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| Thank you for all your wonderful information. Recently, I hear about Luis Walter Alvarez
awarded a Nobel Prize, for his discoveries. He and his son Walter Alvarez published the theory of the mass extinction of the dinosaurs long before it has become common knowledge. Both are/were California natives and professors at UC Berekley. Do you have any information about them? Again, thank you for your wonderful work. All my best and have a wonderful new year. B. Saavedra bertbluzz@verizon.net With thanks for the lead & google, I was able to find information on father and son, included below. |
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| "We the people are the rightful masters of both Congress and the Courts, not to overthrow the Constitution but to overthrow the men who would pervert the Constitution." ~ Abraham Lincoln | |
| "Memory is a moral obligation, all the time." ~ J. Derrida | |
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“Courage is not simply one of the virtues, but
the form of every virtue at the testing point.” ~ C.S.
Lewis
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Fate of civil rights leader’s clinic at risk by Natalia Contreras Educator Jaime Escalante Being Honored in US Postage Stamp Richard Montañez , first Latino on the Board of the Southern California Leadership Conference ISLA: The Empowering Speaker's Bureau From Stilettos to the Stock Exchange by Tina Aldatz 33 Below: The Story of the Chilean Miners Four New 2016 American Latino Television Series My good friend, William F. Buckley Jr. by Gilberto Quezada Examples of City Governments' Action Against Christian's Civil Rights Here Are the Police Officers the Media Should Have Talked About in 2015 The United West US Congressman Ruben Hinojosa to retire in 2016 LULAC Applauds Confirmation of Luis Felipe Restrepo to U.S. Court of Appeals for Third Circuit Luis W. Alvarez, Ph.D.: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 Son Walter L. Alvarez, Ph.D. Geologist, theory on extinction of the dinosaurs La herencia española en las banderas y los escudos de los Estados Unidos Por Guillermo Carvajal |
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Fate of civil rights leader’s clinic at risk By Natalia Contreras, Caller Times, Jan 21, 2015  Photo: Michael Zamora, Caller-Times File The faded sign on the Central Pharmacy is still visible Aug. 13, 2014 on the building once owned by Dr. Hector P. Garcia. The National Archives and Historical Foundation plans to gift the clinic and an adjoining lot to the American GI Forum of Texas, which may sell the properties.Dreams of restoring the site where Dr. Hector P. Garcia's civil rights work once thrived are unlikely to ever become a reality. His clinic on Bright Street — the one time hub of the American GI Forum founder — has long been in disrepair and likely will be sold off. Years long attempts to revamp the clinic, built in 1966, have failed prompting the organization that owns it to make plans to give it to the American GI Forum of Texas. Forum officials told the Caller-Times it would likely be sold because it is among several of the group's unused buildings across the state. Officials with the Corpus Christi-based National Archives & Historical Foundation, which has owned it since 2002, had long hoped to raise the funding needed to preserve it. In 2014, one of Garcia's daughters, Wanda Garcia, announced with other foundation supporters plans to raise $100,000 to restore it and work toward a Veterans' and Family Outreach Center. But this week the foundation president Amador Garcia, the late leader's cousin, wrote to board members saying the funds couldn't be raised and that the GI Forum was interested in taking the property, possibly selling it and paying to have the foundation's nonprofit status reestablished. One of the reasons he cites for the failed attempts is an injunction secured by Cecilia Garcia Akers, the late leader's other daughter, that prevents the GI Forum from using his name and likeness to raise funds without permission. [Mimi: hyphenated inserted information obtained through phone conversations with Wanda Garcia. The National Trust for Historic Preservation should be involved in saving the building.] |
Amador Garcia said Thursday he has drafted the paperwork for the transfer and intends to sign it. "I have not signed it yet. But it's coming," he said. "The problem is exacerbated because once the building is rehabbed, there has to be monies in place to continue to maintain it."
Wanda Garcia, [eldest daughter of Dr. Garcia] told the Caller-Times she wasn't included in the decision and doesn't think the transfer would be legal because of the foundation's lapsed nonprofit status. She said she learned of the plan via email from Amador Garcia.
"I was not made aware of any meetings. This is not what my father would have wanted," Wanda Garcia said. "They can't give away the building." [An investigation is underway concerning liens against the property made by the Corpus Christi-based National Archives & Historical Foundation, to determine if the monies had been used to maintain the property.] G.I. Forum of Texas executive director Gil Rodriguez said the forum is discussing plans to sell the property along with other unoccupied properties the organization owns state-wide. |
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The late educator Jaime Escalante, whose work with inner-city students was the subject of a 1988 film, is being honored with a postage stamp this year.
Escalante, who died in 2010, was portrayed in the film "Stand and Deliver" by actor Edward James
Olmos. According to Roy Betts, a spokesman for USPS, the committee vets tens of thousands of suggestions every year. He said Escalante's legacy in Los Angeles makes him an ideal candidate. "He is, without question, a very deserving subject," Betts said. "The legendary educator is well-known for academic excellence and working with inner-city youth to help them master calculus." The stamp selection process goes through the Citizen Stamp Advisory Committee of 14 men and women appointed by the Postmaster General. |
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The committee chose to honor nine people this year including singer Sarah Vaughan, activist Richard Allen and actress Shirley Temple. The USPS will also sell stamps honoring Eid al-Fitr, which marks the breaking of the fast of Ramadan, and the Year of the Monkey, which the Chinese Zodiac designates as this year. One stamp even celebrates the 250th anniversary of the repeal of the 1766 Stamp Act, the tax measure that raised money for the standing British Army in America. The Citizen Stamp Advisory Committee suggests who or what should be honored with a stamp to Postmaster General Megan Brennan. Betts said the Committee considers people from a number of disciplines and fields. "This is one of the highest honors you can receive," Betts said. After emigrating from Bolivia, Escalante began teaching math at Garfield High School in East Los Angeles. He focused his teaching on students from working-class families. He pushed his students with rigorous homework assignments and strict attendance policies. Because of his passionate and flamboyant teaching style, more and more of his students began taking - and passing - the Advanced Placement calculus exam. In 1982, however, his students became the subject of an Educational Testing Service investigation. All 18 of his students that year achieved the highest score of five on the AP calculus exam, but 14 were accused of cheating on the exam. Despite accusations of racism against Escalante's Latino students, ETS asserted the investigation was not racially biased. Of the 14 students under investigation, 12 retook and passed the exam. From 1978 to 1991 he worked to build a model Advanced Placement math department at the school - one which educators throughout the country would observe to improve their math courses. He left the school in 1991 and began teaching in Bolivia. He died in 2010 of cancer. Follow NBC News NEWS LATINO, JAN 4 2016 Sent by Mercy Bautista Olvera scarlett_mbo@yahoo.com |
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| The Empowering Speakers Bureau is being created to offer corporations, conferences, colleges, libraries, and schools a source for quality speakers all from a Latino perspective. Our speakers include some of the biggest names in the entertainment, national leadership, and Award Winning Author fields. Our speakers also include the rising stars of that next generation of speakers that you will want to consider. They entertain, connect with their audience and are passionate about their topics. Having the right speakers sets the perfect tone for your entire event. They help ensure attendance goals will be met. They fulfill goals to bring certain messages to your attendees. They provide experiences that people will talk about for years to come. Our speakers include Dolores Huerta (co-founder of the UFW); Victor Villaseñor (Rain of Gold); Josefina López (Real Women Have Curves); Ambassador Julian Nava (the first Latino to serve as the U.S. |
Ambassador to Mexico); Luis Rodriguez (Always Running); and dozens of other authors you will want to know about for your upcoming conferences; corporate events; and college, school and library activities. The Empowering Speakers Bureau brings to your fingertips GREAT inspirational national and international speakers who are experts on business, cultural insights, education, entertainment, inspirational, lifestyle, and political topics; all from a Latino or Latina Perspective. If you are ready to leave a mark and inspire your attendees, we encourage you to contact program manager, Marie Elena Cortés at Marie.elena.cortes@gmail.com or call 832-388-8218. We look forward to working with you! Source: Kirk Whisler, Executive Editor, Latino Print Network's Hispanic Marketing 101 kirk@whisler.com 760-579-1696 |
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Dolores Huerta |
Victor Villaseñor |
Josefina López |
Ambassador Julian Nava |
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Upcoming
Workshop Dates with Playwrights: |
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Born near the American border with Mexico and raised in the tiny Santa Cruz County town of Freedom, González inherited his knack for storytelling from his maternal grandparents, both farm-workers with a flair for performance. He spent much of his childhood laboring alongside them, his widowed mother, and his three brothers. "Those were long days, so my grandfather might bust out a song with whistling, and my grandmother would tell some sort of story or joke," González recalled. "Those things really helped pass the time, and they were really wonderful in terms of painting this other picture of the world." José Cruz González’s most recent work American Mariachi (commissioned by the Denver Center for the Performing Arts) is part of The 2016 Colorado New Play Summit this February. The Summit provides particip  ating playwrights two full weeks to workshop their groundbreaking new plays with directors, actors, and
dramaturgs.Other works include The San Patricios, The Long Road Today, The Sun Serpent, Invierno, Sunsets and Margaritas, The Heart’s Desire, Tomás and the Library Lady, Lily Plants A Garden, September Shoes. The University of Texas Press published a collection of his plays, “Nine Plays by José Cruz González Magical Realism & Mature Themes in Theatre for Young Audiences” in 2009. González teaches theatre at California State University at Los Angeles. He is a member of The Dramatists Guild of America and TYA/USA. He is a playwright-in-residence at South Coast Repertory and commissioned and an associate artist at Cornerstone Theatre Company, both in California, and a playwright-in-residence with Childsplay in Arizona! *'The San Patricios: Jose Cruz González Unearths America's Past' Sarah Linn, KCET |
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Pictures
from the José Casas
Workshop 
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Breath of Fire (CA) was selected as part of Arts Orange County new initiative “Building Arts Access Through Technical Assistance.” Arts Orange County is the recipient of a major grant from The Boeing Company to assist eight small and mid-sized Orange county arts organizations through ten months of customized consulting series. For more information, contact, Sara Guerrero breathoffirelatinatheater@gmail.com |
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At 7 years old, Tina Aldatz had no idea of the impact and weight of her
mother's words said at the time to an impressionable Tina to counter the
snide remarks of classmates who teased her for dressing like the people
on TV. The affirmation stuck, further validating Tina's childhood dreams
of an improved life for her and her family, while building an
unshakeable confidence that would later lead the young fashionista to
creating the multimillion-dollar designer shoe accessories company, Foot
Petals Inc. |
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| "You are smart. You are pretty. You can do what others do, but better." Phylis (Aldatz) Tuthill. | ||
From Stilettos to the Stock Exchange offers a detailed look into the life of one of the most creative and successful serial entrepreneurs in the game. Complete with Tina's Six Essentials of Business and a play-by-play account of the creation of Foot Petals Inc., From Stilettos to the Stock Exchange proves that with faith, hard work, and confidence The American Dream is within reach for any person with the desire and will to make it her reality. Editor Mimi: I sat down with the book and read it straight through, impressed with Tina strength of character, natural common-sense smarts, creativity, and artistic style. What an amazing woman, especially when you weigh in her fractured family, the drug and alcohol abuses of her parents. An emancipated minor at 16, Tina she did it, with kindness and vision she applied her talents and succeeded remarkably. In just over 10 years, a business that Tina started with a loan of $10.000 was sold for $14 million. . . and it was not a .com, it was a market item. Her last paragraph explains her
success in life. I
have entered yet another new season, a new chapter in my life and I'm ready
to take on a new challenge as it comes. I am a woman on a
mission . . . a serial entrepreneur with a business to run and several
more waiting to be born." |
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Like millions of others across the globe, Antonio Banderas was riveted to the coverage of the Chilean mine disaster of 2010, when 33 miners were entombed more than 2,000 feet below South America’s Atacama Desert following the collapse of the San José gold and copper mine. Rescue seemed impossible and the miners’ slow death a near-certainty. “When I saw the real event on television it produced something in me,” he says. “Everybody was attached to the television wishing for these guys to survive. It was like a song going on all around the world, a song of life.” Little did the Spanish actor know that a few years later he’d be deep in the Nemocón salt mines in Colombia recounting the gripping real-life tale for a movie called The 33. Directed by Mexican-born Patricia
Riggen, the film (which opened this week in the U.S.) sent Banderas, nine other main actors and 23 full-time extras deep underground to sets resembling the actual San José tunnels. It wasn’t easy for the cast and crew during their month-long subterranean shoot. |
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Bordertown is an American adult animated sitcom created by Family Guy writer Mark Hentemann and executive-produced by Family Guy creator Seth MacFarlane that follows two families living in a Southwest desert town on the United States-Mexico border. Consulting Producer is La Cucaracha creator Lalo Alcaraz. It premiered January 3, 2016 on Fox. | |
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Telenovela is an American television series that premiered as a preview on December 7, 2015 on NBC as a mid-season replacement. It will then premiere in its regular Monday at 8:30 PM timeslot on January 4, 2016. Starring Eva Longoria and Jencarlos Canela, the comedy is about the daily life of a telenovela star who does not speak Spanish, despite being the center of attention from her co-stars and the crew around her. |
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_Title.png) The series was created by Justin Spitzer, who also serves as an executive producer. |
Superstore is an American television sitcom that debuted on NBC on November 30, 2015 as a preview, part of the 2015-16 television season. The series then premiered in its regular Monday at 8:00 pm time slot on January 4, 2016. The series follows employees working at a fictional big-box store called "Cloud 9". The lead is America Ferrera as Amy, a 10-year veteran Cloud 9 associate who is now a floor supervisor. Amy immediately clashes with new associate Jonah because he re-prices expensive electronics and knocks over displays. In a subtle touch, each week she wears a nametag with a different name on it, but never her own. |
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Shades of Blue is an upcoming American police procedural, legal, crime drama television series set in New York City that is expected to air on NBC, where it will debut as a mid-season entry in the 2015-16 television season. It was created by Adi Hasak. The series stars Jennifer Lopez as the main character Harlee Santos, a single-mother NYPD Detective, who is forced to work in the FBI's anti-corruption task force, while dealing with her own financial problems. The show premiered on January 7th. Here's a preview: |
http://www.nbc.com/shades-of-blue/video/even-good-cops-do-bad-things/2954735
Sent
by Kirk Whisler kirk@whisler.com
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This coming February 27, 2016 will be an unforgettable and sad day for me because eight years ago Jo Emma and I had returned home from visiting my cardiologist for my six month checkup when my close friends started calling. They wanted to know if I had heard the news that morning. I explained that I had gone to a doctor’s appointment and did not know what had happened. They lamentably told me that my good friend William F. Buckley Jr. had passed away that morning and that it was all over the news. He was eighty-three years old. When his beloved wife, Patricia, died a year earlier, I immediately mailed him a letter of condolences, and Mr. Buckley replied, “What a kind note, and how much I appreciate it.” I can only imagine the enormity of his loss, and I felt sorry for him. We continued our epistolary friendship and three months later, he wrote to me saying, “That is such a thoughtful and generous letter you wrote, and I thank you for it. I have been ill but am gradually improving, and I should resume my column in a few weeks.” But on this particular day, a feeling of melancholy overshadowed my countenance and dampened my spirits. I first heard his name mentioned when I was a sophomore at St. Augustine High School in 1964 during the Barry Goldwater vs. President Lyndon B. Johnson election campaigns. And when I attended St. Mary's University in the fall semester of 1967, his face, in caricature form, appeared on the cover of TIME magazine on November 3, 1967. I liked his conservative, Christian views on all aspects of public policy. A year later, when I was a member of the Student Senate at St. Mary's University, I recommended that he be invited to the university and speak before the students and faculty. We met after his presentation and that was the beginning of our epistolary friendship. He came back to St. Mary's University in 1980 and we had a warm and enjoyable reunion with other alumni and faculty members over dinner. Over the years, our epistolary friendship continued and I received his last missive a few weeks before he died. His response took longer because he was sick, “I was horrified to discover on my desk a folder of letters that must have got sidetracked when I was so sick with pneumonia last month. Please accept my apologies for the delay. And accept my heartfelt thanks for your thoughts and prayers. You do indeed cheer me up.” He also published some of my letters in his journal, and I would like to share two letters with you. The first one was published on April 11, 2005: "Dear Mr. Buckley: I have thorougly enjoyed reading your latest book, Miles Gone By, which I found to be very informative, interesting, and entertaining, with your usual impeccable writing skills and gift of concinnity, combing intellectual cogency, humor, and wit, a charming characteristic that attracted my attention, over the years, causing me to buy and read all your books. There is, however, one word (encephalophonic) that you use in Miles on page 74 ("...from the encephalophonic Mr. Rodell...") that I would like for you, if you will be kind enough, to define for me. You have also used this same word in some of your other books. I have consulted to no avail, the following sources: the American Heritage Dictionary (fourth edition), Webster's New World College Dictionary (fourth edition), and the New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (1993)." His reply: "Dear Mr. Quezada: I'm afraid I have to let you down. I can't find the word in any dictionary. It was first used derisively about me in a book review which bemoaned that I had at my disposal simultaneously books, a magazine, a newspaper column, and a television program. Thus I was "encephalophonically" besieging the literate world. As you point out, I use the word myself, to suggest a surrounding besiegement of the brain." As a follow up to our epistolary conversation, the following letter was published on May 9, 2005: "Dear Mr. Buckley: Even though the word "encephalophonic" is not defined in any dictionary, as you and I can attest (NR, April 11), the explanation you provided of its usage, to describe, according to a book review, your besiegement of the literate world, is an acceptable exegesis, I think, and does make literary sense to me. In defense of the use of new words in general, "encephalophonic" in particular, being an unusual word, describes exactly the circumstances where a person in a given situation does appear to beleaguer the literate world. And therefore, "encephalophonic" is the right word, and I encourage you to continue using it, as it captures the essence, in one sesquipedalian word, of what would take several words to describe." His reply: "Dear Mr. Quezada: What I need is encephalophonic approval of continuing to use it!...And thanks for your letter to the American Heritage Dictionary. Who knows? I always enjoy hearing from you.” He was a giant of an educated man, a public intellectual and the founder of the American Conservative Movement in the United States. He lived his life to the fullest, inspiring others, including myself. History will not soon forget how he changed our lives and our country with the power of an insightful pen, his wit, his personality, his erudition, his zest for life, and most of all, he was known for his polysyllabic and extensive vocabulary. He was a devout and devoted Roman Catholic, who attended Mass daily and made three pilgrimages to the grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes. His national bestseller, Nearer, My God: An Autobiography of Faith, is a testament of his faith, told with unrivaled reflection and candor. This is just one of fifty-plus books, both fiction and nonfiction, including his latest novel, The Rake, which he has published. His Blackford Oakes spy series are among the best literary masterpieces you can find in American literature. Blackford Oakes was his protagonist. And, I have most of them in my library and have read them all, beginning with his first book, God and Man at Yale . He died unexpectedly from a massive heart attack in his office while working on two book-length manuscripts, which were published posthumously: The Reagan I Knew and Flying High: Remembering Barry Goldwater. Besides writing books, he gave hundreds of lectures every year at different universities throughout the United States. In 1955, he started publishing the consequential journal of conservative thought and opinion, National Review. The success of the journal has moved the center of American politics noticeably to the right. He hosted a PBS weekly television show entitled, "Firing Line," which was the longest running television show on PBS, it ran for 34 years. As a syndicated columnists, he wrote over 4,000 newspaper columns, three times a week, for 35 years. He was a passable harpsichord recitalist, and he performed in nine concerts with symphony orchestras. His quotation that I love the most is: "I mean to live my life an obedient man, but obedient