanes hacia el Mar del Sur
recorriendo las costas de Chile y antes de llegar a las de Perú apresó
un barco español con 25.000 pesos en oro. Sin ser descubierto llegó
al puerto de El Callao y de doce barcos que se hallaban fondeados se
llevó uno cargado de plata, cortando los cables de los otros que
quedaron a la deriva. Llegó a las Molucas, Java y Célebes y
puso rumbo a Inglaterra, donde arribó en 1580, siendo recibido como
un héroe. La reina Isabel y en una ceremonia celebrada a bordo
del “Golden Hind” le concedió el título de “Sir”. También
fue miembro del Parlamento en 1584 y 1585.
En 1596 volvió a atacar a los barcos
españoles en Panamá y murió
de disentería en Portobelo.
Ángel Custodio Rebollo
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Hace unos días escribí un comentario sobre el escaso valor que le hemos dado en Huelva a nuestros recuerdos históricos. Huelva fue muy afectada por el terremoto de Lisboa de 1755, aunque antes había sufrido otros terremotos, pero el que sacudió bien a medio Portugal y a los pueblos costeros de Huelva, fue el de Lisboa. Se cayeron casas, cabezos, todo quedo arrasado, máxime si tenemos en cuenta con los rudimentarios medios con los que entonces contaban los
constructores. Aquí no hemos conservado nada que nos pudiera recordar un tiempo pasado. No digo que nos referimos a lo que había en 1755, lo lamentable es que ahora, con el cambio cultural que hemos asimilado todos, en el concepto de recuerdos históricos, seguimos igual. Hace unos días y con motivo de una de esas comidas que tenemos en los días precedentes a la Navidad, fui a un restaurante en la Plaza de la Soledad y recordé, que en aquel mismo lugar, había una casita pequeña, de paredes blancas por efectos de la cal, que según decía la leyenda, fue, en su dia, la vivienda de el mítico personaje Alonso Sánchez de Huelva. Sí, ese patrón, marino o marinero, que informó a Cristóbal Colón sobre la existencia de unas tierras al otro lado del Atlántico, que según dicen, había visitado cuando una tempestad le arrastró por aquella zona. Pues bien, la célebre “casita”, que después fue un establecimiento de bebidas y había tenido diferentes usos, desapareció y fue sustituida por unos edificios de medidas mucho mayores y se replanteo la plaza, que actualmente sirve solo para patinar y esporádicamente para que en las fiestas acoja a algún que otro “tenderete”. ¿No pudimos ubicar aquella “casita” de alguna forma en la estructura de la plaza para conservarla? Era lo que nos “debíamos como onubenses”, ¡pero no, se arrasó y se hizo un daño de valor histórico¡. Afortunadamente, aun conservo un magnifico dibujo coloreado que me regaló un buen amigo, que por desgracia ya no está entre nosotros, y todos los días veo en el cuadro “aquella pequeña casita que dice la leyenda perteneció a Alonso Sánchez de Huelva” Ángel Custodio Rebol Publicado en el Periodico de Huelva el 19 de diciembre de 2012 |
Los mapas de Piris-Reis
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Nosotros
aquí, tenemos la de Alonso Sánchez de Huelva, que según dicen
conoció al Almirante en las Islas Madeira y transmitió su
experiencia de un viaje al que le había alejado una tormenta cuando
se dirigía a Inglaterra y
fue a parar, al parecer, al otro lado del Mar de las Tinieblas, donde convivió
con los nativos durante algún tiempo, hasta que pudo construir una
embarcación que le permitió regresar. Recuerdo
haber leído
un libro de la Duquesa de Medina Sidonia, en el que habla de los
musulmanes que partiendo de África visitaban, desde tiempos
inmemoriales,, una veces llevados por tempestades y otras por propia
iniciativa, las costas de la tierra que había al otro lado del Océano. Ahora
ha caído en mis manos otra teoría, la de los
famoso mapas del turco
Piri Muhyl I Din Reis, (mas conocido como Piri-Reis), en una
colección que se componía de 210 mapas parciales, que
se titulaba “Libro de los Mares” y que se crearon entre 1513 y
1528. Piri-Reis
,era sobrino de uno de los más famosos piratas turcos.
Kamal Reis, y ejerció la misma profesión que su tío al servicio del
Sultán Selim I . Como era
un buen cartógrafo, fue recopilando los más famosos mapas existentes
en su época, que procedían de los lugares y épocas más distantes.
Viejos planos y mapamundis, realizados en tiempos de Alejandro Magno o
copias de siglos antes del nacimiento de Cristo, y
de ahí salieron sus mapas,
que según los expertos, gozan de una gran exactitud, para
los medios con los que contaban en las épocas en que fueron creados. Se
dice que algunos de estos mapas antiguos estaban
guardados por los Templarios y cuando la Orden se disolvió, por
alguna casualidad fueron a parar a manos de Don Cristóbal y éste los
unió a sus teorías e incluso los utilizó en
sus viajes. Algunos
de los mapas de Piris-Reis, aparecieron y
están depositados desde 1929 en el Palacio Topkapi, en Estambul. Los
expertos comentan que uno de los rasgos más característicos de estos
viejos mapas, son una exactitud en el conocimiento de la longitud,
algo que no se desarrolló en el mundo hasta casi el siglo XIX, y que
no era normal en la época en que se hicieron. Algunos de los mapas
parece que fueron realizados antes de que la costa antártica
fuera cubierta por la capa de hielo
que tiene en la actualidad. acustodiorebollo@gmail.com Publicado en el Periodico de Huelva, 1/18/2013 |
| Book: A Guidebook to the Regional Military Museum of the Canary Islands. | El Plan de las Afortunadas Islas del Reyno de Canarias y La Isla de San Borondon |
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http://books.google.com/books?id=UoZlW0ECUp0C&printsec =frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Juan+Tous+ Meli%C3%A1%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=R1j1UPiOCOfE2gX W0YEY&ved=0CGcQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q&f=false Sent by Paul Newfield III skip@thebrasscannon.com |
http://books.google.com/books?id=j00tTWnFgCYC&printse c=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Juan+Tous+Meli%C3%A1% 22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=R1j1UPiOCOfE2gXW0YEY&ved=0C D0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=true Sent
by Paul Newfield III skip@thebrasscannon.com
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LESSONS
from NIGERIA and SPAIN |
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The following is from a very savvy friend of mine living in a USA northern state. As long as the federal government and the liberal mainstream media refuse to inform and alert the citizens of the USA about the atrocities such as my friend describes, and as seen in the picture and detailed in the comments below, everyone in the USA, except government officials, law enforcement, celebrities and the wealthy who support those officials and can afford bodyguards, are in jeopardy. . Don't for a minute think it cannot happen in the United States just because our ancestors and every American living today has been blessed to live a peaceful existence on USA soil never invaded by a foreign country. The power structure in government and the liberal media today are keeping the rank and file citizens of America uninformed about the forthcoming dangers so the chosen few will be able to acquire the power wanted with little opposition from the masses. America's uninformed, naive population is in grave danger. Nigeria is a large central African Nation with a large population, large oil industry, and (like other nearby nations from Ghana to Sudan) a 90+% Muslim North and a majority Christian and animist South with many rich Muslims in powerful positions. Frequent news articles for years have reported bombed Christian services, massacred Christian villages and gatherings, stolen Christian women and girls, and reports of beheadings and mutilations by organized Muslim militias and Muslim mobs throughout the areas where Muslim and Christian communities intersect. News reports frequently report deaths in such incidents being in the hundreds. A very good friend sent the following picture to me, complete with his observations and the comments of a Catholic Priest concerning these incidents and public attempts to deny and bury the reality of what has evidently really been happening in these confrontations. WARNING - The graphic photo below of hundreds of Nigerian Christians that were recently burned alive in Nigeria. As I read the comments appearing below from my friend and Fr. Juan Carlos Martos, several things occurred to me that I believe are worth sharing. 