to God, subservient to the wisdom of my ancestors, never to the authority of political truths arrived at yesterday at the voting booth." By today's educational standards, when he was growing up in Sharon, Connecticut, he would have been labeled a LEP (Limited English Proficient) student because at an early age (he was six years old), he only spoke fluent Spanish long before he learned the English language. His paternal roots are in South Texas. His grandfather, John Buckley, migrated from Ontario, Canada, and settled with his family in San Diego, Texas. He then ran for sheriff and won. John was the sheriff for many years. William F. Buckley's father graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a B.S. degree and a year later, he earned his law degree. They were not wealthy by any means. While at the university, he stayed in B Hall (short for Brackenridge, as in George W. Brackenridge, a philanthropist from San Antonio), a dorm for indigent students. After graduation, he went to Mexico and it was in the oil explorations in Mexico and South America where he made his millions. I let Mr. Buckley know this information, and he replied, “You’re so kind to write, and especially so given the awful delays for which I am responsible. And how fine to have that little memory note on where my father stayed when he was at the University of Texas. I warn you that I’m publishing the first paragraph of your letter in Notes & Asides.” It was always a reassuring pleasure to watch William F. Buckley Jr. on Firing Line, his weekly television show on PBS that aired on KLRN-TV, the Educational Channel on Sundays from four to five in the afternoon. The manner in which he sat appeared tilted because he could not sit up straight due to a congenital problem. In his debating career of half a century, he was the picador whose polemical lance broke the tough hide of American liberals. Wounding them was certainly his aim, with his sharp, witty, combative, crisp, unafraid, word-intoxicated, and cultivated personality. Many guests were afraid to debate him mano a mano because they knew they were going into the meat grinder, and some even declined to appear on his show, like Robert Kennedy. His TV program was the longest-running in the history of television where he debated, cajoled, and interrogated some of the most influential and fascinating figures of the twentieth century. During the Barry Goldwater presidential campaign, there was a philosophical fight of enormous proportions from several right-wing groups; namely, the John Birch Society, founded and led by Robert Welch; Ayn Rand (who wrote the national bestseller, Atlas Shrugged, which I have read twice for a purely literary experience) and her philosophical position on Objectivism; and William F. Buckley Jr. and his brand of conservatism, to form one cohesive and fundamental conservative movement. And poor Goldwater, at one point, he was torn between these three groups as to which one he would adopt to represent his principles of conservatism in his political platform. Needless to say, he chose Buckley and totally disassociated himself from the the former two groups. And a year later, in 1965, William F. Buckley Jr. ran for mayor of New York City under the nascent Conservative ticket and entrenched his views into the political landscape, but these ideas were not fully realized until Ronald Reagan became President. As I mentioned, I have read Atlas Shrugged twice, the last time was to commemorate the novel's 50th anniversary. When Buckley's journal, National Review, published a scalding review of Atlas Shrugged by Whittaker Chambers on December 28, 1957, entitled, "Big Sister Is Watching You," Ayn Rand was furious and swore never to be in the same room with Mr. Buckley, and she kept her promise until her death in 1982, at the age of 77 years. Bill Buckley introduced me to two important things in my life: The libationary post and preprandial taste of wines and the pleasurable enjoyment of Johann Sebastian Bach's music, in particular, the Fifth Brandenburg Concerto and the Goldberg Variations. He taught me that the best wines are not always the most expensive wines. From time to time, I indulge in a glass of red wine and I propose a toast in his honor. At the end of his life, William F. Buckley Jr. was weary and justifiably so. He worked hard to the end. Bill was no saint, but he was a man of great loves. Love of his family, friends, the conservative movement in defense of freedom and the country he would have died for. He was a man of deep principles who recognized that civility in our political life is a virtue, one infrequently seen or heard today. But in all my years of knowing him, he loved God and the Church the most. Like St. Paul he could say, "I have run the race, I have fought the good fight. I have kept the faith." And he died still working on his books. Death may have been the only way of persuading him to slow down. History will not soon forget how he changed our lives and our country with the power of an insightful pen, his wit, his personality, his erudition, his zest for life, and most of all, his polysyllabic words and extensive vocabulary. Let us hope there is a dictionary in Heaven. Death may have been the only way of persuading him to slow down. When he passed away, I received a very nice thank you note from Christopher Buckley, he was their only son, and from Priscilla L. Buckley, she was his oldest sister. Out of ten children, there are now two left. I still miss his letters. He has left a big hole in our lives, a legacy of thoughts and words in print. And what a blessing Mr. Buckley's friendship was to me and I will always be grateful to God for intertwining our lives. Requiescat in pace. I hope you have enjoyed my personal views on this great man of inspiring and lofty ideals. Take care and God bless. Gilberto P.S. Shortly after his death, five biographies on Mr. Buckley were published. The one written by his brother Reid, An American Family: The Buckley’s and the one written by his son Christopher, Losing Mum and Pup: A Memoir, I found insightful and engaging. |
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| Texas City Orders Cops to Stop Bible
Study No more Bible study! Beaumont, Texas’ men and women in blue have been told they can no longer hold a voluntary Bible study during lunch at the police station. After meeting like this for years, with no complaints, the City of Beaumont has demanded that the officers stop. A pre-suit letter, which is required by the Texas Religious Freedom Restoration Act, is being sent to the city stating that the officers’ religious rights have been infringed upon. Sargent Burt Moore, who helped found the Faith and Fellowship Bible study, pointed out that the City Council prays before its meetings and the police station will start an event with prayer as well. He also said that there is a chaplain program which still meets at the station. The study he says has a diverse group of faiths and ethnicities coming together for the study and believes the City is “unfairly targeting us.” The City of Beaumont, Texas is violating the religious rights of their police officers. The City shut down a voluntary Bible study which met at lunch, at the police station. Sargent Burt Moore said that no one had complained, there was no provocation that created the demand from the City. The attorney for the four Beaumont police officers said, “My Clients’ sincere religious beliefs and convictions have been violated by the City of Beaumont’s demand to stop holding a voluntary Bible study during their lunch hour at the police station. The last place we hope would impose on the religious rights of its own citizenry is now oppressing the same police officers who place their lives on the line every day to serve and protect us. We intend to show the City this is one thin blue line they cannot cross.” The City’s hypocrisy is real, if they allow prayer before meetings, but will shut down a Bible study.
Source: Breitbart
Sent by Odell Harwell odell.harwell74@att.net |
New Mexico Town Refuses To Remove Nativity Scene, Stages Christmas Celebration (Video) Nativity Scene Belen, New Mexico. By Michael Allen, Mon, December 14, 2015 A Nativity scene sculpture that sits in a public park will not be removed by officials in Belen, New Mexico. In response to a letter from the Freedom From Religion Foundation calling for its removal, city officials and local clergy put on a Christian celebration on Dec. 5 in the City Hall parking lot (video below). The celebration included local Christians dressing up as Jewish people as if they were in Bethlehem, which they say is the English translation of Belen. KOB reported that organizers asserted that all religions were represented at the "Follow the Star to Bethlehem" event, and interviewed a man who self-identified as "Messianic believer," which is a Jewish person who has converted to Christianity. FFRF called on the city to remove the religious display from government property in the summer because the nonprofit advocacy group said it violates the principal of separation of church and state. "They sent a couple of letters and pretty much left the issue alone up to this point so we're pretty satisfied about that," Belen Mayor Jerah Cordova told KOAT. "We stood strong, we stood tall and will continue to do so as a community and we'll continue to celebrate who we are." Cordova added: "One of the things about this organization that I don't think they fully understand is when they send a letter like that, all they're doing is riling people up and getting them to express support more than they ever have before for things like this." The "Follow the Star to Bethlehem" event included a play, "The Nativity," and performances by a choir and orchestra from a local Baptist church. Pastor Ray Jaramillo of Calvary Chapel Rio Grande Valley, one of the clergy who took part in the event, said: "People are concerned about their freedom of religion and so in response we're trying to stand up and say we're not going to go in a corner and hide any more, we're going to stand up and proclaim what we believe. [FFRF's goal] backfired and I think riled up the Christian community to come out and support our religious freedom." |
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A lawyer for FFRF told KRQE in November the "Follow the Star to Bethlehem" private event is exactly what the FFRF supports -- because volunteers rented out the space from the City of Belen and it was not a government-sponsored event. Pastor Greg McPherson, one of the organizers of the event, stated, "We wanted to put the Christ back in Christmas.” “We as a community are saying that we support the traditional Christmas and we support Bethlehem and Belen,” MacPherson proclaimed on behalf of the town. McPherson didn't mention that there is no celebration called "Christmas" mentioned in the Bible, nor is the birthday of Jesus Christ ever celebrated in the Good Book. Cordova insists the nativity scene won't be moved out of the government-owned park, however, that will likely be decided by a court. VIDEO AT: http://www.opposingviews.com/i/religion/new-mexico-town-refuses-remove-nativity-scene-stages-christmas-celebration-video Sent by Oscar S. Ramirez osramirez@sbcglobal.net
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Here Are the Police Officers the Media Should Have Talked About in
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There has been a seemingly unending chorus of anti-police protests, accentuated by inflammatory and often dangerous rhetoric, which has inspired a hostility toward law enforcement that’s not been seen in decades.
While some might now think this is because corruption is endemic to law enforcement, the truth is that most police officers go above and beyond the call of duty each day to protect their communities. The unfortunate and wholly inaccurate conclusion of widespread corruption is inspired more by innuendo, than by fact—and this is a problem. Misperceptions of police can be costly, as they harm not just law enforcement, but whole communities as well. When the essential bonds of trust are broken between police and community, public safety becomes compromised. To counter this false narrative, it is important to reflect upon some of the less publicized police-related activities of 2015, particularly those that emphasize America’s finest at their best. Although the following stories never made the nightly news this past year, they represent just a fraction of the many examples of American law enforcement officers going above and beyond the call of duty to protect and serve their communities. Here, from just the past few months, are a few examples: Roeland Park, Kan. In September, Officer Zachary Stamper of the Roeland Park Police Department, Kan., took it upon himself to obtain a bicycle and duffle bag for a local homeless man who he learned had to walk a very long distance to get to his place of work every day. Instead of ignoring the man’s situation, Stamper did something proactive to help. “As an officer, my job is to serve and protect, and this is what I’m doing to help my community. Ninety-nine percent of the officers that I’ve ever met would have done the same thing,” Stamper said. |
In October, a police officer in
Cedar Park, Texas, pulled over an individual he saw driving with three young children in the back of the car, unsecured without car seats. Instead of issuing a citation, Officers Justin Gower and Cale Hawkins decided to buy the man three car seats for his young girls, aged 1, 3, and 4. The money for the car seats was paid for out of the pockets of Gower and Hawkins, among others at the department. “Money is not the issue. It’s the issue of can you help them, and so that was the easiest way we saw, the fastest path to helping them,” Hawkins said. Temecula, Calif. In November an officer in Temecula, Calif., was called to a local mall to investigate a suspicious woman lingering near parked cars. What Officer Bruce Pierson discovered was a young woman, homeless since age 12, living on the streets with no shoes, dirty and calloused feet, and little to no prospects in life. Instead of simply telling the young woman to leave the area, Pierson told the woman that he’d like to take her into the mall and buy her a new pair of shoes. As he did so, the officer’s kindness inspired other shoppers to step in and help the woman with purchases of additional shoes and items. Just this past month officers in Fremont, Calif., surprised a family with brand new gifts for under their Christmas tree after they suffered through a home burglary. Police officers in Cleveland, Ohio, worked with local businesses to replace Christmas gifts for a family that had lost everything in a devastating house fire just days before Christmas. The few examples cited above may not generate sensational headlines or draw the attention of celebrities and elected officials, but they far better represent the character of the American law enforcement community than the often baseless innuendo polluting the public discourse and driving a wedge between police officers and the communities they serve. |
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| Let’s hope 2016 sees balance return to the public conversation on policing in America and a greater emphasis placed on the essential and positive role that police officers play in their communities every day. |
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| Tom Trento is one of the leading academic activists in the United States. A highly skilled debater and dynamic public speaker, Tom frequently goes toe to toe with Muslim Brotherhood representatives exposing their radical agenda to the public and elected officials. Mr. Trento with earned degrees in Law Enforcement and Philosophy and Theology was awarded the The Carnegie Hero Medal Award for saving a man from a burning car. Mr. Trento has traveled extensively throughout the US and Europe lecturing and exposing Islamic violence and infiltration in government, law enforcement and academic institutions. He is one of the co-authors of Shariah: The Threat To America and appears frequently on major media outlets and talk shows as an authority on Islamic ideology. - See more at: http://theunitedwest.org/about/tom-trento/#sthash.CRD0e4EM.dpuf |
| One
1997 report by the Immigration and Naturalization Service puts the
number of people who overstay their visas at 40 percent, about 4.4
million of
an estimated illegal immigrants currently in the United States, the
Times reports. [Mimi: Since they have VISAS, one would assume they are not Mexicans. Who are they?] http://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/tourist-visa-overstay-lose/2016 /01/01/id/707829/?ns_mail_uid=39078957&ns_mail_job=1648175_ 01012016&s=al&dkt_nbr=7bc7if3n |
 US Congressman Rubén Hinojosa |
US Congressman Rubén Hinojosa to retire in 2016 The Legacy Lives On Throughout my career, I have always believed that education is the key to success. In the Rio Grande Valley of Texas (RGV), federal and state investments in education have increased high school graduation rates, spurred economic growth, lowered double digit unemployment, and improved the quality of life of South Texas residents. It is my belief that our nation must have a highly trained workforce in all areas, particularly in sectors that support the development and advancement of our nation’s scientific discoveries and technological innovations – areas that increase America’s global competitiveness. |
When a student dreams of becoming a scientist or engineer, they may feel intimated and find the idea far-fetched. This is especially true for Latinos, African-American, and women – individuals who have been grossly underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. As advances in science and technology continue, our nation needs greater numbers of minority students to enter these fields; yet, how do we motivate interest in STEM for students of color? In 2001, I decided to address this issue in the 15th Congressional District of Texas. I found it was vitally important to enable greater STEM access for students, starting with America’s fastest growing population, Latinos, who are over 90% of the population in the RGV. I met with educational, business, and civic leaders in South Texas to identify how to develop the Rio Grande Valley’s human capital and introduce Hispanics to STEM careers. My staff and I also began working with the University of Texas Pan American’s (UTPA) Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP), an initiative signed into law by President Clinton in 1998 and currently funded by the U.S. Department of Education. Through these meetings and discussions, UTPA developed the Hispanic, Engineering, Science, and Technology (HESTEC) initiative. HESTEC was created to showcase opportunities in STEM through a weeklong event filled with various workshops, competitions, speaker series, and interactive activities. Unique to HESTEC are hands-on activities, such as the robotics competition, that expose students to the STEM fields each year. Teams use their creativity and imagination to create robots for HESTEC week; more than 60 high school teams have taken part in this robotics competition. By opening the eyes and minds of young people to these fields of study and displaying the concept that “anyone can be an innovator,” UTPA felt this would increase Hispanic enrollment in higher education institutions and increase graduation rates with a STEM-focused degree. Ultimately, this will create a pathway for the visionaries of tomorrow, develop a diverse workforce, and allow Hispanics and minorities to serve in more STEM leadership roles. These are big objectives, and coordinating an event like HESTEC is no easy task. However, all are achievable through persistence and bringing the right people together. The university invited members of Congress, presidents from Fortune 500 companies, civic leaders, representatives from our Texas colleges and universities, school superintendents, school administrators, federal agencies including representatives from the National Science Foundation, NASA, U.S. Department of Education, U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Energy, and of course, students and parents to participate in the Rio Grande Valley HESTEC week. The central discussions have included strategies for broadening the participation of Latinos, African Americans, Native Americans, and women in STEM. Year after year, HESTEC attendance continues to increase. During this fall’s fourteenth HESTEC initiative, approximately 85,000 people from the Rio Grande Valley participated. These attendees included over 58,000 middle and high school students; 22,000 college students; 700,000 students, educators, and community members; thousands of parents; and 45 corporate partners nationwide. Impacting over one million individuals, HESTEC has been recognized as a “Bright Spot in Hispanic Education” by the White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics. Due to HESTEC’s success, the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV), created by the Texas Legislature in 2013 by combining UTPA and UT-Brownsville, is ranked 8th in the nation in the number of engineering bachelor’s degrees awarded to Latinos. It also holds that 34% of the more than 2,000 engineering students that have graduated are women. The new UTRGV Medical School will be admitting its first class July 2016 to increase the number of healthcare professionals in the Rio Grande Valley. My heart swells with pride to know that South Texas has made significant progress since the founding of HESTEC. Despite the impressive milestones in South Texas, the United States is not where it needs to be. Nationally, only 8% of Latinos are graduating with a 4-year degree in STEM and 2% of the STEM workforce is Latino, a percentage that has not increased despite immense population increases. Given these challenges, this movement should not end when I retire from Congress at the end of 2016. I strongly encourage other regions in Texas and throughout the country to replicate models like HESTEC at UTRGV. Institutions of higher education, particularly our Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs), must continue to build strong strategic partnerships with diverse entities and stakeholders to leverage resources and promote the value of STEM education. Creating access to quality education and new forms of study in STEM for Latinos, Latinas, and under-represented communities are key steps for creating a more diverse workforce, new leadership, and increasing America’s global competitiveness. It is only through education that our community can move forward and create higher standards for improving the quality of life for the future of our nation. Will you be the next change-maker? Congressman Rubén Hinojosa is the ranking member of the Subcommittee on Higher Education and a member of the Committee on Financial Services. He will be retiring at the end of 2016 after serving 10 terms in the U.S. Congress. Sent by Mercy Bautista Olvera |
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| WASHINGTON, D.C. January 12,
2016 – This week, the U.S. Senate, with a vote of 82 to 6 confirmed Luis Felipe Restrepo as an appellate judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Judge Restrepo became the first Hispanic from Pennsylvania to serve on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. “Judge Restrepo has spent much of his legal career helping to protect the rights and liberties of underserved communities by first serving as a law clerk for the American Civil Liberties Union National Prison Project and then serving as a public defender for the Defender Association of Philadelphia,” said LULAC National President Roger C. Rocha, Jr. “LULAC applauds his confirmation to serve on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and is confident that Judge Restrepo’s judicial experience, along with his compassion and understanding of the less advantaged, will be a benefit to the bench.” |
Judge Restrepo served as U.S. Magistrate Judge and as a U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. In addition, he spearheaded the Eastern District’s reentry program which helps individuals who have recently been released from federal custody to reenter the community. ### The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) is the nation’s largest and oldest civil rights volunteer-based organization that empowers Hispanic Americans and builds strong Latino communities. Headquartered in Washington, DC, with 1000 councils around the United States and Puerto Rico, LULAC’s programs, services and advocacy address the most important issues for Latinos, meeting critical needs of today and the future. For more information, visit www.LULAC.org. |
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 |