1. Noting the silence of Muslims worldwide about these atrocities and noting similar barbarities now in Libya, Syria, Pakistan, Egypt and other Muslim nations against their own resident Christian communities; what are Christian Americans to realistically expect from growing Muslim communities in the United States? 2. Media and Internet controls, biases and deference's to governmental power are creating an unrealistic view of the realities all around us that will ultimately defer needed policy adjustments if we are to survive and prosper as a Nation. 3. Father Martos’ comments about Spain are revealing to me as my wife and I had just returned from Spain when Muslims blew up two commuter train cars killing many Spaniards just as Spanish elections were about to take place. The result was to terrorize Spanish voters who completely unexpectedly elected a Socialist government that promised to withdraw Spanish troops from the Iraq conflict and to “reach out to Muslims” as friends and enablers. That Socialist government immediately set out to register and control guns (including those beautiful double shotguns Spaniards hunt birds with), outlaw bullfighting, and eliminate hunting among many other newly-proclaimed government authorities. Today, Spain is broke; the Spanish Muslim population is higher than ever imagined when the Socialists took power; and riots over monetary policies, unemployment, and devalued currencies are threatening to split up the country and promise even more violent future turmoil. 4. As a former law enforcement officer, my eye was caught in the horrific Nigerian picture of what are evidently police or soldiers on the left side “taking a report” or working out what to do about bodies AFTER-THE-FACT of this horrific massacre. What can or should one say about a government that allows such religious hatred to repeatedly take place? Throughout Africa, UN “Peace-Keepers”, like African “Peace Keepers”, are worse than useless as they simply provide an international fiction of “doing something” as native people or religious adherents are butchered by powerful forces we will not even expose, much less oppose. 5. Wasn’t the “underwear bomber” that tried to blow up himself on a plane over Detroit from a wealthy Muslim family in Nigeria and educated in London? Was he called a “terrorist” or was he labeled a “travel violence perpetrator” like the US Army Major Muslim that killed all those people on “gun-free” Fort Hood Army Base was labeled a perpetrator of “workplace violence”? Was the “underwear bomber” ever tried or is he languishing somewhere as court officials worry about trying him bearded or clean-shaven like his US Army Officer counterpart? 6. The President of Nigeria is Head of State, Head of Government, and head of a Multi-Party System of elected officials. Do Nigerians have access to guns? Can Nigerian Christians defend themselves or must they wait for government police and/or troops when they and their families are about to be massacred? To answer this I researched Nigerian Gun Laws and here is what I found: Guns in Nigeria are “regulated by the President”. The right to gun ownership in Nigeria is not guaranteed by law. A license to own or possess a gun is only issued at “the discretion” of authority. Concealed weapons are forbidden. There are 1.5 legal firearms per 100 people. |
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 Juan Carlos Martos cmf Segretariato di PVMissionari ClarettianiVia Sacro Cuore à Maria-500197-Rome Sent by Paul Trejo, received from his friend usmcwog@gmail.com |
I
have no idea what it is going to take to awaken our population but the
wonderful America we have cherished for 237 years of exceptional
greatness is finished unless there is a sharp turn around of our Ship of
State. USA citizens are the only ones who can make that happen. Wake up
America, WAKE UP! |
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| The Spanish government has announced that it will grant
automatic citizenship to Jews of Sephardic descent, whose ancestors
were expelled from Spain in 1492.
The measure has been welcomed by Jewish groups, who say the move is long overdue and that it rights a historic wrong. But Muslim groups are now clamoring for reciprocity, and are demanding that the Spanish government grant instant citizenship to millions of descendants of Muslims who were also expelled from Spain during the Middle Ages. The so-called Right of Return for Sephardic Jews (Sepharad means Spain in Hebrew) was announced in Madrid on November 22 by the Spanish Justice Minister, Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón, and the Foreign Minister, José Manuel García-Margallo. Under existing Spanish law, Sephardic Jews already benefit from a preferential naturalization procedure that allows them to claim Spanish citizenship after having lived in Spain for only two years, a privilege that is also available to citizens of Spain's former colonies in Latin America and elsewhere. The change means that Sephardic Jews -- wherever they live in the diaspora -- will have to present an accreditation from the Spanish Federation of Jewish Communities (FCJE), a Jewish umbrella group, confirming their ancestry to claim a Spanish passport. Spain's offer applies only to those who identify themselves as Jewish. It does not apply to Sephardic Anousim (anousim in Hebrew means "coerced"), the descendants of Jews who were compelled by the Spanish Inquisition to convert to Roman Catholicism (they are sometimes also called crypto-Jews or Marranos). Secular anousim must seek religious training from the FCJE and undergo formal conversion to Judaism before they can obtain Spanish citizenship. The Spanish government has not said how many Jews it expects will apply for citizenship (a total of 698 Sephardic Jews obtained Spanish citizenship during the period 2006-2010). There are an estimated three million Sephardic Jews around the world today. Most live in Israel, the United States, Belgium, Greece, France and Turkey, but there are also sizeable communities in Latin America, especially in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela. No more than 45,000 Jews currently live in Spain -- out of a total Spanish population of 47 million -- which is only a fraction of the number of Jews who lived in the country before 1492, when Jews were forced to convert to Roman Catholicism or go into exile. The Edict of Expulsion, issued on March 31, 1492 by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain (Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon), and also known as the Alhambra Decree, ordered Jews to leave the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, and their territories and possessions, by July 31 of that same year. Up to 800,000 Jews are believed to have left Spain as a result of the decree. Another 50,000 chose to avoid expulsion by converting to Roman Catholicism. Spain first began granting citizenship to Sephardic Jews -- on an individual basis, not en masse -- in 1988, when the government of Felipe González modified the Spanish Civil Code. The concessions were halted in 2009 by the Socialist government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, but the procedure has now been revived and amended by the conservative government of Mariano Rajoy. Reacting to the Rajoy government's pledge to expedite the naturalization process for Sephardic Jews, Isaac Querub, the president of the FCJE, declared that November 22, 2012 would "pass into history as a day of clear blue sky and intense luminosity." For his part, Foreign Minister García-Margallo emphasized the historic links of the Jewish people with Spain. At a ceremony at the Centro Sefarad-Israel in Madrid, he said: "Our relations have never been forgotten and have intensified the more tolerant and democratic Spain has become." But Spanish political commentators have been speculating about both the reason and the timing behind the government's move. Just one week after announcing the Right of Return for Sephardic Jews, Spain voted in favor of upgrading the status of the Palestinian Authority at the United Nations. The November 29 vote was a major blow to Israel; some commentators have speculated that Spanish government announced the citizenship measure as a "gesture" to minimize the impact on bilateral relations. Others say the Spanish government is seeking to attract Jews as a way help remedy the country's severe economic problems. Just days before welcoming Sephardic Jews back to Spain, the government announced on November 19 that it would offer residency permits (the equivalent of a US green card) to foreigners who buy houses priced at more than 160,000 euros ($200,000) as part of its efforts to revive a collapsed real estate market and divest itself of hundreds of thousands of unsold homes. Meanwhile, Muslims are now demanding that the Spanish government grant automatic citizenship to millions of descendants of Muslims who were expelled from Spain in the seventeenth century. Much of the Iberian Peninsula was occupied by Muslim conquerors known as the Moors from 711 until 1492, when the Moorish Kingdom of Granada surrendered to Ferdinand and Isabella. But the final Muslim expulsion