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Dr. Luis W. Alvarez, physicist, was born in San Francisco, Calif., on June 13, 1911. He received his B.Sc. from the University of Chicago in 1932, a
M.Sc. in 1934, and his Ph.D. in 1936. Dr. Alvarez joined the Radiation Laboratory of the University of California, as a research fellow in
1936, eventually a professor. He was on leave at the Radiation Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1940 to 1943, at the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago in 1943-1944, and at the Los Alamos Laboratory of the Manhattan District from 1944 to 1945. Early in his scientific career, Dr. Alvarez worked concurrently in the fields of optics and cosmic rays. He is co-discoverer of the "East-West effect" in cosmic rays. For several years he concentrated his work in the field of nuclear physics. In 1937 he gave the first experimental demonstration of the existence of the phenomenon of K-electron capture by nuclei. Another early development was a method for producing beams of very slow neutrons. This method subsequently led to a fundamental investigation of neutron scattering in ortho- and para-hydrogen, with Pitzer, and to the first measurement, with Bloch, of the magnetic moment of the neutron. With Wiens, he was responsible for the production of the first 198Hg lamp; this device was developed by the Bureau of Standards into its present form as the universal standard of length. Just before the war, Alvarez and Cornog discovered the radioactivity of 3H (tritium) and showed that 3He was a stable constituent of ordinary helium. (Tritium is best known as a source of thermonuclear energy, and 3He has become of importance in low temperature research.) During the war (at M.I.T.) he was responsible for three important radar systems - the microwave early warning system, the Eagle high altitude bombing system, and a blind landing system of civilian as well as military value (GCA, or Ground-Controlled Approach). While at the Los Alamos Laboratory, Professor Alvarez developed the detonators for setting off the plutonium bomb. He flew as a scientific observer at both the Almagordo and Hiroshima explosions. Dr. Alvarez is responsible for the design and construction of the Berkeley 40-foot proton linear accelerator, which was completed in 1947. In 1951 he published the first suggestion for charge exchange acceleration that quickly led to the development of the "Tandem Van de Graaf accelerator". Since that time, he has engaged in high-energy physics, using the 6 billion electron volt Bevatron at the University of California Radiation Laboratory. His main efforts have been concentrated on the development and use of large liquid hydrogen bubble chambers, and on the development of high-speed devices to measure and analyze the millions of photographs produced each year by the bubble-chamber complex. The net result of this work has been the discovery by Dr. Alvarez' research group, of a large number of previously unknown efundamental particle resonances.. Since 1967 Dr. Alvarez has devoted most of this time to the study of cosmic rays, using balloons and superconducting magnets. Professor Alvarez is a member of the following societies: National Academy of Sciences, American Philosophical Society, American Physical Society (President 1969), American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and National Academy of Engineering. In 1946 he was awarded the Collier Trophy by the National Aeronautical Association for the development of Ground - Controlled Approach. In 1953 he was awarded the John Scott Medaland Prize, by the city of Philadelphia, for the same work. In 1947 he was awarded the Medal for Merit. In 1960 he was named "California Scientist of the Year" for his research work on high-energy physics. In 1961 he was awarded the Einstein Medal for his contribution to the physical sciences. In 1963 he was awarded the Pioneer Award of the AIEEE; in 1964 he was awarded the National Medal of Science for contributions to high-energy physics, and in 1965 he received the Michelson Award. He has received the following honorary de grees: Sc.D., University of Chicago, 1967; Sc.D., Carnegie-Mellon University, 1968; Sc.D., Kenyon College, 1969. From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1963-1970, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1972 This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above. For more updated biographical information, see: Alvarez, Luis W., Adventures of a Physicist. Basic Books, New York, 1987. Luis Alvarez died on September 1, 1988. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1968/alvarez-bio.html |
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| Dr. Walter Alvarez was born in Berkeley, California, in 1940. He is the son of Nobel Prize winning Physicist Dr. Luis Alvarez. Dr. Alvarez is of Spanish and Irish decent. He received a doctorate in Geology from Princeton University in 1967. Dr. Alvarez is currently a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. His interests are tectonics of the Mediterranean region, Geology of the Quaternary Roman Volcanic Province and its implications for dating glacial cycles and for understanding Roman Archeology, stratigraphy of pelagic
limestones, but he is best known for his discovery of a thin layer of iridium at the Cretaceous Tertiary Boundary. According to Richard
Monastersky, Dr. Alvarez’s discovery changed the way scientists view earth and the history of life. Investigating how long it takes for certain kinds of rocks to be deposited in Gubbio, Italy, Dr. Walter L. Alvarez discovered a thin clay layer with an unusually high concentration of iridium. This layer was found at the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) Boundary. The Cretaceous period ended 65 million years ago. With the end of the Cretaceous period, so can the end of the dinosaurs and most other forms of life. Analysis of the clay layer revealed that there were large concentrations of iridium. Iridium is a dense and rare metal, and it is the most corrosion-resistant metal known to man. Iridium can be found in the core of the earth, but the levels found at the K-T Boundary were too high. Normally, iridium is found in concentrations of 0.3 parts per billion. The clay layer at Gubbio had concentration 30 times higher. Iridium is also found, in much higher levels, in asteroids. Alvarez and his team, which included his father Dr. Luis Alvarez, Frank Asaro, and Helen Michel, proposed that an asteroid hit the earth, throwing up a dust layer that encircled the earth and lead to the extinction of the dinosaurs. Since Alvarez’s proposal, more than 100 iridium rich deposits at the K-T Boundary have been found around the world. These additional sites support the theory set forth by Dr. Alvarez and his team. Additionally, a site for the asteroid impact has been proposed. It is believed that the 180-mile crater in Chicxulub, on the Yucatan Peninsula, is the site of the asteroid that brought an end to the dinosaurs and most life forms at the end of the Cretaceous Period. This site was discovered in 1960, but it was not revealed until 1981, where it was met with very little interest. Today however, many scientists accept the 180-mile crater as the impact site of the asteroid, and many scientists also believe that this asteroid caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. Works Cited Homepage, Department of Geology and Geophysics, UC Berkeley http://www.geo.berkeley.edu/geology/ Science News Online, March 1, 1997 http://www/sciencenews.org/sn_arc97/75th/rm_essay.html Fastovsky, David E., and David B. Weishampel. The Evolution and Extinction of the Dinosaurs. Cambridge University Press ©1996 pg. 402 Norton, O. Richard. Rocks From Space. Mountain Press Publishing, Montana ©1994 pg. 388 Ibid, Pg. 392-4 Thank you to B.
Saavedra bertbluzz@verizon.net |
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La influencia de España y la cultura española en los Estados Unidos fue amplia e
importante. No tanto como en el Caribe o en América del Sur, y quizá tampoco tan
evidente. Pero existen reminiscencias, más o menos visibles o evidentes, que la
atestiguan. Ya vimos hace tiempo como el idioma castellano está en el origen del nombre de algunos estados
norteamericanos. Ahora veremos como las referencias a España se mantienen y perviven en algunos símbolos, tanto escudos como banderas de muchos estados y ciudades. Escudos de Estados |
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| Texas seal. El escudo de Texas tiene anverso y reverso. En el anverso no hay ninguna referencia a España. Pero en el reverso es perfectamente evidente e identificable: la bandera del Reino de España acompaña a las de todos los países o estados que tuvieron soberanía sobre el territorio: México, el Reino de Francia, los Estados Confederados, los Estados Unidos, y por supuesto la República de Texas. |
Montana. seal. El escudo de Montana contiene la leyenda “Oro y plata” en castellano. También forma parte de la bandera del estado. |
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New México Seal. El escudo de Nuevo México mantiene el águila mexicana junto a la americana, de mayor tamaño. Con ello se simboliza que Nuevo México todavía mantiene su tradición españolas, mexicanas y nativas. |
Arizona Flag. La bandera del Estado de Arizona está formada por 13 rayos rojos y dorados en su mitad superior. Representan a las 13 colonias originales de los Estados Unidos, y los colores son los de la bandera de España, en homenaje a Cabeza de Vaca y la expedición de Coronado en 1540. |
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Florida. La bandera del Estado de Florida consiste en su escudo sobre la cruz de San Andrés, heredada de la bandera del imperio español. También llamada Cruz de Borgoña, fue usada por España como emblema de batalla desde 1506 hasta 1843. |
Alabama. La bandera del Estado de Alabama muestra también la Cruz de Borgoña española. El sur de Alabama formó parte de la Florida española y, aunque su bandera precede en 5 años a la de Florida, es posible que se inspirase en la bandera que originalmente aparecía ondeando en el barco mostrado en el escudo de Florida. |
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New México Flag. La bandera de Nuevo México, que está considerada como el mejor diseño de todas las norteamericanas por la Asociación Vexilológica del país, consiste en un sol rojo sobre campo amarillo. En algunos sitios se explican esos colores como un homenaje a Castilla, y en otros al Reino de Aragón. Ambas opciones son posibles aunque improbables. |
City of Pensacola Flag. La ciudad de Florida conocida como La Ciudad de las Cinco Banderas, debido a los cinco estados que a lo largo e la historia tuvieron soberanía sobre ella, posee una bandera que mezcla todas ellas, incluyendo el pendón del Reino de Castilla. |
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City of Cupertino. La localidad californiana, famosa por ser la sede central de Apple, muestra un casco o yelmo de los exploradores españoles que llegaron por aquellas tierras, encabezados por Juan Bautista de Anza, el cual llamó así al lugar en honor del santo italiano San José de Cupertino. |
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http://www.labrujulaverde.com/2014/11/la-herencia-espanola-en-las-banderas-y-los-escudos-de-los-estados-unidos Sent by Dr. Carlos A. Campos y Escalante |
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| Committee on the Spanish Presence in
America's Roots Discovery Museum and Rancho Del Sueno Galvez Opera Celebrating Chicano History Week, February 2-8th Arizona House of Representatives. 56th Legislature resolution HCR 2034 Chicano History Week |
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Somos Primos is leading an effort to present the facts of Spain's
citizen's important and early contributions to the United States. In collaboration with
Co-Chair, Hon. Judge Edward F. Butler, past National President, and
other members of the
National Sons of the American Revolution, the project will focus on, giving well-deserved credit to the
Spanish horse and his companion, the Spanish soldiers and their
descendents, the Mestizos vaqueros, in the expansion and
development of the United States. The goal is to produce educational, entertaining, and engaging products which will stir and raise positive awareness of the historic and current presence of the Spanish/Hispanic/Latino in the United States, and nurture pride among those with Mexican heritage, plus other Spanish heritage groups with early American history in their lineage.
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Program areas. thus far are: § Documentary, 6-part series § Accompanying Book § Traveling Exhibit, Phase One of the traveling exhibit, is targeted to be in place by January 2017. § Materials for national classroom use § Online Spanish horse-Vaquero Museum § Hands-on living history Museum on the West Coast depicting life early mission period of the 1700-1800s. SPAR will be looking at posters, stamps, pins, comic books, and other means of spreading this needed information. The documentary will be a 6-part series, with the following tentative outline: • The Horse: Transforming America at a Gallop • Presidios: Castles in the Wilderness -- from St. Augustine and LaBahia to Santa Barbara. • The Spanish Missions • El Camino Real: The Royal Roads of the Americas • Galvez: America's Forgotten General • Spanish Culture's Impact on the Americas -- Food, music, architecture, fashion, expression, politics. Gary L. Foreman, film-maker of Native Sun Productions, will be the documentarian with whom the project will be collaborating. Below is some information on Gary.
Foreman is inviting Spanish-heritage family researchers whose ancestors
were in the Americas during the 1700-1800s, and involved with
horses in some capacity, to please contact him. He would like to include
the stories of soldiers who served under Bernardo de Galvez, or as
vaqueros who supported the American colonists during the American
Revolution. We know our Spanish-Mestizos ancestors were involved
and were essential to the success of the American Revolution. It
is a story that needs to be told. |
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Vision
Statement The Ÿ
Present the history of the
“West” and early Ÿ
Preserve the natural
history and diverse ecosystems of the land on which the Ÿ
Reconstruct and re-enact
the lifestyles representative of the period: Native American, ranching,
agriculture, mission, equine, maritime and military Ÿ
Create interactive programs
and activities - which will invite the visitor to engage through
participation in authentic historical experiences Ÿ
Establish a historical,
educational and cultural center that will become the primary repository
for The intention of the HDC is to establish and
maintain the most comprehensive guidelines which ensure accurate
representation of this period of Ÿ
Recreate and replicate authentic, original social and
natural systems Ÿ
Connect the relationship between the land and ecosystems
to the human and cultural resources which shaped the course of the
development of Ÿ
Demonstrate the influence of livestock brought by the
Spanish, most notably the horse Ÿ
Design historically accurate demonstrations that encourage
the visitor’s interactive participation Ÿ
Re-enact the “stories” of the people and places whose
heritage formed the foundation for many of
The natural resources of
Military The Soldados were instrumental in the exploration
and colonization of 40222
Millstream Lane
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Galvez Opera in the Planning Stages |
| Marec Bela
Steffens was the guest speaker at the January 6th meeting, a librettist who lives in Houston.
He gave a dynamic reading of his opera on Galvez, which is
still a work in progress. I'm asking that our chapter helps move
this project along by providing individual donations at the meeting.
I am asking that whatever donations we received at the meeting, we
will match with funds from our treasury. We already have one donation
of $50 and with matching funds, it brings the total to $100. |
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In 2003, Somos Primos provided leadership for a 3-day
celebration honoring Bernardo de Galvez. Included was a music competition. The
winning composers were Ana Lara and Robert Maggio: Light
to Thousands: The Ballad of Galvez
https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=Galvez+concert+written+by+Robert+Maggio| The November issue has the information. http://somosprimos.com/sp2003/spnov03/spnov03.htm#Galvez The link below has information on both composers and their collaboration.
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Chicano
Week was first observed in Michigan . . . thirty years ago.
In 1985 Dr.
Refugio Rochin, while director of The Julian Samora Research Institute
in Michigan, initiated a move for the state of Michigan to recognize
February 2-8 as Chicano Week. He said during a
[1//27/16] telephone call that his goal was to promote more
awareness of the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo February 2,
1848 . . . . as the point in time when Mexicans in the Southwest
became Chicanos.
After not lying dormant for many years, on January 29, 2014, the State of Michigan House of Representatives passed Resolution No. 295 which declared February 2-8, 2014 once again, Chicano History Week in the State of Michigan. The goal now is to have all ten states that were affected historically by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo to adopt a resolution recognizing Feb. 2-8 in their state as Chicano History Week. Hopefully by next year, we will see it happen. The State of Arizona has submitted a resolution to approve Chicano Week in Arizona, HCR 2034. The effort is being headed by Rep. Juan Jose Mendez Mendez, seeking support. If you have family, primos, friends in Arizona, do contact Rep. Mendez, jmendez@azleg.gov Below is the language of the Resolution: http://www.azleg.gov/legtext/52leg/2r/bills/hcr2034p.pdf |
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State
of Arizona House of Representatives Fifty-second Legislature
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Introduced by Representatives Mendez, Andrade, Bolding, Cardenas, Espinoza, Fernandez, Gabaldón, Larkin, Plumlee, Rios: Alston, Clark, Gonzales, Hale, McCune, Davis, Wheeler A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION PROCLAIMING FEBRUARY 2 THROUGH FEBRUARY 8, 2016 AS CHICANO HISTORY WEEK IN ARIZONA. TEXT OF BILL HCR 2034 1
Whereas, the date that the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, HCR 2034 1
Therefore
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| Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir laid the groundwork for our
National Park Service Descubren el asentamiento europeo más antiguo de Estados Unidos American Panorama: An Atlas of United States History Amazing Story about Morris "Moe" Berg |
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 In the spring of 1903, Theodore Roosevelt embarked on what would become one of history's most important presidential journeys. While he was certainly looking to explain his legislative agenda to the Western states (and to shore up votes for the 1904 election), the trip also [came to represent an epiphany for the
environment-conscious president.The National Park Service (NPS) wouldn't come into being for another 13 years, under President Woodrow Wilson, but Roosevelt's trip that spring prepared the soil for the creation of the organization. Over the course of his ambitious nine-week excursion, Roosevelt stopped in nearly 150 towns and delivered .approximately 200 speeches. He visited Yellowstone National Park among many other outdoor wonderments throughout the West. But the trip took on its most profound significance when he reached California. Several months earlier, Roosevelt had penned the following letter to the well-known naturalist John Muir, whose book on the Sierra Nevada he'd read years earlier: |
"My dear Mr. Muir:... I wish to write you personally to express the hope that you will be able to take me through the Yosemite. I do not want anyone with me but you, and I want to drop politics absolutely for four days and just be out in the open with you .... Sincerely yours, Theodore Roosevelt." Muir responded: "Dear Mr. Roosevelt: I sincerely thank you/or the honor you do me in hoping I may be able to take you through the Yosemite .... Of course I shall go with you gladly." |
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| From May 15 through 17, Roosevelt and Muir were inseparable. Together, they set off into the backcountry, hiking mountains, wandering among giant sequoias, and sleeping under the stars. Along the trails, in the snow, and against their campfires' red-orange glow, Muir made his compelling case to the president as to why it was so important to protect and preserve the natural environment. Shortly after his Yosemite visit, Roosevelt wrote, "It was like lying in a great solemn cathedral, far vaster and more beautiful than any built by the hand of man." Inspired by that trip, Roosevelt began working doggedly to
persuade Congress to pass laws that would eventually help spur the formation of the
NPS. While president, he signed legislation to create five national parks and approved the Antiquities Act, the unique provisions of which allowed
him to create 18 national monuments. He also established |
Roosevelt's passion carried across the entire national.; parks system. "There can be nothing in the world more; beautiful than the Yosemite, the groves of the giant sequoias and redwoods, the Canyon of the Colorado, the Canyon of i the Yellowstone, the Three
Tetons; and our people should see to it that they are preserved for their children and their children's children forever, with their majestic beauty all unmarred," he wrote. Today, you can retrace Roosevelt's footsteps through California and find remnants from his monumental trek. There are trees he planted and plaques placed in his honor. Signs mark his presence and photographs show him delivering his powerful words. But his journey's most lasting impact is reflected in the glorious open spaces that are protected today—the "solemn cathedrals" Roosevelt loved so much. Or as Muir described these outdoor sanctuaries: "A place of rest, a refuge from the roar and dust and weary, nervous, wasting work of the lowlands, in which one gains the advantages of,: both solitude and society" Chris Epting is an award-winning travel journalist and the author, of 25 books, including Teddy Roosevelt in California: The Whistle Stop Tour That Changed America. . |
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Descubren el asentamiento europeo más
antiguo de Estados Unidos |
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Esa
colonia, llamada Santa María de Ochuse, precedió en seis años a la de
San Agustín, y casi en medio siglo (48 años) a la de Jamestown en
Virginia, la primera colonia inglesa. Pero hasta ahora su localización
seguía siendo un misterio. Pero la búsqueda por fin ha terminado, el misterio ha sido resuelto. El yacimiento histórico se encuentra en un barrio del centro urbano de la ciudad de Pensacola, perfectamente alineado con los dos naufragios vinculados a la expedición de Luna existentes en la bahía de la localidad. El segundo de los pecios fue descubierto hace ahora diez años, mientras que el primero se encontró en 1992. Y es que, casi por accidente, en octubre pasado el historiador Tom Garner se encontró con el descubrimiento más importante de su carrera. La demolición de una vivienda puso al descubierto restos de objetos del siglo XVI, como trozos de recipientes de barro, vajilla y utensilios de cocina, cuentas comerciales venecianas, pesas de plomo para pescar y otros. |
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| En agosto de 1559
Tristan de Luna y Arellano fundó el primer asentamiento multianual (con una duración superior al año) europeo y español de los Estados Unidos en lo que hoy es Pensacola, Florida. Esa colonia, llamada Santa María de Ochuse, precedió en seis años a la de San Agustín, y casi en medio siglo (48 años) a la de Jamestown en Virginia, la primera colonia inglesa. Pero hasta ahora su localización seguía siendo un misterio. |
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| http://www.labrujulaverde.com/2015/12/descubren-el-asentamiento-europeo-mas-antiguo-de-estados-unidos
by Guillermo Carvajal |
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An Atlas of United States History |
The Black
Legend (Spanish: La
Leyenda Negra)
is a style of nonobjective historical writing or propaganda that
demonizes the Spanish
Empire,
its people and its culture in an intentional attempt to damage its
reputation. The Black Legend propaganda originated in the 16th
century, a time of strong rivalry between European colonial powers.