from Granada, known in Arabic as Al-Andalus, did not take place until over a century later, beginning in 1609, when King Philip III decreed the Expulsion of the Moriscos. The Moriscos were the descendants of the Muslim population that converted to Roman Catholicism under threat of exile from Ferdinand and Isabella in 1502. From 1609 through 1614, the Spanish government systematically forced an estimated 350,000 Moriscos to leave Spain for Muslim North Africa. Today there are an estimated 5 million descendants of the Moriscos living in Morocco alone; there are millions more living in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Tunisia and Turkey. In a December 3 essay published by the Morocco-based newspaper Correo Diplomático, the Moroccan journalist Ahmed Bensalh Es-salhi wrote that the "decision to grant Spanish citizenship to the grandchildren of the Hebrews in Spain in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, while ignoring the Moriscos, the grandsons of the Muslims, is without doubt, flagrant segregation and unquestionable discrimination, as both communities suffered equally in Spain at that time. The decision could also be considered by the international community to be an historic act of absolute immorality and injustice…This decision is absolutely disgraceful and dishonorable." Bensalh then went on to threaten Spain: "Is Spain aware of what might be assumed when it makes peace with some and not with others? Is Spain aware of what this decision could cost? Has Spain considered that it could jeopardize the massive investments that Muslims have made on its territory? Does Spain have alternatives to the foreign investment from Muslims if they ever decide to move that capital to other destinations due to the discrimination against Muslims?" Bensalh's article is the latest salvo in an escalating battle being waged by Muslim historians and academics who are demanding that Spain treat Moriscos the same way it treats Sephardic Jews. Jamal Bin Ammar al-Ahmar, an "Andalus-Algerian" university professor at the Ferhat Abbas University in Sétif in northeastern Algeria, has been engaged in a four-year campaign to persuade Spanish King Juan Carlos to identify and condemn those who expelled the Muslims from Al-Andalus in the fifteenth century. Al-Ahmar is also demanding that millions of Moriscos expelled from Spain be allowed to return there. In a letter addressed to Juan Carlos, Al-Ahmar calls for a "full legal and historical investigation of the war crimes that were perpetrated on the Muslim population of Andalusia by the French, English, European and papal crusaders, whose victims were our poor miserable people, after the collapse of Islamic rule in Andalusia." The letter speaks of "the injustice inflicted on the Muslim population of Andalusia who are still suffering in the diaspora in exile since 1492." Al-Ahmar wants the Spanish monarch to apologize "on behalf of his ancestors" and to assume "responsibility for the consequences" that this would entail. He says it is necessary "to identify criminals, to convict retroactively, while at the same time to identify and compensate victims for their calamities and restore their titles." This process would culminate with "a decree that allows immigrants to return to their homes in Andalusia, and grant them full citizenship rights and restoration of all their properties."
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Discussing the Divine Comedy with Dante |
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Famous People Painting - Discussing
the Divine Comedy with Dante |
| What a fun way to absorb world history.
When you click on a figure, you can read a history of that historic
figure. Sent by Yomar Villarreal Cleary ycleary@charter.net |
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| Es una noticia QUE NO SÓLO VALE LA PENA REENVIAR , SINO
QUE ¡¡¡ES UN DEBER ÉTICO HACERLO...!!! Reúne mapas, textos, fotos, grabaciones y películas de todos los tiempos y explica en siete idiomas las joyas y reliquias culturales de todas las bibliotecas del planeta. Tiene, sobre todo, carácter patrimonial, anticipó Abdelaziz Abid, coordinador del proyecto impulsado por la Unesco y otras 32 instituciones. La BDM no ofrecerá documentos corrientes , sino "con valor de patrimonio, que permitirán apreciar y conocer mejor las culturas del mundo en idiomas diferentes: árabe, chino, inglés, francés, ruso, español y portugués. Pero hay documentos en línea en más de 50 idiomas". "Entre los documentos más antiguos hay algunos códices precolombinos, gracias a la contribución de México, y los primeros mapas de América, dibujados por Diego Gutiérrez para el rey de España en 1562", explicaba Abid. Los tesoros incluyen el Hyakumanto Darani, un documento en japonés publicado en el año 764 yconsiderado el primer texto impreso de la historia; trabajos de científicos árabes que desvelan el misterio del álgebra; huesos utilizados como oráculos y estelas chinas; la Biblia de Gutenberg; antiguas fotos latinoamericanas de la Biblioteca Nacional de Brasil. Es fácil de navegar. Cada joya de la cultura universal aparece acompañada