The first to describe and denounce this phenomenon was Julián
Juderías in
his book The
Black Legend and the Historical Truth (Spanish: La
Leyenda Negra y la Verdad Histórica),
a critique published in 1914 that explains how this type of biased historiography has
presented Spanish history
in a deeply negative light, purposely ignoring positive achievements
or advances. For this anti-Spanish literature, Juderías coined the
term black
legend.
Later writers have supported and developed Juderías' critique. In
1958, Charles Gibson explained that Spain and
the Spanish
Empire were
historically presented as "cruel, bigoted, exploitative and
self-righteous in excess of reality."
Sent by Lucas C. Jasso
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American Panorama is an historical atlas of the United States. It combines cutting-edge research with innovative interactive mapping techniques, designed to appeal to anyone with an interest in American history or a love of maps. http://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/ American Panorama is created by the Digital Scholarship Lab at the University of Richmond. Robert K. Nelson and Edward L. Ayers serve as editors, Scott Nesbit as an associate editor. Justin Madron manages the project's spatial data. Nathaniel Ayers leads the design work. The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the University of Richmond have generously provided funding for American Panorama. Stamen Design developed the software for this project. |
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ball player. But Moe was regarded as the brainiest ballplayer of all time. In fact Casey Stengel once said: "That is the strangest man ever to play baseball.†When all
the baseball stars went to Japan, Moe Berg went with them and many
people wondered why he went with "the team".
He never delivered the flowers. The ball-player ascended to the hospital roof and filmed key features: the harbor, military installations, railway yards, etc. Eight years later, General Jimmy Doolittle studied Berg's films in planning his spectacular raid on Tokyo. Moe Berg
He graduated magna cum laude from Princeton - having added Spanish, Italian, German and Sanskrit to his linguistic quiver. During further studies at the Sorbonne, in Paris, and Columbia Law School, he picked up Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Indian, Arabic, Portuguese and Hungarian - 15 languages in all, plus some regional dialects. While playing baseball for Princeton University, Moe Berg would describe plays in Latin or Sanskrit.
He reported back that Marshall Tito's forces were widely supported by the people and Winston Churchill ordered all-out support for the Yugoslav underground fighter, rather than Mihajlovic's Serbians. The parachute jump at age 41 undoubtedly was a challenge. But there was more to come in that same year. Tito's partisans Berg penetrated German-held Norway, met with members of the underground and located a secret heavy-water plant - part of the Nazis' effort to build an atomic bomb. His information guided the Royal Air Force in a bombing raid to destroy that plant.
There still remained the question of how far had the Nazis progressed in the race to build the first Atomic bomb. If the Nazis were successful, they would win the war. Berg (under the code name "Remus") was sent to Switzerland to hear leading German physicist Werner Heisenberg, a Nobel Laureate, lecture and determine if the Nazis were close to building an A-bomb. Moe managed to slip past the SS guards at the auditorium, posing as a Swiss graduate student. The spy carried in his pocket a pistol and a cyanide pill. If the German indicated the Nazis were close to building a weapon, Berg was to shoot him - and then swallow the cyanide pill. Moe, sitting in
the front row, determined that the Germans were nowhere near their goal,
so he complimented Heisenberg on his speech and
walked him back to his hotel.
Most of Germany's leading physicists had been Jewish and had fled the Nazis mainly to Britain and the United States.
After his death, his sister accepted the Medal. It now hangs in the Baseball Hall of Fame, in Cooperstown. Presidential Medal of Freedom: the highest award given to civilians during wartime. Moe Berg's baseball card is the only card on display at the CIA Headquarters in Washington, DC.
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Tribute to Robert S. Weddle, Texas
Historian |
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A
Tribute to Robert S. Weddle
Robert
H. Thonhoff
Bob Weddle will be appreciated by history aficionados for generations to come.
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World War II veteran pushed for |
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Longtime Placentia resident Joe Vargas Aguirre, who helped with efforts to push the Placentia school district in the late 1940s to end its policy of segregated schools, has died. He was 91. Aguirre was a founding member of Veterans and Citizens of Placentia, a Mexican American civil rights group that led the fight to end segregated schools. |
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| “My dad and the other Mexican American men, most of whom were World War II veterans, decided that they were not going to back down and set out to bring equality to the Placentia Unified School District,” said his oldest son, Joseph Aguirre, who served two terms on the Placentia City Council. The group petitioned trustees to let their children join in classrooms with white students, even threatening a lawsuit. “That was one of his proudest achievements,” Joseph Aguirre said. “He didn’t want other kids to have to go through what he and his brothers and friends and other Mexican Americans … had to go through.” Aguirre died Dec. 20 at the Pavilion at Sunny Hills in Fullerton after a lengthy illness. He was born April 6, 1924 in Placentia to Jose and Martina Aguirre. The family has deep roots in the community and civic life. Aguirre graduated from Valencia High School in 1942, where he played shortstop and was part of the team that won the school’s first varsity league championship in any sport. He also excelled in track and field at Valencia, holding all six of the school’s shot put and discus records from freshman through varsity levels. One record endured for 27 years. In World War II, Aguirre was part of the 652nd Tank Destroyer Batallion, rising to tank commander. Joseph Aguirre said his father earned an American Campaign Medal and World War II Victory Medal. |
In 1952, Aguirre married Dolores Ventura of Placentia and earned an associate’s degree from Fullerton College. He worked as a master carpenter for more than 40 years and built his first family home on Aguirre Lane in Placentia. He built his second home in 1959 in Fullerton. “He was an outstanding athlete and an excellent carpenter, but I think overall he was a very ethical and honest person, but he was also a family man and he really enjoyed spending time with his family,” Joseph Aguirre said. In 1975, Aguirre faced another fight when the Fullerton Redevelopment Agency began condemnation proceedings to seize his family’s custom-built home for part of a commercial parking lot. The City Council voted unanimously to condemn his home at each hearing, but after a grass-roots campaign that secured press coverage, the city reversed its decision at the final public hearing. “A lot of my inspiration for wanting to get involved to make a difference in the community came from my dad who fought so hard to save our family home,” Aguirre, 61, said. About 150 people attended his funeral Mass Tuesday at St. Joseph Catholic Church in Placentia, CA. 714-704-3709 or desalazar@ocregister.com |
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Vets on Storytelling Mission The National World War II Museum Joe Sanchez salutes Army Sgt. Joseph Lemm |
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| Every Friday for the past six weeks, local veterans have gathered at the Wise Place in Santa Ana to share their personal, emotion-filled experiences in free theater workshops. Now, their storytelling will translate into a free public performance at the Chance Theater in Anaheim Hills on Wednesday – Veterans Day. The workshops, which started Oct. 2, are funded through a $9,600 grant from the California Arts Council as part of its pilot program Veterans Initiative in the Arts. Arts Orange County, Chance Theater and the local veterans service organization Veterans First collaborated to launch and produce the free classes. Karen O'Hanlon, Chance Theater’s education director, guided the seminar-style workshops that allow the veterans to share their stories aloud. The mission of the program, said O’Hanlon, is to empower veterans to use theater to share their experiences and learn the dynamics of storytelling. The six weeks were broken into four phases: sharing, choosing, creating and performing. O’Hanlon started every workshop with everyone sitting in a circle and asking a question that encouraged each participant to talk. “The first week I asked them to answer why they joined the military. Some joined; some were drafted. I also shared my stories and why I didn’t join the military,” O’Hanlon said. “Then we play with different styles of storytelling, so I can get a sense of their natural storytelling ability and how we can use that in our play.” The veterans were given the option to enact their own story or allow someone else in the group to perform it for them, if they were not comfortable with performing their own. “So far a majority of the group will be performing their own story, but we do have a couple whose story will be performed by someone else, maybe because it is too sensitive or too difficult for them,” O’Hanlon said. O’Hanlon said she could see that the veterans had hesitations initially, just as she did. “You have expectations when you go around the house; some of these men are homeless, some struggle with addiction, so I wasn’t too sure if they were going to open up,” said O’Hanlon, “And they were hesitant too. Some said, ‘Why are you trying to make a show out of our stories, and making light of what we went through?’ And I answered honestly that the goal of this program is for us to connect and find therapy by sharing our lives with one another.” The age range of the veterans performing at the Chance Theater is 25 to late 70s. The group includes about eight men who have served in various military branches and fought in a variety of conflicts, including Vietnam, the Gulf War, Iraq and Afghanistan. Professionals and volunteers from Arts Orange County and Chance Theater, as well as O’Hanlon, transcribed the veterans’ stories and formed them into theatrical scripts for the men to perform. Air Force Intelligence veteran and Huntington Beach resident Frank Barry served from 1965 to 1973 in the Vietnam War as a linguist, fluent in Vietnamese, Indonesian and Hebrew. “These workshops are a wonderful thing,” Barry said. “It gives some of us Vietnam veterans an opportunity to tell our stories of the hindsight of history. “It also gives us the opportunity to interact with veterans from other wars. You’re looking at the Gulf wars, Afghanistan and Iraq, and very rarely do we get a chance to be together and share our stories together, and that’s why I am very enthusiastic about this opportunity.” Barry’s performance piece is “Orange Is the New Evil” and speaks about the effects of the herbicide and defoliant Agent Orange, used by U.S. military in the Vietnam War, on service members. Barry says his exposure to Agent Orange in Vietnam was the potential cause of an early diagnosis of prostate cancer. An excerpt from his script reads: “Little did I know that it was not the rockets or bullets that would threaten my life. It was having boots on the ground in Vietnam and the BBQ grill. Who would have thought a BBQ? It was customary for us to have a beer bash and BBQ after our flights – relief that we had survived to fly another day. We had to fashion our own BBQs out of metal drums cut in half, with wire for the grill. We did not pay attention to the orange ring around the barrels signifying they contained Agent Orange.” Through his theater piece, Barry hopes to bring awareness to Vietnam veterans and their descendants, as well as other veterans and active military members who have experienced toxic exposures during deployment. According to O’Hanlon, because of the diverse nature of the workshops, the group does not have a set plan of what the Chance Theater performance is going to entail. “When we get together we are going to determine what we are going to say, why we are saying it, who we are saying it to, and then we’ll talk about what the performance is about,” said O’Hanlon. Ronnie Guyer, another workshop participant who will be performing Wednesday, joined the U.S. Army as a two-year draftee in 1965-1966 in the 1st Air Cavalry Division Airmobile. He was deployed in the central highlands of Vietnam and fought in the first major battle of the Vietnam War between the U.S. and North Vietnamese, the Battle of la Drang. “This program has been honorable of all my fellow veterans; our stories are quite striking, and worthy of being honored,” Guyer said. “And I am so pleased that the Chance Theater and Arts Orange County have chosen to do so. It is a worthwhile endeavor and I hope it grows.” Guyer, who grew up in Garden Grove and lives in Chino Hills, said having O’Hanlon and other storytelling professionals mold their stories into scripts has been a rewarding experience. His story revolves around the Battle of la Drang in which he foughtoin Nov. 14, 1965. “As I was carrying the dead and wounded from helicopter to helicopter, I remember thinking. ‘Boy, there really are people in this world who hate the free for being free,’” said Guyer, “But I since learned that love is the only reality in the world, not hate, and the one thing that the world needs in this world is more love.” During the workshop sessions, O’Hanlon would write down words or phrases from the men’s stories. At the end of each session, she would share the words aloud. “At first the gentlemen wanted to talk about how they were treated when they got back from war, about drugs they were given, misdiagnoses and so on, but the words that I found at the end of each meeting were actually so uplifting. I didn’t expect that,” said O’Hanlon. “We talk about love, survival, different generations, responsibility. It’s just wonderful.” The show will run approximately 60 minutes, with a post-show discussion and reception at the theater. O’Hanlon said they hope to offer the workshop next year. “Every time I leave the workshop, I just sit in my car and think how privileged I am to see a whole other perspective,” she said. “The gentlemen really seem to enjoy it and share their stories and, most of all, make bonds with each other.” Contact the writer: jmoe@ocregister.com |
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 From the beaches of Normandy to the sands of Iwo Jima, The National World War II Museum's exhibits are a blend of personal accounts, artifacts, documents, photographs and original film footage. The stories of the dozens of amphibious landings and the thousands of men and women who made Allied victory in World War II possible are told through three floors of exhibit space. | In addition, special exhibits draw on the Museum’s own collections, as well as relevant traveling exhibits to further illustrate and explore the war that changed the world. We recommend allowing at least two to three hours to visit the Museum. |
In addition, special exhibits draw on the Museum’s own collections, as well as relevant traveling exhibits to further illustrate and explore the war that changed the world. We recommend allowing at least two to three hours to visit the Museum. Beyond All Boundaries, created exclusively for The National World War II Museum, is a unique and powerful 4-D cinematic experience available nowhere else in the world. Created and crafted with 21st-century technology and utilizing a 120-feet wide immersive screen, the production plunges viewers into the 20th-century’s most titanic struggle. It tells the tale of the Greatest Generation’s journey from Pearl Harbor into the fire of epic battles to America’s final victory in the War That Changed the World in the words of the veterans themselves. The Museum is honored to have Tom Hanks as Executive Producer and the voices of some of Hollywood’s top stars bringing to life the words of actual World War II participants and war correspondents |
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Watch a video . . Soaring Valor https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3P15s4z WNQ&feature=youtu.be - See more at: https://www.tripshock.com/The-National-World-War-II-Museum-&-Beyond-All-Boundaries-4D-Experience/details/594/#sthash.kGsWajGp.dpuf Sent by Yomar Villarreal Cleary ycleary@charter.net |
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| I salute Army Sgt. Joseph Lemm who was also a detective with the NYPD for
his service to the people of New York City and our country. As we all know... he paid the ultimate price when he was killed by a suicide bomber in Afghanistan. God bless his soul. Photo is of my good friend, Sgt. Fred Booker, with whom I served in Vietnam. Fred lives in Derbyshire, England. He and I were wounded by a VC grenade, along with two other friends of mine, Robert Martinez { medic } from Corpus Christi, Texas, and George White, from N.C. Booker and Martinez spent many months in the hospital recovering from their wounds. At the time, booker was 36-years-old and I was 19 going on 20. Booker at the age of 17 had joined the British Army and served in combat in the Korean War, as an infantry paratrooper. After doing 6 years with the British Army and also serving in the Suez Canal, Egypt and New Guinea, he came to America, living in Missouri where he had family, and shortly there after, enlisted in the United States Army. His Military Occupational Specialty "MOS" was infantry. He was then sent to Fort Sill, Oklahoma to train as a Forward Observer. In 1966 he volunteered to go to Vietnam. |
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| When I was transferred form the 5/7 A Company as a rifleman, I was assigned
to 2/7 D Company as Booker's radioman "RTO" Booker was an excellent and
dedicated soldier. He did his job well and made sure I was okay while we
were in the bush looking for Charlie. I remember when we went on a mission
one day, and I forgot to bring more than two canteens of water. After the
second day without finding water, the whole company was in trouble. We were
deep inside a forest looking for a battalion of NV soldiers. That's about
six hundred men give or take in a combat zone. We only had a little over one
hundred men, if I remember right. That's the way it was. Make contact and
then call for help. By the third day, my two canteens were dry, and it was
hell. To make a short story, Sgt. Booker shared his water with me. The next
day water was brought to us via helicopters. Fortunate for us, the bad guys
did not attack our company, but we did lose one man to a booby trap. God
bless his soul. The day that Booker and I were wounded, which was on my 20th birthday, I was walking behind of him in this small village after a firefight, and the enemy was still lurking about. While we were on top of this embankment and ready to go down in search of the enemy, I found myself in front of Booker. I then remember that he always wanted me behind him. I then let him get in front of me, and a few seconds later a grenade came at us and exploded. I thought I had been shot in the head. I felt a burning sensation in my arms, legs, and groin. Then everything went from fast to slow motion. I saw Booker tumble down the embankment to my right, he looked like a store mannequin floating in some Twilight Zone. Even the leaves blown off the trees seemed like they were hovering instead of falling. I was coughing from the battle smoke, and then it seemed like I could not move at all. My brain had shut down from the concussion. The rest of the story one can read in True Blue: A Tale of the Enemy Within. That is why when I was a cop, and anyone of my partners will tell you, especially in the 30 Pct, when ever I went into a situation where there was a gun involved, I always went in first. I always remembered Sgt. Fred Booker going in first and almost losing his life. I did not want my partners nor any other cop hurt. I'm going to post Booker's photo on my Website's Vietnam Page and also asked another friend of mine, Rolando Salazar, who also served with us in the 2/7 D Company, to post on his Website: http://www.rsalazar.net/ Happy New Years to all and God bless. ~Joe Sanchez www.bluewallnypd.com |
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The ‘Other’ European Ally of the Continental Army By Hon. Edward F. Butler, Sr. |
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The ‘Other’ European Ally of the Continental Army |
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The Continental Army had more than one major European ally. In addition to France, the other major ally was Spain, a fact that is lost upon most standardized texts of American history. Judge Ed Butler of San Antonio, Texas, has produced a fascinating account of Spain’s vast—if not largely unrecognized—aid to the American colonists in the book, “Galvez/Spain, Our Forgotten Ally in the American Revolutionary War: A Concise Summary of Spain’s Assistance.” The ensuing multi-part article, based on the book, illuminates various key aspects of Spain’s support for the Patriot cause.—Editor Old World Background
As Charles grew up, his resentment and passion grew up, too. He just
couldn’t stomach the thought that glorious Spain had been humiliated whilst his father and namesake sat on the throne. In 1734, as Duke of Parma,
he conquered the kingdoms of Naples and of Sicily and was crowned King of both on 3 July 1735. For the next nineteen years, he reigned as Charles VII
of Naples and Charles V of Sicily.
The pact had been invoked twice in earlier times, and it was signed in secrecy a third time on 15
August 1761. It stipulated that all the Bourbon kings (representing France and Navarre; Spain; the Two
Sicilies; and the Duchy of Parma) would stand united, in defense of each other, and would put an end to
British maritime supremacy. Thus, in 1762, Spain joined France against England and its ally Portugal in
the ongoing Seven Years’ War. By that time, France knew she was losing the war. Therefore, the two European powers that would come to the aid
of the Thirteen Colonies were disgruntled old foes of the British Empire, just waiting for
the day to regroup, revamp, and reconquer. The monarchs may have been empathetic to the
Patriot cause, but they were first and foremost motivated by their relative
positioning in the
European balance of power. Both France and Spain, therefore, viewed
the American Revolution within a global context of how best to weaken Britain all around the world.
Sometimes British ships would intercept arms and munitions meant for delivery to the fighting rebels. In the spring of 1776, an American merchant ship was detained near Boston transporting over twenty tons of gunpowder shipped from Gardoqui. Also captured in the spring of 1776 in Delaware Bay was a Spanish merchant ship with $14,000 in a box marked “W.M.,” presumably belonging to William & Morris, another authorized shipper. British diplomats in Spain and France knew of the movement of military stores across the Atlantic
to the Thirteen Colonies and to Caribbean ports, but they could not prove the courts were financing
it. Did they suspect it? Beyond his initial two million livres for the merchant company, Charles gifted
several more millions of livres throughout the
war to key individuals of the Patriot cause. In the three-year period 1776-1779, he loaned some eight
million Spanish reales to the Colonies.VIII A piece of Spanish Louisiana in the French Quarter.—Source: knowla.org
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| I de Tapia Ozcariz, Enrique. Carlos III y su época: Biografía
del Siglo XVIII (Aguilar, S. A. de Ediciones, Madrid) 1962 II Velde, François. “The Treaties of Utrecht (1713)”, Heraldica. org, http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/utrecht.htm III Voltes Bou, Pedro. La vida y la época de Fernando VI (Editorial Planeta, Barcelona) 1998 IV Wertz, W.F. “Spain’s Carlos III and the American System—Spanish Participation in the American Revolution,” Instit. Schiller, Washington, D.C., 2001 V Vaughan, Benjamin. Remarks on a Dangerous Mistake Made as to the Eastern Boundary of Louisiana (J.T. Buckingham, Boston) 1814 |
VI 1) Kite, Elizabeth S., Beaumarchais and the War of American
Independence (Gorham Press, Boston) 1918; 2) Rueda Soler, Natividad. La Compañía de Comercio Gardoqui e
Hijo: 1770- 1780. Sus relaciones políticas y económicas con Norteamérica (Ediciones Gobierno Vasco, Vitoria) 1992. VII Gartiez-Aurrecoa, Divar Javier. “El embajador Don Diego María de Gardoqui y la Independencia de los EE.UU.,” University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain, 2003 VIII Fernandez y Fernandez, Enrique. Spain’s Contribution to the Independence of the United States (Embassy of Spain, Washington, D.C.) 2000 IX Thornhoff, Robert H. “Vital Contribución de España En el Triunfo de la Revolución Americana,” Karnes, Texas, 2006
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The goal of this republication is to preserve the original work and subsequent extensive investigation. The re-mastered three boxed set includes more than 750 names, genealogy, origin, code of arms, armory of Spanish, English, Italian and French settlers in Spain and Latin America. Grupo Impresores Unidos, S.A. de C.V. has the honor of offering you Blasones y Apellidos in a complete monumental limited edition boxed set in Spanish. The three book set has been completely redesigned with imitation leather and foil stamping to form an elegant boxed set. We present its contents and the author’s biography as follows: |
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Fernando Muñoz Altea was born in Madrid in 1925 and became a naturalized Mexican. He has lived in Mexico City since 1976. He is recognized as one of the most important historians and the main genealogist in both Spain and Latin America. King of Arms to the House of Borbon Dos Sicilias since 1962. Among many memberships, he is the founder and life President of the Genealogic and Armory Academy of Mexico. He has dedicated more than 60 years to findthe roots, the code of arms and the history of many families. He is also the Honorary Citizen of Texas (1971). Gold Medal of the City of San Antonio, Texas. Honorary Mayor, Police Chief and Deputy Sheriff of the same city. He designed the code of arms for both the city of San Antonio and Bexar County. Honor Member of the Texas Hispanic Foundation. Honorary Colonel of Texas. Honorary citizen of the City of Houston, Texas (2001).
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He has ordered and cataloged several historic archives of many municipalities in Spain. Knight of the Mexican Legion of Honor. He is the author of several books, among them, the biographies of the 64 Viceroys of Mexico, The House of Los Pinos History (like the White House in the US), and The Signers of the Independence Act, their biographies.
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This editorial project includes all the aforementioned historic data and preserves it for future generations. It also provides the reader the opportunity to learn the relevant aspects of the history and a better understanding of the social coexistence for more than 700 years in Spain and Latin America. | ||
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limited edition includes a 3book set plus a slip case (1700 + total
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PayPal is
available now through the book's web page to pay.
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Revisiting Race in the Genomic Age |
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=================================== Revisiting Race in the Genomic Age takes a cutting-edge look at emerging genetic technologies and their impact on current conceptions of race and human identity. Essays will explore genomic science as an important anthropological and sociological case in the development of race theory as well as examine the social, ethical, and legal implications of emerging genomic technologies. Philosophers join anthropologists and scientists working in human genetic variation research to make this a truly interdisciplinary work. Following the introduction, essays in section one will present the conceptual frameworks on race as related to human genetic variation research. The heart of the book is made of up three sections focusing on three significant themes in this emerging cross-disciplinary engagement. Sections are "Race-targeted Research and Therapeutics," "Genetic Ancestry, Identity, and Group Membership," and "Race and Genetics in Public Discourse." |
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By sequencing the DNA of stomach contents found inside the "Iceman," researchers found a pretty famous type of bacteria, H. pylori — the same type of bacteria that sometimes causes ulcers in humans today. And that finding, published today in Science, doesn't just hint that the Iceman may have been sick at the time of his murder. As it turns out, mummy bacteria also reveals a lot about ancient human history. SCIENTISTS ONLY RECENTLY NOTICED THE MUMMY CONTAINED A FULL STOMACH The Iceman was discovered in 1991 by a German couple vacationing in the Italian Alps. His body had been exhumed by glacier melting close to the Austrian border. In the years after the body's discovery, scientists figured out that the Iceman lived during the Copper Age, grew up in the Alps, and that he was somewhere between 40 and 50 years old when he died. They also discovered that he died when an arrowhead lodged itself in his left shoulder, severing a major artery. In 2012, an analysis of the Iceman's DNA revealed that the Iceman had brown eyes, brown hair, Type O blood, and that he was lactose intolerant. Now, scientists have turned their attention to the organisms that lived inside the Iceman's stomach. But getting to this point in their research wasn't easy; scientists only noticed that the mummy contained a full stomach in 2010, after re-examining CT scans of the body. And even then, scientists still had to do something drastic: defrost a 5,300-year-old corpse completely to find out what might lay inside. (EURAC / Marion Lafogler) First, scientists had to completely defrost the mummy. Then they went into the guts through a pre-existing cut in the lower abdomen, says Albert Zink, head of the Institute for Mummies and the Iceman at the European Academy in Bolzano, Italy, told reporters yesterday. "Through the opening in the mummy, we were able to get samples of the stomach content and different parts of the stomach and intestines." THEY WENT INTO THE GUTS THROUGH A PRE-EXISTING CUT By analyzing DNA contained in the samples, scientists figured out that the H. pylori strain found in the Iceman's gut wasn't the product of a modern contamination. "The Helicobacter sequences display damage patterns, so they were clearly of ancient origin," says Frank Maixner, coordinator at the Institute for Mummies and the Iceman. The researchers also determined that the Iceman carried a strain that's associated with inflammation in modern-day humans. In addition, the researchers found signs his immune system had been fighting off the infection. That might mean the Iceman was sick when he died, but his stomach lining wasn’t preserved well enough for researchers to know for sure. Finding out if the Iceman felt sick before his death wasn't the researchers' main goal, however. What they wanted to do was use H. pylori's genome to uncover new information about human history. (EURAC / Marion Lafogler) That's possible because this particular bacterium only exists in human stomachs; it's transmitted when children play together, as well as from parent to child. It also happens to mutates very quickly, which means that H. pylori's DNA can give researchers an even higher resolution picture of how human populations have moved around the globe than human DNA would allow right now, says Yoshan Moodley, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Venda in South Africa and one of the co-authors of the study. In addition, scientists already know that the modern-day European population of this bacterium is made up of a roughly 50-50 combination of Asian and Northeast African bacterial populations. But what they don't know is when that mixture — one that would require close contact among disparate groups of people — took place. That's why today's study is valuable for evolutionary biologists. The analysis of the bacteria's DNA shows it’s closely related to ancient North Indian H. pylori strains — and shares only a small amount of ancestry with North African strains. That's surprising, the researchers say, because modern European strains are closely related to North African strains. That means that the genetic mixture of ancestral bacterial strains found in modern Europeans hadn't occurred, or had not fully occurred, in Central Europe by the time of the Iceman's death. "HE CARRIED AN UNMIXED STRAIN." "Until now it was believe that this mixed strain was already present in the Neolithic [Period] — that the farmers brought this already mixed strain to Europe — and now we see in the Iceman that it wasn't like that. He carried an unmixed strain," Maixner said in a video interview. The bacteria inside the Iceman's gut was probably Paleolithic bacteria that existed in Europe at the time, Moodley said. And the African components that scientists see in modern European strains may have been "brought in by Neolithic farmers at some stage in the last 5,000 years." It’s unlikely that today’s European mixture is the result of people from Asia walking to Europe and meeting African people there, Moodley says. Instead, the African components of modern H. pylori probably were transferred to the Middle East before moving into Europe over the last 5,000 years. The Asian bacterial population was probably widespread in prehistoric Europe; it would have evolved in the Middle East as well before spreading throughout Paleolithic Europe and Asia. Reconstruction of the Iceman. (South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology / Ochsenreiter) Krithi Sankaranarayanan, a microbiologist at the University of Oklahoma, says the study was well designed — but that's not all that he's excited about. He thinks the researchers' methods could be used to screen other mummies from similar or older time periods. And that's something that the researchers say they've thought of too. They're already in talks with scientists who have access to mummies in Asia, northern Europe, and South America, Zink said (mummies in Egypt had their stomachs removed, so they're pretty much off the table). And that’s promising for scientists, since it’s hard to draw population-wide conclusions based on just one specimen. This probably isn't the last time you'll hear about the Iceman. His body is currently housed in the South Tyrolean Museum of Archaeology in Bolzano, Italy, and the researchers say that they still have sample materials left to look at, and some data to crunch. In addition, the researchers say that the Iceman didn't suffer too much from being defrosted and then re-frozen. Taking the samples didn't cause the Iceman's body any harm, Moodley said — "except maybe that he lacks some of his stomach content now." http://www.theverge.com/2016/1/7/10730166/iceman-gut-microbes-5300-years-history-helicobacter-pylori Sent by John Inclan fromgalveston@yahoo.com |
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FAMILY HISTORY RESEARCH |
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Five Steps to Verifying Online Genealogy Sources by
Kimberly Powell, Genealogy Expert The Royal Basque Society of the Friends of the Country and America Wanting to Connect with Family Researchers in Mexico |
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Many newcomers to genealogy research are thrilled when find that many of the names in their family tree are easily available online. Proud of their accomplishment, they then download all the data they can from these Internet sources, import it into their genealogy software and proudly start sharing their "genealogy" with others. Their research then makes its way into new genealogy databases and collections, further perpetuating the new "family tree" and amplifying any errors each time the source is copied. |
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| Step One: Search for the Source Whether its a personal Web page or a subscription genealogy database, all online data should include a list of sources. The key word here is should. You will find many resources that don't. Once you find a record of your great, great grandfather online, however, the first step is to try and locate the source of that information. Check for notes or comments Click on the link to "about this database" when searching a public database (Ancestry.com, Genealogy.com and FamilySearch.com, for example, include sources for most of their databases). Email the contributor of the data, whether it be the compiler of a database or the author of a personal family tree, and politely ask for their source information. Many researchers are wary of publishing source citations online (afraid that others will "steal" the credit to their hard-earned research), but may be willing to share them with you privately. |
Step Two: Track Down the Referenced Source Unless the Web site or database includes digital images of the actual source, the next step is to track down the cited source for yourself. If the source of the information is a genealogy or history book, then you may find a library in the associated location has a copy and is willing to provide photocopies for a small fee. If the source is a microfilm record, then it's a good bet that the Family History Library has it. To search the FHL's online catalog, click on Library, then Family History Library Catalog. Use place search for the town or county to bring up the library's records for that locality. Listed records can then be borrowed and viewed through your local Family History Center. If the source is an online database or Web site, then go back to Step #1 and see if you can track down a listed source for that site's information. |
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| Step Three: Search for a Possible Source When the database, Web site or contributor doesn't provide the source, it's time to turn sleuth. Ask yourself what type of record might have supplied the information you have found. If it's an exact date of birth, then the source is most likely a birth certificate or tombstone inscription. If it is an approximate year of birth, then it may have come from a census record or marriage record. Even without a reference, the online data may provide enough clues to time period and/or location to help you find the source yourself. Step Four: Evaluate the Source & Information it Provides While there are a growing number of Internet databases which provide access to scanned images of original documents, the vast majority of genealogy information on the Web comes from derivative sources - records which have been derived (copied, abstracted, transcribed, or summarized) from previously existing, original sources. Understanding the difference between these different types of sources will help you best assess how to verify the information that you find. |
How close to the original record is your information source? If it is a photocopy, digital copy or microfilm copy of the original source, then it is likely to be a valid representation. Compiled records -- including abstracts, transcriptions, indexes, and published family histories -- are more likely to have missing information or transcription errors. Information from these types of derivative sources should be further traced back to the original source. Does the data come from primary information? This information, created at or close to the time of the event by someone with personal knowledge of the event (i.e. a birth date provided by the family doctor for the birth certificate), is generally more likely to be accurate. Secondary information, by contrast, is created a significant amount of time after an event occurred, or by a person who was not present at the event (i.e. a birth date listed on a death certificate by the daughter of the deceased). Primary information usually carries more weight than secondary information. |
Step Five: Resolve Conflicts You've found a birthdate online, checked out the original source and everything looks good. Yet, the date conflicts with other sources you've found for your ancestor. Does this mean that the new data is unreliable? Not necessarily. It just means that you now need to reevaluate each piece of evidence in terms of its likelihood to be accurate, the reason it was created in the first place, and its corroboration with other evidence. How many steps is the data from the original source? A database on Ancestry.com that is derived from a published book, which itself was compiled from original records means that the database on Ancestry is two steps away from the original source. Each additional step increases the likelihood of errors. When was the event recorded? Information recorded closer to the time of the event is more likely to be accurate. Did any time elapse between the event and the creation of the record that relates its details? Family bible entries may have been made at one sitting, rather than at the time of the actual events. A tombstone may have been placed on the grave of an ancestor years after her death. A delayed birth record may have been issued dozens of years after the actual birth. Does the document appear altered in any way? Different handwriting may mean that information was added after the fact. Digital photos may have been edited. It's not a normal occurence, but it does happen. What do others say about the source? If it is a published book or database rather than an original record, use an Internet search engine to see if anyone else has used or commented on that particular source. This is an especially good way to pinpoint sources which have a large number of errors or inconsistencies. One last tip! Just because a source is published online by a reputable organization or corporation doesn't mean that the source itself has been vetted and verified. The accuracy of any database is, at its best, only as good as the original data source. Conversely, just because a fact appears on a personal page or the LDS Ancestral file, doesn't mean that it is more likely to be inaccurate. The validity of such information is largely dependent upon the care and skill of the researcher, and there are many excellent genealogists publishing their research online. Happy hunting! http://genealogy.about.com/od/basics/a/verifying.htm?utm_content=20160105&utm _medium=email&utm_source=exp_nl&utm_campaign=list_genealogy&utm_term=list_genealogy |
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After the Basque Society was set up, there was an expansion of learned societies, both in Spain and America. Within this movement of expansion of the enlightened spirit overseas, it is striking, moreover, that some members of the various societies of Friends of the Country founded in Santiago de Cuba and Havana, Guatemala or Peru, also belonged to the Basque Society. What is more, the phenomenon of membership to an enlightened set of ideas in those places was particularly significant in the case of Mexico. In this case, they did not set up their own societies of Friends of the Country, but rather a very high number of people joined the Basque Society as distinguished members. In the case of Cuba, two learned societies emerged, one in Santiago de Cuba (1787) and the other in Havana (1792), although only the latter, the Royal Economic Society of the Friends of the Country of Havana would have any activity of note, despite having been set up after the one in Santiago. Both maintained close relations with the Basque Society. Shortly after its foundation in Santiago de Cuba, they requested a teacher from the Seminary of Bergara for their programme of child education and books that could be used to begin their teaching work. However, the relation with the Economic Society of the Friends of the Country of Havana was more intense, through its numerous members who also belonged to the Basque Society. The 63 Cuban members who were distinguished members of the Basque Society lived in Havana. For the most part they had been born in the capital or were Creole. Among them, the most important was the group of merchants followed by the group of senior officials (connected to high posts in administration and the tobacco factories) and military. Their relation with the Basque Society explains the presence of a significant number of Cuban students in the Royal Seminary of Bergara, mostly children of those members. The example of Peru and its relationship with the Basque Society is very special. It was precisely the distinguished members of the learned Basque society who, according to Lohmann Villena, displayed an exemplary intellectual activity in Peru, becoming involved in the work of corporations that arose there in the heat of the enlightenment to ensure – in learned terms – the happiness of the vassals and the economic development of the whole nation. These distinguished members played an important role in the Diario de Lima or the Mercurio Peruano. Both publications were the expression of culture in general, representing an openness to everything that was related to intellectual life and the well-being of the country in which they lived. Among the subscribers of the Mercurio for example – approximately 318 -, 46 were also members of the Basque Society. The influence of these figures in the society of the time is obvious. Some were senior officials, others aristocrats; or also merchants. Among the first group there were two viceroys (Guirior and Jáuregui), a deputy inspector general of the troops of the viceroyalty and later magistrate (Avilés), a public prosecutor of the court in Lima (Gorbea), a judge in Lima (de la Mata), three ministers of Lima...The group of aristocrats, both those with titles and those with military decorations, consisted of people who combined their position with the exercise of positions of political responsibility or with business activities. Of the 46 members of the Royal Basque Society, 10 were of the Order of St James, 3 were Knights of Calatrava and another 3 were awarded the Order of Charles III. Some also held various noble titles. There were also ship-owners, merchants with positions in the Consulate, etc. But the most numerous and brilliant group was the one noted for its accomplishments in the field of thought, literature, and as well as its talents, its teaching, training and advanced ideas. Most of this group of distinguished members of the Basque Society would also join the Sociedad Económica de Amantes de Lima (or Royal Society of Friends of the Country in Lima), whose main means of communication was precisely the Mercurio Peruano. Outside the capital of Peru, there were also some members of the Basque Society. Specifically in the city of Arequipa there were no less than 32 members. Professionally, they were mostly from the military, men in administrative posts and a fair number of important clergymen who held high posts in the diocese. Among these, we can mention Juan Domingo de Zamacola, who left an outstanding written work. And if there were an important number of distinguished members of the Basque Society in Arequipa, there were also several students from Arequipa in the Patriotic Seminary of Bergara, some like Cosío and Urbicain or O'Phelan and Recavarren, children of members of the Basque Society. The spread of enlightened thought in Arequipa, led to the founding of the