de una breve explicación de su contenido y su significado. Los documentos fueron escaneados e incorporados en su idioma original, pero las explicaciones aparecen en siete lenguas, entre ellas, EL ESPAÑOL. La biblioteca comienza con unos 1.200 documentos, pero ha sido pensada para recibir un número ilimitado de textos, grabados, mapas, fotografías e ilustraciones. ¿Cómo se accede al sitio global? Fue presentado oficialmente a principios de diciembre en la sede de la Unesco , en París, la Biblioteca Digital Mundial ya está disponible en Internet, a través del sitiohttp://www.wdl.org/. El acceso es gratuito y los usuarios pueden ingresar directamente por la Web , sin necesidad de registrarse. Permite al internauta orientar su búsqueda por épocas, zonas geográficas, tipo de documento e institución. El sistema propone las explicaciones en siete idiomas (árabe, chino, inglés, francés, ruso, español y portugués). Los documentos, por su parte, han sido escaneados en su lengua original. Con un simple clic, se pueden pasar las páginas de un libro, acercar o alejar los textos y moverlos en todos los sentidos. La excelente definición de las imágenes permite una lectura cómoda y minuciosa. Entre las joyas que contiene por el momento la BDM está la Declaración de Independencia de Estados Unidos, así como las Constituciones de numerosos países; un texto japonés del siglo XVI considerado la primera impresión de la historia; el diario de un estudioso veneciano que acompañó a Hernando de Magallanes en su viaje alrededor del mundo; el original de las "Fabulas" de Lafontaine, el primer libro publicado en Filipinas en español y tagalog, la Biblia de Gutemberg, y unas pinturas rupestres africanas que datan de 8000 A .C Dos regiones del mundo están particularmente bien representadas: América Latina y Medio Oriente. Eso se debe a la activa participación de la Biblioteca Nacional de Brasil, la biblioteca Alejandrina de Egipto y la Universidad Rey Abdulá de Arabia Saudita. La estructura de la BDM fue calcada del proyecto de digitalización de la Biblioteca del Congreso de Estados Unidos, que comenzó en 1991 y actualmente contiene 11 millones de documentos en línea. Sus responsables afirman que la BDM está sobre todo destinada a investigadores, maestros y alumnos. Pero la importancia que reviste ese sitio va mucho más allá de la incitación al estudio a las nuevas generaciones que viven en un mundo audiovisual. Este proyecto tampoco es un simple compendio de historia en línea:es la posibilidad de acceder, íntimamente y sin límite de tiempo, al ejemplar invalorable, inabordable, único, que cada cual alguna vez soñó conocer. strelkas9@speedy.com.ar www.wdl.org |
2012 a dark year for religious freedom
Gary
Bauer |
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For many Christians in America, 2012 will be remembered as a year of intensifying attacks on the right to practice their faith according to their consciences. While this unprecedented attack against Christian’s Constitutional rights caught the eye of many concerned people of faith in 2012, little noticed was how Christians across the globe are experiencing unprecedented levels of oppression. Events during the Christmas season highlight just how pervasive the persecution is. On Christmas Eve, 12 Christians were killed in two attacks by the Nigerian Islamic Jihadist group Boko Haram, which seeks to establish Sharia law in Nigeria. Five of the victims were gunned down while at a Christmas service at their church, which was then set ablaze. In his Christmas message, Pope Benedict XVI lamented the “savage acts of terrorism” that have become common against Christian churches in Nigeria. On Christmas Day, an Iran Christian pastor named Youcef Nadarkhani was taken into custody by Iranian police. Nadarkhani had been imprisoned for apostasy, the “crime” of converting from Islam to Christianity. Facing a death sentence, Nadarkhani received international acclaim and support for refusing to renounce his Christian faith. A court acquitted him of apostasy in September but it upheld a three-year sentence for evangelizing to Muslims. Nadarkhani had already served nearly three years before his Christmas Day imprisonment. Nadarkhani’s case is similar to that of Saeed Abedini, a 32-year-old Iranian-born American citizen who was arrested in September while visiting his family in Iran. After converting from Islam to Christianity, Abedini helped lead underground churches in Iran and began humanitarian efforts to establish an orphanage for Iranian children. Abedini is being held without charge in Iran’s notoriously brutal Evin Prison. Christmas also brought more proof that the so-called Arab Spring is turning into a Christian Winter for the region’s beleaguered Christian population. The day after Christmas, Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi signed a new Egyptian constitution into law. Approved by referendum, the new Sharia-based constitution was written by Morsi’s Muslim Brotherhood and its Salafist allies, and Christians and other religious minorities fear it will leave them with little legal protection. Also last week, a United