Mineralogical Society of Arequipa, clearly of an enlightened nature, whose aim was to work the mines, promoting its exploitation, "so that – according to its stated aims – being more abundant, we will not be mere administrators of the natural wealth of Peru". The management originally consisted of seven members, five of whom were members of the Basque Society. As far as Mexico was concerned, the massive number of members of the Basque Society jumps out at you: more than 500. What is even more surprising is the absence of an economic society of friends of the country on Mexican soil. Membership of the Basque Society is a common factor of these members, whose ties were based on family connections, their ideals and shared activities, more than simply a question of country. Those who joined the Basque Society as distinguished members were an influential group in Mexican society, both in intellectual and economic and political spheres. Some excelled in the scientific and humanistic fields collaborating with their work and thinking to the promotion of culture (Alzate, Martínez de Aguilera, Arregui, Elhuyar – who moved to Mexico as the director of the College of Mining -, Lasaga, etc.). Many helped to adapt New Spain's economy to the reforms of the Bourbon state from the positions they held in institutions such as the Consulate (Basoco, Iratea, Icaza), customs (Astigarreta), New Spain's administration (viceroy Bucareli; the judges Villaurrutia, and Viana, count of Tepa, of the Council of the Indies), or the municipal governments (the mayors Goytia, Villasante o Victorica, etc.). And many of them organized the national economy after Mexican independence. But perhaps the most relevant group was the merchants. Many of them combined their status as land-owners, miners etc. with that of council members and managers in various institutions. Their influence on Mexican economy was well-known, and their presence in government bodies and the Consulate, was striking to say the least, grabbing the positions of prior and consuls for themselves. The presence in Buenos Aires is not comparable for example with the high number of members in Mexico. However, the Basque Society managed to recruit high-ranking clergymen, government officials and people dedicated to wholesale trading, as highlighted by the historian José Mª Maríluz Urquijo. All of them had in common their concern for the improvement of the economic, cultural or social conditions of the place where they lived. They were practical men of action, interested in reforming society and disseminating useful knowledge to achieve better living conditions. But, who were the people linked to the Basque Society? Among the senior government officials were viceroys (Vértiz, del Pino, Avilés), regents (de la Mata Linares), bureaucrats (Albizuri), businessmen (Sarraeta who was also the vice tax collector and board member of the 'Friends' together with Ugarte), merchants, etc. As with members of the 'Friends' in Cuba or Mexico, some of their children also swelled the lists of students of the Seminary of Bergara (as is the case of Manuel and Mariano Sarraeta). Here again they did not formally make an economic society of friends of the country despite various attempts. Nevertheless, the first newspaper printed in Buenos Aires, the Merchant, Rural, Politic-Economic and Historical Telegraph of the Rio de la Plata, devoted an article to the patriotic societies of friends of the country as an example of the diffusion they had reached. It was also some distinguished members of the Basque Society who contributed to spreading free-trade ideas and building the Consulate to support trade in the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata. In other places in America such as Guatemala, Mompox or Puerto Rico, although there are no members of the Basque Society (or at any rate very few, like in Guatemala, which only has one recognized member), its influence was clear when it came to establishing their respective economic societies of friends of the country. In the places mentioned, the Basque Society statutes and aims were known and taken into account when establishing their own learned societies while considering the characteristics and conditions of each place. Bibliography: La Real Sociedad Bascongada y América. Fundación BBV, colección Documenta, Bilbao, 1992. La RSBAP y Méjico. Actas del IV Seminario de Historia de la RSBAP, San Sebastián-Mexico, 1994. HISTORICAL PERSONAGES XAVIER MARÍA DE MUNIBE AND IDIÁQUEZ , VIII COUNT OF PEÑAFLORIDA JOAQUÍN DE EGUÍA Y AGUIRRE, III MARQUIS DE NARROS ALTUNA Y PORTU, MANUEL IGNACIO DE AGUIRRE AYANZ, TIBURCIO AGUIRRE Y ORTÉS DE VELASCO, JOSÉ MARÍA, V MARQUIS OF MONTEHERMOSO GASPAR DE MUNIBE Y TELLO, II MARQUIS OF VALDELIRIOS IGNACIO DE URQUIJO Y OLANO, II COUNT OF OSPÍN DE URQUIJO by JUAN LUIS BLANCO MOZO Amigo de Número de la Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País http://bascongada.eus/en/la-sociedad/historia/158-the-royal-basque-society-of-the-friends-of-the-country-and-america |
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About us Mexican Americans . . . Chicanada
A Step Ahead, year-old SOAR program encourages and motivates Rachel Mauro, receives $1,500 scholarship, CSU Global Campus, Colorado Springs Emmanuel Gutierrez, Why-he's a-whiz-kid:- selected a Simon Scholar New school named for slain Newtown teacher Victoria Soto Check out Disposable diapers could save ton of water The Revolution Must be Accessible |
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On Fri, Jan 15, 2016 at 7:37 PM, <MIMILOZANO@aol.com> wrote to Ray Padilla. . . :
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| Mimi, It may turn out that Chicanada are in fact burdened by a surplus of riches. Recent studies by psychologists have suggested that when people are able to choose among many choices (as opposed to only a very limited number of choices) they tend to take longer to decide and they make poorer choices. When it comes to our identity as Chicanada we know that we carry genetic and cultural inheritances from all major racial groups and cultures. Not in equal proportions but all are still represented. So we therefore have many racial, cultural, linguistic, genetic, etc. choices in terms of who we are and how we want to live. Under these circumstances, the educated among the Chicanada have made use of a shifting identity, which is situational, and make choices as the situation requires. That is why we can enjoy a hot dog and then for the next meal run down to the taco joint. That is why we can speak in English and many of us are fluent in Spanish (or at least enjoy the music), and sometimes we mix up the languages for good measure. That is why we can enjoy the ambience of the barrio (la gente) or attend a university commencement ceremony with equal aplomb. When well educated Chicanada go to Mexico, our education and income fit us within the Mexican ruling class, but often our Spanish language proficiency (or lack thereof) and inherited working class background shows through and we look a little strange to the Mexican elites. Meantime, in the U.S. we are often seen as tainted with foreignness and of lower class status, not to mention racial inferiority. We are the workers . . . But the confluence of diverse tendencies and traits in us (which are sometimes contradictory) also equips us with tremendous resilience. The key is, and has always been, education. There is a reason why Texas ranks so low in national education ratings: The controlling population does not want Chicanada to become well educated. Well educated Chicanada often are very threatening to others. Education helps Chicanada to make the best out of the wealth of cultural and symbolic resources that are available to us. At the same time, don't expect educated Chicanada to all sing in lockstep out of the same hymnal. Since we all have so much to choose from, don't be surprised if some of us choose one way and others choose a somewhat different path. And don't be too surprised if we rarely speak with just one voice. Personally, I take great joy in my genetic, racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity. I am part of a historic process that has been going on for a very long time and that will continue into the indefinite future. Education helped me to understand my world and was instrumental in my pursuit of improving it. Regards, Ray Padilla rvpadilla1@gmail.com |
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A STEP AHEAD Robert Mendoza, 26, a graduate kinesiology student, is part of the SOAR program and recently
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| As an undergraduate kinesiology student at Cal State Fullerton, Robert Mendoza was never fazed by the prospect of being the first in his family to graduate from college. He didn’t want being a first-generation student to be what defined his time at the university. Instead, Mendoza focused on his goal of specializing in sports psychology. He graduated with his bachelor’s degree in 2012 and, after realizing he would need a master’s degree to reach that goal, enrolled in CSUF’s kinesiology graduate program in 2014. He expects to graduate next year. “The mental side of sports is something that really interests me,” said Mendoza, 26. “I have played sports my entire life, and I can always remember being a strategic player – to this day I still consider myself being a strategic player.” “I knew that I couldn’t get to where I wanted to go with just a bachelor’s degree,” he said. Higher Education Push Mendoza is a part of CSUF’s Strengthening Opportunities, Access and Resources – or SOAR – program. The goal of the 1-year-old, federally funded program is “to increase the number of Hispanic students who enroll in a graduate program and earn a graduate degree, and to also improve their educational experience at Cal State Fullerton,” said Katherine Powers, director of SOAR. While the program offers its services to all graduate students regardless of their race or socioeconomic backgrounds, its main outreach is toward underrepresented students – specifically the Latino population – on campus. Powers has a couple of theories as to why students, specifically underrepresented students, do not continue on to graduate programs after obtaining their bachelor’s degrees. “It could be thought that a bachelor’s is enough,” said Powers. “There is culturally an idea that at some point you don’t just keep going and going to your Ph.D. There really is an emphasis that one degree is enough.” SOAR advisers assist students, many of whom are first-generation students, to talk with their families about the importance of a graduate or doctorate degree, said Powers. Another reason students may not go on to pursue master’s degrees is a strong want or need to enter the work force, she said. “We’re thinking a lot about how we can help Hispanic students succeed,” Powers said. “What are their needs? What are their challenges?” Beyond the label Just as he did as an undergraduate student, Mendoza doesn’t dwell on the fact that he’ll be the first in his family to earn a master’s degree. “That was never really ever in my mind,” Mendoza said. “It’s something that is out of my control and I will not let it affect me.” As a CSUF graduate student, Mendoza is focusing on his studies, just like any other student on campus who faces their share of obstacles or disadvantages, he said. “It’s something that I am very proud of,” Mendoza said of being the first in his family to earn bachelor’s and master’s degrees. “I am happy that I can make my parents happy and proud.” As part of the program, SOAR offers 40 to 50 scholarships each academic year. The $2,000 scholarships – part of an initiative titled the Elevar Scholars Program – are offered to underserved, low-income CSUF graduate students. “We treat them as a cohort,” Powers said of the Elevar Scholars. “They come together for workshops and they learn the value of networking – the benefit of it.” “We help them learn their own skills. We help them be leaders,” she said. Mendoza became an Elevar Scholar earlier this year. The scholarship allowed him to participate in a CSUF kinesiology-focused 12-day trip to Greece in June. Mendoza visited Athens, Nemea, Delphi, Olympia, Nafplio and Isthmia, where he went to museums, ancient archaeological sites, ancient and modern Olympic stadiums and the International Olympic Academy. “It was the best experience I ever had,” he said. “I’m a big sports history guy so to be able to go to Greece and stand where the ancient Olympians once stood – it was unbelievable.” SOAR also offers development and networking workshops, as well as a mentorship program. Program staff help manage the Graduate Student Success Center, currently under renovation in the university’s Pollak Library. Besides offering their services to graduate students who seek their assistance, SOAR advisers reach out to students who are in the process of applying to graduate school, as well as graduate students who are struggling academically. Degrees pay off SOAR works closely with another CSUF graduate program: Enhancing Post-baccalaureate Opportunities for Hispanic Students, or EPOCHS. While the two programs have similar goals – encourage and assist underrepresented students to earn post-baccalaureate degrees – they offer different resources. The two CSUF programs often collaborate to organize and host workshops. In 2009, before the launch of the EPOCHS program, 686 self-identifying Latino students were enrolled in master’s and doctorate degree programs at CSUF. This past May, 1,094 did the same. Mendoza believes programs like SOAR and EPOCHS are necessary for students who aren’t financially stable, aren’t sure whether they should attend graduate school, are having trouble in a graduate program or are indecisive in choosing a career path. “I understand that not every field and not every job requires a degree,” Mendoza said. “But if there ever comes a time where they are competing for a position, their chances of getting the job increases (with a master’s degree).” Mendoza has some advice for current undergraduate students who are uncertain about pursuing higher education after earning their bachelor’s degrees: “I would encourage them to research whatever field they want to get into and if they would benefit from it,” he said. “There’s nothing wrong with investing in yourself. In the long run, you’re the one who benefits from it.” Contact the writer: amarcos@ocregister.com http://www.ocregister.com/articles/students-691538-graduate-program.html |
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| Rachel Mauro, receives $1,500 scholarship, CSU Global Campus, Colorado Springs | ||
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 ReservationCounter.com
is pleased to announce the winner of our Fall 2015 General Scholarship
for Higher Learning Award. Rachel Mauro, a college student attending CSU
Global Campus in Colorado Springs, CO has been selected as the Fall 2015
Scholarship winner based upon her overall application responses, career
objectives and financial needs.Thank you for promoting the ReservationCounter.com Scholarship Award program on your financial aid resource this year. As a reminder, the Scholarships for Higher Learning are ongoing and are awarded twice annually in the Fall and Spring of each calendar year. |
Spring 2016 General Scholarship Award opportunity is now available and accepting student applications through April 15, 2016 with a scholarship to be awarded in the amount of $1500 USD. The scholarship link for student applications is located here: http://www.reservationcounter.com/scholarships/ If your school or financial aid resource is no longer linking to the ReservationCounter.com scholarship application, we would like to request your reconsideration in publicizing our scholarship program as an ongoing resource for your student community to leverage for scholarship award opportunities. |
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| Thank you in advance for your
consideration and please contact me directly with any questions about
the General Scholarship for Higher Learning program. Warm regards, Michelle Sunga, Director of Marketing msunga@reservationcounter.com Phone: 801 407-5446 Facebook | Twitter |
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Age 16, Segerstrom High School, Santa Ana Grade 12 After dealing with severe health issues and watching his parents separate, all by the time he was 7, Gutierrez seemed destined for a path filled with obstacles and challenges, the kind that many young kids would not be able to overcome. One by one, his older siblings made destructive choices, so Gutierrez decided he was going to create a different path for himself, one that led to a positive and bright future, one that started with education. "My dad put a lot of time into my education, and I excelled in school," Gutierrez said. "It gave me pride, and I decided to continue down that path toward a good college and a career I can enjoy." His path to that goal received a huge boost when Gutierrez was selected to participate in the . Simon Scholars Program, created by the Simon Family Foundation, "to help economically disadvantaged students who face difficult life circumstances advance themselves through a college education." . With a 4.5 GPA and placing currently in the top 1 percent of his class, Emmanuel was one of a select group of high school students from the Santa Ana Unified School District chosen to be a Simon Scholar. After completing one year of the two-year program, Gutierrez has grown as a student and a person. "I'm more confident in myself, and it's helped me be able to share my story," he said. In addition to benefiting from the personal development support the program provides, Simon Scholars are awarded a $16,000 college scholarship, receive SAT/ACT preparation assistance and participate in summer camps and team-building events. Gutierrez and his fellow scholars were also given the opportunity to attend a college tour in Northern California, where the students visited such campuses as Stanford University and UC Berkeley. "It was great to see the schools and their environments," Gutierrez said. "Having the support for college has given me a clear road to follow." Gutierrez has his sights set on attending one of the colleges he visited, or possibly an Ivy League school, with a career in law or positive effect on his siblings, who are being influenced by watching their younger brother's success. "They've seen what I've . been able to do, and they know you have to make changes to make things right," Gutierrez said. "This opportunity is a blessing. I'm very grateful." ' . , Source: Orange County Register, Family Life, September 12, 2015 |
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New school named for slain Newtown teacher Victoria Soto Victoria Leigh "Vicki" Soto |
On September 3, 2015, the newly built Victoria Soto School will open for about 290 students. The elementary school, named after a teacher from Stratford that was killed in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, is equipped with special security measures. On September 3, 2015, the newly built Victoria Soto School will open for about 290 students. The elementary school, named after a teacher from Stratford that was killed in the Sandy Hook Elementary School STRATFORD — With bullet resistant glass, hidden cameras and dozens of inconspicuous safety features, the new Victoria Soto School set to open this fall is perhaps the safest school in town. But that won’t likely be the focal point of this new $18 million facility named for Soto, a first grade teacher who was slain along with 25 others at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012. This cheerfully-colored, bright school filled with pint-size furniture and cubbies evokes a sense of joy and kindness, not fear. “This is a school Vicki would actually love to teach in,” Carlos Soto, 18, Vicki’s brother said. “It is exactly how she would have wanted. You walk in and you are just happy. Even without students. It just feels right.” Vicki, Carlos and their two sisters, all went to Stratford schools. The family still lives in town and, as chance would have it, the district’s school superintendent, Janet Robinson, was Newtown’s school chief at the time of the shootings in 2012. The decision to rename the school — a replacement for Honeyspot House and part of the Stratford Academy Magnet School complex on Birdseye Street — after Soto was an easy one for the town council to make. What: Victoria Soto School part of Stratford Academy, Birdseye Street. Cost: $18.3 million, 56 percent of which was picked up by the state Size: 36,000 square feet, 14 classrooms, single story Capacity: 290 students. In the fall there will be 220 pre-kindergarten through second graders Architect: Tai Soo Kim Partners. Builder: Whiting-Turner Contracting Company. School principal: Koren Paul. What happens to the old Honeyspot: For now it will be house some district special education programs. “Vicki would be thrilled,” Robinson said. “She was such an enthusiastic, bubbly teacher. I think she would be in here already and have it all set up.” http://www.ctpost.com/news/article/New-school-named-for-slain-Newtown-teacher-6417659.php#photo-8392498 |
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Check out Disposable diapers could save ton of water by Art Marroquin  Rochelle Morales, left, and Hayley Priest, both eighth-graders at Ball Junior High, received a $454 grant awarded by the Anaheim Union High School District Service Foundation. The money will help fund their community service project, “Diapers to the Rescue: A Water Saving Idea for the Community. ”PHOTO COURTESY OF DEBRA MALMBORG |
| Rachelle Morales and Hayley Priest have spent the past year studying whether disposable diapers could help retain moisture in soil. The goal, they said, is to find a way to reduce water usage without affecting agricultural growth during California’s lengthy drought. “I’m hoping that other people will learn that there are other things that they can do in their gardens so that they don’t have to use so much water,” Priest said. The girls, both 13, were awarded a $454 grant this month from the Anaheim Union High School District Student Service Foundation, created last year to help pay for pupil-led community projects. The girls’ money will be used to plant produce in a pair of raised soil beds to test the theory. One of those beds will have soil mixed with pieces of disposable diapers, which have absorbent polymer beads that are environmentally friendly and retain moisture. If successful, the project could decrease the amount of water needed by roughly 50 percent. “It’s been fun working in the garden together and figuring out how to conserve water in California,” Morales said. Contact the writer: 714-704-3769 or amarroquin@ocregister.com http://www.ocregister.com/articles/water-696099-diapers-soil.html
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The Revolution Must Be Accessible Posted:
04 Jan 2016 |
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Emigdio Vasquez, Chicano Art and Expression in Orange,
January 14, 2016
Jan 16 - Feb 13: Mexicanos al Grito de Guerra, the borders crossed us” Poems from the Rio Grande By Rudolfo Anaya Cal State East Bay Professor Teaches Students To 'Decolonize Your Diet' Words and Phrases Remind Us of the Way We Word |
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EMIGDIO VASQUEZ May 25, 1939 - August 9, 2014
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Mimi, Refugio Sanchez, Frances Rios and I attended the Chicano Art and Expression in Orange, CA Program on January 14, 2016 at the Orange Public Library. This was part of the Orange Public Library's Latino Americans Lecture Series. The event was very well attended with an estimated 125 people present-standing room only! The entire program was a tribute to well known Chicano artist, the late Emigdio Vasquez who grew up in the Cypress Street Barrio in the City of Orange. Several guest speakers were present and made presentations. Present were: Emigdio Vasques Jr. (Higgy), Higgy's wife, Katherine Bowers Vasquez, Emidio's daughter and artist, Rosemarie Vasquez Tuthill and Abe Moya, a friend of Emigdio Vasquez. All four speakers focused their discussion on the impact Emigdio has had on the Chicano Art movement.  Two films were shown to the public, one was a biography of Emigdio and the other was a documentary on Emigdio's art and including a restoration of one of Emigdio's murals (1979) on Cypress Street. The restoration was completed by Higgy Vasquez, also an accomplished artist. For more details on the Cypress Street Mural Restoration Project go to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0PZ23Ev4FI This presentation: |
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Stencil collage by Bay Area artist Kate Deciccio. Photo by Laura Waxmann In an artistic collaboration that crosses individual and national boundaries, 55 artists will be showcasing their politically-fueled work in an effort to address struggles shared on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. “Mexicanos al Grito de Guerra: We didn’t cross the border, the borders crossed us,” opens at the Mission Cultural Center on January 16 for one month, but the exhibit’s organizers hope that the messages conveyed in featured works will have a meaningful and lasting impact beyond that. “The exhibit is a cross-cultural interaction of printmakers from California to south of the border that encompasses a wide scope talent,” said Gallery Coordinator Angelica Rodrgiuez. With the center’s history as a printing house for local, grassroots print institutions such as El Tecolote and Mission Grafica, Rodriguez hopes that the show will help carry that memory into the digital age. “We are bringing that spirit back of how powerful images have been in conveying a message, whether its for social change or propaganda.” Art is a form of activism that can have local and global impacts, said artist Jose Cruz, one of the exhibit’s organizers. The selected artists use a variety of media from silkscreening to woodwork, painting and etching, to address the issues they see in their own lives and communities.
“This is an effort to build community,” said Cruz. “Whatever happens in your community affects you, and whatever happens to you, affects your community.” Whether it be hunger, economic inequality, or social and political justice, the issues affecting communities in both nations are “almost identical,” said Cruz, adding that the art on display will help to depict these topics as part of the larger human experience. Cruz is a member of the Bay Area-based artist collective Talleres Populares de 28 de Junio, and alongside members of Mexico’s Escuela de Cultura Popular Martires del ’68, he launched the initiative to highlight the work of street artists inspired by activism in both countries. “There are so many people who are creating powerful art in the streets and haven’t had the chance to showcase it. So our idea was, ‘let’s bring the streets to the gallery,'” said Cruz.
The group of artists and graphic art collectives are part of diverse social movements in their respective countries, and with their reflections consciously channeled through their art work, make powerful statements on the societal impacts of corporate greed, immigration and homelessness. San Francisco artist Ronnie Goodman is one of the street artists whose work will be featured in the exhibition — his personal story with homelessness told through his paintings. “Ronnie used to live under a bridge,” said Cruz, pointing to a the sketch of a bridge in one of Goodman’s posters. “His work has so much soul in it because he has been through that experience. It’s a different feeling when you are trying to tell a story that you yourself are not a part of.”
Lurac, a Mexican artist based Sacramento, illustrates the military industrial complex in a printed poster of a skull on top of a military tank. “Many of the things that are happening in Mexico are because of the corporations in collaboration with the government — destroying the way of living of millions of people over there,” said Lurac. “My art references that the military industrial complex is only serving the pockets of the rich — and we are paying for it because we are so sold on this idea of the ‘American dream.'” The exhibit opens Saturday, January 16 through Saturday, February 13 at the Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts on 2868 Mission St. Regular gallery hours are Tuesday through Saturday, from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and general admission is $2.
Related
It's Official! 24th Street District is Calle 24 May 23, 2014In "24th Street" Snapshots and a Map of Mission Art Galleries June 26, 2015In "Art" New Galleries Find Niche in Mission District February 5, 2011In "Art" Sent by Dorinda Moreno |
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 Readers of Rudolfo Anaya's fiction know the lyricism of his prose, but most do not know him as a poet. In this, his first collection of poetry, Anaya presents twenty-eight of his best poems, most of which have never before been published. Featuring works written in English and Spanish over the course of three decades, Poems from the Rio Grande offers readers a full body of work showcasing Anaya's literary and poetic imagination.Although the poems gathered here take a variety of forms—haiku, elegy, epic—all are imbued with the same lyrical and satirical styles that underlie Anaya's fiction. Together they make a fascinating complement to the novels, stories, and plays for which he is well known. In verse, Anaya explores every aspect of Chicano identity, beginning with memories of his childhood in a small New Mexico village and ending with mature reflections on being a Chicano who considers himself connected to all peoples. |
The collection articulates themes at the heart of all Anaya's work: nostalgia for the landscape and customs of his boyhood in rural New Mexico, a deep connection to the Rio Grande, the politics of Chicanismo and satire aimed at it, and the use of myth and history as metaphor. Anaya also illustrates his familiarity with world traditions of poetry, invoking Walt Whitman, Homer, and the Bible. The poem to Isis that concludes the collection honors Anaya's wife, Patricia, and reflects his increasing identification with spiritual traditions across the globe. Both profeta and vato, seer and homeboy, Anaya as author is a citizen of the world. Poems from the Rio Grande offers readers a glimpse into his development as a poet and as one of the most celebrated Chicano authors of our time. Rudolfo Anaya is Professor Emeritus of English at the University of New Mexico and author of numerous books, including The Old Man's Love Story. Robert Con Davis-Undiano is Executive Director of World Literature Today magazine and Neustadt Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Oklahoma. |
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Luz Calvo argues that immigrants -- and Mexican-Americans, in particular -- should embrace the inexpensive and wholesome culinary traditions of their heritage, foods like homemade corn tortillas, beans and soups. Before the Spanish introduction of wheat, she noted, food in the Americas was gluten-free. She tells her students that a pot of beans, often dismissed as "a poor-person's food," is cheap and easy to make, an example of "food that has kept our families going through hard times for generation after generation." Her research led to a class on health and food justice at CSU East Bay and a similarly titled cookbook, co-authored with her partner, Catriona Rueda Esquibel: "Decolonize Your Diet: Plant-Based Mexican-American Recipes for Health and Healing." |
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HAYWARD -- For years, Maira Perez thought to be healthy she had to eat salad -- and certainly not the food her grandparents and parents grew up eating in Mexico. |
| Professor Luz Calvo teaches her Decolonize Your Diet: Food Justice in Communities of Color class at Cal State East Bay in Hayward, Calif., on Thursday,
Professor Luz Calvo teaches her Decolonize Your Diet: Food Justice in Communities of Color class at Cal State East Bay in Hayward, Calif., on Thursday, Dec. 3, 2015. Calvo, a breast-cancer survivor, teaches the ethnic studies class on the history of food in Latin America and encourages students to "decolonize" their diets and eat more healthy. She has also written a cookbook with recipes and the history and culture of food in Latin America: "Decolonize Your Diet." (Anda Chu/Bay Area News Group) ( ANDA CHU ) Calvo's class, "Decolonize Your Diet," is an exploration into the health and diet of Latinos -- recent immigrants as well as those who have adopted American customs and food tastes. Calvo's breast cancer diagnosis in 2006 caused her to look more closely at health disparities and risk factors for Latinos living in the United States. She reached a sobering conclusion: The American diet her family and others had adopted over the years -- heavy on preservatives, sugar, and fast and processed food -- "is bad for our health." Her research led to a class on health and food justice at CSU East Bay and a similarly titled cookbook, co-authored with her partner, Catriona Rueda Esquibel: "Decolonize Your Diet: Plant-Based Mexican-American Recipes for Health and Healing." http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_29347835/cal-state-professor-teaches-students-decolonize-your-diet |
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Lost Words from our childhood |
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America's Oldest Spanish-Language Newspaper Struggles
for Survival Pictures of diversity for early readers The Toltec Art of Life and Death by Don Miguel Ruiz Click to "Poems from the Rio Grande" by Rudolfo Anaya [Culture] Click to "Decolonize Your Diet" by Lus Calvo and Catriona Rueda Esquibel [Culture] Click to "From the Porch Steps" by Esther Bonilla Read [Texas] Click to "From Stilettos to the Stock Exchange" by Tina Aldatz [United States] |
America’s Oldest Spanish-Language Newspaper Struggles For SurvivalEl Diario/La Prensa lays off staff and cuts page count to stay alive,NEW YORK -- The country’s oldest Spanish-language daily newspaper, El Diario/La Prensa, began 2016 facing an uncertain future, as staff cuts and tensions between the union and the paper's owners compound an already difficult transition to the web. The paper’s steady decline has continued in the four years since Argentina’s La Nación, a leading conservative daily, bought El Diario’s parent company ImpreMedia, promising to pump new investment into the struggling institution and usher it into the digital age. But despite a multimillion-dollar cash injection, current and former employees describe a pessimistic atmosphere presided over by foreign managers unfamiliar with New York, who have redirected their coverage toward national news and have cut roughly three-quarters of the paper’s editorial staff since taking over. The company planned to announce another round of newsroom layoffs Friday. The former CEO of the paper, Francisco Seghezzo, told staff at a meeting last month that the print edition would likely cease to run, according to Oscar Hernandez, an employee in the paper’s advertising unit who belongs to the staff’s union. “You’re killing the very substance of information that’s been such a part of the community for so many years,” Hernandez told The Huffington Post. “Is this the downfall of a newspaper, or is it the downfall of a community?” But incoming CEO Gabriel Dantur, who started Jan. 4, says the print edition will keep running while the company rethinks its relationship with advertisers and searches for ways to boost revenue. He said, however, that the print edition would have to shed pages to cut costs. “The goal is to assure El Diario’s sustainability,” Dantur told HuffPost. “We’re aware these are difficult times. But a business that isn’t self-sustaining, unless it’s a charity, can’t be independent.” Dantur’s
mission will be difficult. El Diario/La Prensa’s financial problems
predate the La Nación purchase and reflect many of the same pressures
that shuttered metro dailies across the country over the last decade.
With
the rise of the Internet, the paper’s circulation plunged, along
with ad revenue. Paid circulation peaked at 80,000 in the late 1980s,
but had plummeted to less than half of that by the time La Nación
bought ImpreMedia in 2012, according
to Audit Bureau of Circulation data
cited by New American Media. And Dantur points out that La Nación pumped more than $20 million into ImpreMedia since the purchase four years ago. But despite an injection of new money and a web page redesign, the paper continued to struggle, leaving many in New York’s Latino community concerned about the future of the century-old institution. The paper’s already become irrelevant to a lot of people,” Angelo Falcón, the director of the National Institute of Latino Policy, told HuffPost. “There is no paper or mechanism that has replaced El Diario and the role that it played historically. It’s a big loss.” At the same time, a management viewed by the union and some former employees as imperious and disconnected from New York’s multiethnic and multicultural Latino community repeatedly butted heads with staff. The National Labor Relations Board found in 2014 that the new owners had violated the company’s collective bargaining agreement by illegally firing eight employees. An agreement between the union and management prohibited further layoffs until this year. Dantur acknowledged the tensions, but said they could be overcome with time and dialog. He described the cuts as “painful,” but noted that ImpreMedia has lost money for each of the four years that La Nación has owned it. It will come closer toward reaching a break-even point this year, he said. “Many people fail to understand that the responsibility of the management is to guarantee the survival of the company,” Dantur said. “A media outlet that has existed for 100 years is an institution. It carries in its DNA the mission of acting as a voice for a community. What we want is to keep it from disappearing.” With his previous contact with staff limited to quarterly visits to New York for board meetings, Dantur will have the benefit of building fresh relationships in the newsroom. But the beginning of his tenure will also be clouded by dismissing more staff shortly after taking over.
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Pictures of diversity for early
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Written by a tribally enrolled member of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of the Dakotas, S.D. Nelson's "Sitting Bull: Lakota Warrior and Defender of His People" (Abrams: 20 pp, $19.95, ages 8-12) is a faithful retelling of the life of one of the greatest Native American leaders of the 19th century. Told in the first-person voice of the warrior, chief and holy man, the narrative is decorated with period maps, photographs and authentic ledger book art using the same techniques that Plains Indians used on clothing, tepees, their animals and their own bodies. Even the death of Sitting Bull is depicted through this ledger art, and an afterword assures the reader that the Lakota people have survived despite all odds. |
Though Sitting Bull is best suited for students who are reading independently, Nelson's apt observation that "with hope in our hearts, we move forward into action… like the people of all nations, it is up to us to define ourselves in the twenty-first century" is an opportunity to discuss the promise of the future. Source of reviews: Pictures of diversity for early readers by Ebony Elizabeth Thomas Los Angeles Times, December 25, 2015 http://www.latimes.com/books/la-ca-jc-kids-books-20151220-story.html |
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In 2002, Don Miguel Ruiz suffered a near fatal heart attack that left him in a nine-weeks-long coma. The spirit The spiritual journey he undertook while suspended between this world and the next forms the heart of The Toltec Art of Life and Death, a profound and mystical tale of spiritual struggle. As his body lies unconscious, Ruiz’s spirit encounters the people, ideas, and events that have shaped him, illuminating the eternal struggle between life—unending energy and truth—and death—matter and subjective knowledge—in which we are all called to engage. |
| Over ten years in the making, The Toltec Art of Life and Death invites readers into the mind of a master of spiritual seeking, offering an unparalleled and intimate glimpse into the development of a soul. In this culmination of a lifetime's learning, Ruiz shares with readers the innermost workings of his singular heart and mind, and summons us to grapple with timeless insights, drawn from ancient Toltec wisdom, that are the essence of transformation. (less) |
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The
beloved teacher of spiritual wisdom and author of the phenomenal New York Times and international bestseller The Four
Agreements takes readers on a mystical Toltec-inspired personal journey, |
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| “Knowledge follows us everywhere, like a concerned friend or a persuasive lover. It’s the discreet noise in our head, whose meaning we think we understand. It asks that our ears ignore what we hear and our eyes deny what we see. It attempts to tell our hearts whom to love and what to hate. At its most intrusive, knowledge is a ruthless autocrat. It will abuse us and demand that we abuse others. One thought can take us far from our normal instincts and compassions. One idea can justify atrocities. It’s a simple thing to say that we are knowledge, swept from our own authenticity by words and meanings, but not so simple a thing to grasp, and to change. It’s challenging, of course, but faith in ourselves makes it possible, even inevitable.” | “Miguel,” he said, when he felt my defenses weakening, “the conflict you speak of exists in the human mind, and it is not actually a conflict between good and evil; it is a conflict between truth and lies. When we believe in truth, we feel good and our life is good. When we believe in things that are not true, things that encourage fear and hatred in us, the result is fanaticism. The result is what people recognize as evil—evil words, evil intentions, evil actions. All the violence and suffering in the world is a direct result of the many lies we tell ourselves.” Hardcover, 416 pagesPublished October 27th 2015 by HarperElixir |
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| Editor Mimi: I caught an interview of author Don Miguel on KLCS TV. His thesis was that each of us, is a life-artist, the creator of our own main character, which is us. He said the wisdom of the human artist is reflected in the beauty he/she creates with their life. |
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Don Miguel Ángel Ruiz (born 1952), better known as Don Miguel Ruiz, is a Mexican author of Toltec spiritualist and neoshamanistic texts.