Nations panel stated that the Syrian civil war is increasingly divided on ethnic and religious lines. “As battles between government forces and anti-government armed groups approach the end of their second year, the conflict has become overtly sectarian in nature,” the panel stated. Most Syrians are Sunni Muslims, but an estimated 10 percent are Christians, and they have been the primary targets of Radical Islamist groups since the country’s civil war started. Finally, in early December, ChinaAid, an organization that documents persecution of Chinese Christians, revealed that in 2011, the number of Christians detained for their religious beliefs grew 132 percent from 2010. Preliminary reports suggest persecution of Christians by the Chinese government may have grown even more in 2012. The escalating oppression of Christians worldwide is the subject of an enlightening new book titled Christianophobia: A Faith Under Attack, by Rupert Shortt. Shortt, religion editor of The Times Literary Supplement, argues that while all religions face discrimination and persecution in some form, Christians have been facing unprecedented attacks, especially in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Shortt quotes estimates that between half and two-thirds of Christians in the Middle East have fled or been killed over the last 100 years. He also estimates that some 200 million Christians worldwide are “socially disadvantaged, harassed or actively oppressed for their beliefs.” Shortt’s analysis concurs with conclusions made by the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom. In its 2012 report, the USCIRF stated: Over the past year, while economic woes captured world headlines, an ongoing crisis of equal breadth and scope frequently went unnoticed. Across the global landscape, the pivotal human right of religious freedom was under escalating attack. To an alarming extent, freedom of thought, conscience, and religion or belief was being curtailed, often threatening the safety and survival of innocent persons, including members of religious minorities. The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life has come to a similar conclusion. In a September 2012 report called “Rising Tide of Restrictions on Religion,” Pew estimated that “75 percent of the world’s population lives in countries where governments, social groups or individuals restrict people’s ability to freely practice their faith.” According to Pew, from mid-2007 to mid-2010, the number of countries with very high government restrictions on religion grew from 10 to 18, as 10 countries (most of them with Muslim governments) were added to the “very high” category and only two were removed. According to Pew’s estimates, the number of countries with low levels of government restrictions on religious practice dropped from 117 (59 percent of all countries) to 94 (48 percent of all countries). We’ve been told that “Islamophobia” is a real and increasing phenomenon throughout the world. But hatred of, and discrimination against, Christians and other religious minorities is a much more pervasive problem. And it’s a problem that will not improve until the world begins to acknowledge where the real threat to religious freedom comes from.
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02/07/2013 10:16 AM
2) A Wedding in Haiti by Julia Alvarez.
6) We the Animals by Justin Torres.
8) Killing the American Dream: How
Anti-Immigration Extremists are Destroying the Nation by Pilar Marerro.
The
Preservation Advocacy Fund was established in 1996 in the wake of one
our most controversial, costly, and ultimately successful preservation
battles: halting the demolition of the 1876 former Cathedral of St.
Vibiana and preserving its landmark status.
Former Cathedral of 
Lucrecia Camacho comes from Oaxaca, and speaks Mixteco, one of the indigenous languages and
cultures of Mexico that were hundreds of years
old before the arrival of the Spaniards. Today
she lives in Oxnard, California. Because of her
age and bad health, she no longer works as a farm
worker, but she spent her life in Oxnard's
strawberry fields, and before that, in the cotton
fields of northern Mexico. She told her story to
David Bacon.
During
the infamous noche triste of September 24, 1915, an anticlerical
mob inflamed by revolutionary zeal burst into Mérida cathedral and set
about destroying its priceless contents.
Les informamos que estamos reajustando los grupos que hemos creado
en Google Groups y los cuales algunas veces se han visto rebasados por
los grupos en Facebook.
MANILA,
Philippines – Miss Philippines Janine Tugonon won the first runner-up
in the Miss Universe beauty pageant held in Las Vegas, Nevada Thursday.
Miss U.S.A. won the crown after making it into the final five with
Venezuela, Australia, Philippines and Brazil.
Now
after having two very young and good looking sons, the internet is also
a help for me in taking care of them, especially when they are back from
school and when the Mutya is still at work. My sons find the computer
and the internet the best medium to keep themselves occupied and
consequently keep them out of mischief. 