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SHHAR February 13, 2016: Sylvia Mendez & Orange
County Landmark Desegregation Case SHHAR, 2016 calendar of speakers Soccer Sisters by Brian Whitehead She's Got Spear-It by Chris Haire, staff writer, The Garden Grove Journal, Nov 12, 2015 Latino Americans, Shared Orange County Heritage |
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February 13, 2016: |
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Sylvia Mendez,
daughter of Gonzalo and
Felicitas Mendez- defendants of the landmark school desegregation case Mendez
v. Westminster, was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on
February 15, 2011, for her tireless efforts to educate young people
about the desegregation movement and its vital role in the history of
the United States. The case, a class action lawsuit filed on behalf of
the more than 5,000 Mexican American students in Orange County, made
California the first state in the nation to end school segregation. The
Medal of Freedom is the nation's highest civilian honor. |
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SOCIETY OF HISPANIC HISTORICAL & ANCESTRAL RESEARCH P.O. Box 4911, Anaheim, CA 92803 All SHHAR monthly meetings are free, open to the public and held at the Orange Family History Center, 674 S. Yorba St., Orange, CA 92863 9:00-10:00 Hands-on Computer Assistance for Genealogical Research 10:00-10:15 Welcome and Introductions 10:15-11:30 Speaker and/or Special Workshop SHHAR meets monthly with open meetings, diverse Latino heritage, historical, and genealogical topics. NO membership requirements. January speaker for the SHHAR monthly meeting was Storyteller Ruth Hand, holding a copy of a painting of Marine Guy Gabaldon by Hector Godines. President Letty Rodella on the right. |
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February 13th March 12th April 9Th
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Veterans
November 12th December
12th For
additional information on SHHAR go to: ww.SHHAR.net
or shhar.com
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| Raena Ramirez said she wants to be one of the best javelin throwers in the state, a UCLA Bruin and potentially a criminal profiler for the FBI. But first, she has another job to do: be Miss Garden Grove. The 19-year-old Golden West College student, competing in her first pageant, was chosen out of nine other young women to be the 2016 Miss Garden Grove – a title that requires her to act as an ambassador for the city, attend multiple events and compete for Miss California in July. “It was absolutely shocking,” Ramirez said. “It was a huge moment for me.” Ramirez’s talent was jazz acro, which combines classical dancing with acrobatics. Her platform is about empowering women through sports; Ramirez placed seventh in javelin during this year’s California community college track and field tournament and also plays soccer for the Rustlers. Ramirez said she wanted to compete in Miss Garden Grove because she loves the city – her grandfather lived in town and her mom’s first job was for Garden Grove. |
“I go to the Strawberry Festival every year, but next year it will be even more special,” she said about representing the city at its largest fair. “Garden Grove is such a tight-knit community. I am so happy to be able to represent the city.” Ramirez, who said she is considering a career with the FBI, is majoring in psychology at Golden West and hopes to transfer to UCLA at the start of the 2016 school year. “I’m excited and nervous,” she said about vying for the Miss California crown in Fresno. “But more excited. It’s an incredible opportunity for me.” Jenna Tower, a 16-year-old junior at Pacifica High School, was chosen Saturday as this year’s Outstanding Teen – winning after her third attempt at the title. She is a competitor roller skater who performed “Footloose” on her wheels during the talent portion of the competition. Contact the writer: 714-704-3707 or chaire@ocregister.com
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| Only two girls on the pitch know what the hand gestures, head nods and looks mean. Garden Grove High cousins Kassandra Herrera and Giselle Betancourt are more than a decade into their soccer careers, and since beginning their journey as 4-year-olds, they’ve remained teammates every step of the way. Their synergy cannot be bought. Their intuition borders on frightening. Herrera and Betancourt often communicate without saying a word. They do that plenty during games, when others require leadership and direction. But, the most meaningful expressions occur before the whistle. “We both play for the same purpose,” Betancourt said. “We both play for our grandpa.” Herrera’s mother and Betancourt’s mother are sisters, and more than two years ago, their father died in a car accident. Herrera and Betancourt remember their grandfather loving soccer, coaching Betancourt’s father and other adults in local recreational leagues. The accident happened in September of their sophomore year, just before the start of soccer season. They shared the grief, and began praying together before games. “We’d look at each other after wins,” Herrera began. “And we’d know who they were for,” Betancourt finished. The girls played soccer recreationally when they first started; Herrera, a goalie, Betancourt, a midfielder. Tough to believe now, but at one point they towered over their peers. They were playing club in no time, for a team based in Anaheim. Companionship made the schedule easier: the travel, the practices, the pressure. Both girls said they ate, slept and breathed soccer. Herrera grew tired of the inactivity and eventually moved out of goal, joining her cousin in the field. They began living together in sixth grade, and their kinship evolved into something more. “We didn’t have to say anything to each other on the field,” Betancourt said. “We could look at each other and know where to go.” Though Herrera stopped playing club soccer before high school, she and Betancourt arrived at Garden Grove as a package deal of sorts, giving then-first-year Argonauts coach Rebekah Norton her midfield of the future. Norton promoted her two newcomers to varsity, and said their confidence and knowledge of the game compensated for their lack of high school experience. Not many freshmen come ready to go, Norton said. “They took people on.” Herrera remembers being a bit intimidated by her peers that first year. Betancourt called it “scary” at times playing with and against letter winners three-to-four years her senior. But both girls started immediately, and Garden Grove began its ascent. “They’ve always been leaders; the first at practice and last-to-leave type,” said Norton, who missed the playoffs in her first year as coach, but qualified for and won a game in her second. “They take ownership, and work the hardest of anyone, at any drill. ... Their leadership helped catapult us to where we are now.” Herrera, Betancourt and Norton have the rapport required of midfielders and coaches. The girls see things others don’t, Norton said, and if it’s not Herrera setting up a teammate in the attacking third, it’s Betancourt. No movement of theirs is wasted, and their passion comes through in how aggressively they play. Herrera would love to be as sure of herself as her cousin, and Betancourt can’t fathom having Herrera’s motor. Norton grants both girls the freedom to create for others, trusting them to make decisions when there’s little room for error. Herrera and Betancourt are extensions of Norton, and the standards they’ve set these past three-plus years will transcend classes. “They embody everything a student-athlete stands for,” Norton said. “Ask kids around campus, and they know Kassandra and Giselle. I can’t imagine them not being here. I’ve coached here for four years, so it’s like my cycle with them is ending as well.” Garden Grove lost to eventual champion Grace Brethren, 8-1, in last year’s CIF-SS Division 7 semifinals, the program’s furthest postseason run. Herrera and Betancourt received first-team All-Garden Grove League laurels, and Betancourt was voted All-CIF. They are two of 15 returning letter winners, and team captains. Betancourt is playing with a partially torn ACL, which she suffered her freshman year. She’ll have surgery after the season, but will play through the pain in this final year with her soccer sister. Herrera admires her cousin's grit. "I love playing with her," she said. Contact the writer: 714-704-3790 or bwhitehead@ocregister.com Orange County Register/Garden Grove Journal, December 17, 2015 |
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The
House of Aragon, Chapter 15, The College Years, by Michael S. Perez 30,000 Pray for Peace during 84th annual Our Lady Of Guadalupe procession in East LA From South LA to Venice Beach, SPARC is restoring history. Insurgency: 1968 Aztec Walkout by Victor Gonzalez: Chapter 12, Walkouts are Firme L. A.'s Alley Galleries: About 80 artists from around the world helping turn "blight into bright" |
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The
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You
can read the book in its fullness on your I-Pad at:
http://www.amazon.it/The-House-Aragon-English-Edition-ebook/dp/B008PK2E3S If you do not have an I-Pad, you can read the chapters from the Somos Primos homepage, we will be adding them with the chapter introductions. Go tohttp://somosprimos.com/michaelperez/michaelperez.htm Michael Brakefort-Grant is a Pen name for Michael S. Perez. If you would like to contact Michael, please contact me. 714-894-8161 ~ Mimi
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| EAST LOS ANGELES (CBSLA.com) December 6,
2015
— A massive crowd — estimated to number 30,000 — prayed for peace, mourned, danced and shed tears during the 84th annual Our Lady Of
Guadalupe procession in East LA.
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The funding SPARC has been awarded from DCA covers 20% of the Neighborhood Pride murals that need restoration. Help SPARC restore all 105 Neighborhood Pride murals. Support our continued efforts to restore history. To learn more about the CityWide Mural
Program visit: http://sparcinla.org/citywide-mural-program
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ART
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Chapter 12, Walkouts are Firme |
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One afternoon, in February, a member of our UMAS group, informed me that his primo, David Hooper, a student at Gladstone High, had mentioned something about going to visit the University of California at Santa Barbara with other students. To find out how our UMAS students could also visit college campuses, I made a special trip to see Mr. Toledo at Gladstone High School. "Buenas tardes" I said upon entering his classroom. "Well, well, well. It's you again," said Mr. Toledo, sounding as if I needed some kind of a lecture. |
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| "Que hice ahora?" I asked. "Well, I think you and your companeros at Azusa High might have had a big part in it." "What in the world are you talking about?" "Don't you know that Adolph Solis was appointed to a seat on the Azusa Unified School District Board of Education last week?" "Chak, I never expected that a Xicano would be appointed to the seat," I said. "But how does that relate to us? I have never heard of this Solis person." "Do you remember the first time I met you? You came in as I was talking to Mr. Petri. We were discussing the possibility of the AFT (American Federation of Teachers) of Azusa supporting a candidate for the position on the board since we had heard that someone was resigning. "I personally believe that your UMAS activities are still making headway. The way you fit in the scheme of things is simple. When you and your classmates pulled off that walkout in December demanding more Xicano teachers and administrators, the school district officials became concerned. They knew that an opening would be available due to the resignation of one of its members. |
Instead of creating a search committee to appoint a gringo to the open seat on the board, the board acted quickly before a community group could organize around the cause to demand Xicano representation." "So what you're saying is that UMAS represents an internal threat to the district?" "You hit the nail right on the head," said Mr. Toledo. "As long as you continue to be an organized force there will be a fear of more student unrest. In other words, unrest by students implies poor administration, and poor administrators must be replaced, beginning with the top dogs. "All of a sudden we learned that Adolph Solis had been appointed to the Board of Education. I believe Dayton Dickey, the superintendent, was afraid that you would direct your energy toward him and would charge him with discrimination had he not appointed a Xicano to the board. You know quite well that, for years the gringos had always appointed their friends to the board when an opening was available. Everybody, including their grandmothers, would always apply and would do anything to get the appointed position. |
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========================================================================== "To change the topic, I recently spoke with Mr. Dickey, and he asked about you. Apparently, you had spoken with him last month. He was asking me what I knew about your activities and your connections to the Los Angeles-area militants. He was concerned that you may be involving yourself with the wrong people. |
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| "I told him that I knew very little. I did tell him that you
were quite a capable firebrand type of leader. One who was very bright
and well organized." I replied, "I did talk to Mr. Dickey. I told him un chingo de cosas. I distinctly remember telling him he could count on me being active as long as discrimination was rampant and obvious. "I also told him that the educational playing field was not level; that an easy solution to leveling the field would be to shut the school down so that gringos and Xicanos could not learn. In jest, I even suggested that another option would be to burn the school down, rebuild it, and start all over. "I also informed him that students from Azusa High School wanted to see more Xicano teachers on campus and suggested that he quit recruiting teachers for our district from the Midwest. Some of the racist teachers on campus had come from that part of the country. I also told him that we were prepared to act again if the overtly racist teachers were not transferred to another school. In the end, I reminded him that his staff lacked Xicano representation and I stressed that the Azusa Unified School District Board of Education had never had a Xicano representative since it was established. |
"You know, by what you have just told me regarding Adolph Solis, I now feel happier than ever that we carried out the walkout. If that's the only concrete change that the walkout has produced, I would have to argue that the walkout has been a complete success. It's good to know that we have a superintendent like Mr. Dickey who saw an injustice and acted swiftly to correct it. "By the way, I came over to see if you know of any Xicano college students who would be willing to come to our meetings. There are a number of juniors at our school inquiring about visiting college campuses, and there are others who are seeking more information on financial assistance." "In the next few months we are planning to take some students to USC, UCLA, UCSB, UCR, and other colleges. What I can do is call you a few days beforehand and find out if some of your students are interested in attending the college that we will be visiting," replied Mr. Toledo. As I was about to exit the room, a group of Ra^a students entered the classroom. Mr. Toledo introduced me to Kathy Garcia, Cathy Chavarria, Louis Salgado, David Hooper, Lou Pedroza, and several other students. |
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A consensus was reached that an DMAS chapter would be established on the Gladstone High School campus the following school year. As I got into my ranfla on my way to work at Arby's, I thought to myself,
walkouts are firme, especially when concrete changes take place.
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| The Spanish-French duo known as Dourone created a black-and-white portrait of a face staring from infinity as part of L.A. artist Jason Ostro's Alley Project. (Christina House / For The Times).
Jason Ostro walks the narrow alleyways off Beverly Boulevard near downtown L.A. and beams at the explosion of color around him. Until recently, these passages were strewn with litter, discarded mattresses and rusty bikes.
Bright colors and whimsy predominate in a piece completed by artist John Park for the Alley Project, taking place in locations off Beverly Boulevard. (Christina House / For The Times)
Andrea LaHue, also known as Random Act, works on a piece inspired by the South American jaguar because of its spiritual quality. (Luis Sinco / Los Angeles Times)
Jason Ostro walks past work by artist Jules Muck. (Christina House / For The Times)
Jules Muck paints a tabby cat with angel's wings. (Luis Sinco / Los Angeles Times)
Andrea LaHue explains her animal-themed mural. |
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Ballad of the Paniolo On the slopes of
Mauna Kea, Hawaii's cowboys, developed a culture all their own by Samir S. Patel February 25-27, 2016: Conference of California Historical Societies, Spring Symposium Mariano Vallejo Timeline A Juaneño memorial and mystery in Los Rios Park by Kathleen Luppi Margaret Cruz, died 2015, La Ballona Rancho Mission Mural Honors Legacy of Chata Gutierrez Heritage Discover Museum, Rancho El Sueno |
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Ballad of the Paniolo On the slopes of Mauna Kea, Hawaii's cowboys developed a culture all their own by Samir S. Patel based on training by Hispanic cowboys from the Mexican territory of Alta California |
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| John Palmer Parker, a young sailor who jumped ship in Hawai'i in 1815, founded Parker Ranch after he became the first authorized cattle hunter appointed by King
Kamehameha. |
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| Around
1830, more and better horses arrived, and native governor of the
island Kuakini improved the roads. Business connections with the
mainland made the hide and tallow trades increasingly profitable. The
monarchy invited experienced Hispanic cowboys from the Mexican territory
of Alta California, men with names such as Joaquin Armas, Miguel
Castro, and Frederico Ramon Baesa, to round up cattle more
effectively. These cowboys, or vaqueros, figure prominently
in the history of ranching across North America. Unlike the bullock
hunters, they came on horseback and didn't shoot cattle; the blasts
scared other cows and bullet holes decreased the value of hides.
The vaqueros
lassoed 'em, hamstrung 'em, and finished the job later. If the
first bullock hunters provided the genealogical roots many paniolo,
their skills and style came from vaqueros. |
This
community inherited from the vaqueros braided lariats, adorned saddles,
bright ponchos, long spurs, bandanas, and floppy wide-brimmed hats. The
island cowboys even took their name from Spanish. "I just love that
'paniolo,' which means 'Espanol' or 'Spaniard,' can come to mean
'Hawaiian,'" says Mills. But they also maintained and adapted
Hawaiian traditions, and incorporated cultural influences from around the world. One can imagine the paniolo working in uncomfortable, isolated places, sharing danger, camaraderie, and ideas—all adding up to "a new version of what being a cowboy is," says Ben Barna, who worked on a paniolo site for his Ph.D. at the University of Nevada, Reno. The transition
from the monarchy to Western-style land ownership in 1848 opened
the way to the construction of more traditional ranches and lowland
plantations. By the 1850s, there were 12,000 wild cattle and 8,000 tame
cattle on the mountain, fetching between $1.00 and $1.25 a hide. The
Gold Rush, the whaling industry, and new plantation laborers made beef a
more important and valuable commodity. |
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| In 2008,
a celebration was held in Hawaii, the 100th year celebration of the 1908
Cheyenne Contest in which the Hawaii paniolos. Ikua Purdy, Jack Low and Archie Kaaua traveled to Cheyenne for the Frontier Days Rodeo. They were bothered by the cold and drew looks of curiosity for their slouched hats, colorful hatbands, bright shirts and the language they spoke.
Still, Purdy changed everything in just 56 seconds — the time it took him to rope his steer and win the championship. Low came in third and Kaaua placed sixth.
"That really put the Hawai'i paniolo on the map," Bergin said. "From a standpoint of pride, Purdy was our Babe Ruth." |
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This undated photo shows Ikua Purdy, who became Hawai'i's most famous paniolo when he won the steer roping championship at the 1908 Cheyenne Frontier Days Rodeo in Cheyenne, Wyo. |
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Information Extracted
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Spring Symposium 2016San Juan Capistrano and Surrounding CommunitiesThursday, February 25, 2016-Saturday, February 27, 2016 |
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Revisit the beauty of the Golden State through the permanent exhibit devoted to late TV legend Huell Howser at Chapman University. The exhibit includes images, text and artifacts, including snippets of his editing notes and a recreation of his office. |
Saturday,
February 26,2016, tour Los Rios District |
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Known as the “Jewel of the Missions”, Mission San Juan Capistrano was founded by Father Serra in 1776. Join us for a tour of the museum rooms, exhibits, gardens and more with experienced docents, while learning about California’s early history. |
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Dinner
with Richard Duree and the Living History Group |
Tiburcio Vasquez was a famed California bandito during the latter half of the 1800s. Mr. Duree, dressed as Vasquez would have been, will bring life to his misdeeds and travels. |
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| Registration Information Early Bird Member price All Days: $240 Friday Only: $190 Saturday Only: $175 Early Bird Non-Member price All Days: $265 Friday Only: $215 Saturday Only: $200 Early bird registration deadline: January 31, 2016 RSVP TODAY! |
Hotel Accommodations Information: Best Western Capistrano Inn 949-493-5661 27174 Ortega Hwy., San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675 To Make a Reservation Reference: CCHS or Conference of California Historical Societies Emily O'Brien info@californiahistorian.com (909) 480-3964 For more information visit our website |
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| Bold,
well-educated, tolerant and hospitable, Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo saw
three nations rule California during his lifetime. He was among the
first of the leading "Californios," or California Mexicans, to
embrace American control of the state — and was all but wiped out
financially as a result.
Born into a wealthy Monterey family in 1808, when California still was under Spanish rule, Vallejo became a Mexican army officer and led several victorious expeditions against California Indians. Even though he rose to become military commander of Northern California, Vallejo was critical of the autocratic Mexican government. He supported the idea of an independent California, and saw the area's "liberation" during the Mexican War as a welcome change. Despite this, Vallejo was imprisoned at Sutlers' Fort by Gen. John C. Fremont for several months during the fighting, and lost hundreds of thousands of dollars in damage to his estates.
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After the war, Vallejo was one of a handful of Californios to become a delegate to the constitutional convention, and later was elected to the state Senate, Like most other Californios, however, Vallejo's claim to vast land holdings was washed away by the flood of 49ers. By the time he died in 1890, he was left with a modest 200-acre ranch near Sonoma. But he did not die bitter. "The inhabitants of California," he wrote in his memoirs, "have no reason to complain of the change of government, for if the rich have lost thousands of horses and cattle, the poor have been bettered in condition." http://www.calgoldrush.com/profiles/pro_vallejo.html |
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| July 7, 1808 (or July 5,
1807). The eighth of thirteen children, Mariano was born to Maria
Antonio Lugo and Ignacio Vallejo in Monterey, the provincial capitol
of Alta (Upper) California. His father, a leather jacket soldier,
escorted Junipero Serra to San Francisco in 1776 and later worked as
an engineer on irrigation projects.
1818. When the pirate, Bouchard, sacked Monterey, Mariano fled inland with his mother and siblings. His father and older brother remained behind to defend the capitol. Governor Sola mentored the young Vallejo, providing him with a role model for solid leadership, liberalism, and sophistication. He was tutored in English, French, and Latin by the Englishman, William Hartnell and worked as Hartnell's clerk and bookkeeper. 1822 -1826. Vallejo served as personal secretary to Governor Arguello; entered military service as a cadet at Monterey; and became a member of the territorial legislature. 1829. Vallejo defeated a large force of Miwok Indians at Indian Mission Estanislao (Stanislaus). 1832. He married Francisca Benicia Carrillo after waiting two years for official approval. They were to become the parents of 16 children and at least two adopted children (Vallejo's illegitimate children). Around this time, he received the ten-league grant, Rancho Petaluma. and the four-league, Rancho Suisun. He later acquired Rancho Yulupa, Agua Caliente, Rancho Temelec, Entre Napa, Rancho Soscol, and an eight-league grant in Mendocino County. His land acreage (175,000 acres) was comprised of gifts, purchases, and awards for services or debts owned him. 1833. Vallejo became Military Commandant of the San Francisco Presidio. 1834. Missions were secularized and Vallejo was appointed administrator of the Sonoma Mission, San Francisco de Solano. At his own expense, he outfitted and fed the Mexican troops at Sonoma for the next ten years. He began building his new home, La Casa Grande, on the Sonoma plaza. 1835. Vallejo became director of colonization (the only person empowered to grant land) in the Northern frontier. 1836. He was promoted to Commandant General of the "Free State of Alta California" after a revolt against California's Governor. 1841. Although prohibited by Mexican law, Vallejo reluctantly welcomed the first American immigrants to travel overland to California. 1842. Believing they were at war with Mexico, Captain Thomas Jones, U.S. Navy, hoisted the U.S. flag over the capitol of Monterey. After apologies were made for the illegal "seizure", Vallejo entertained Jones at Sonoma. 1844. As Californios squabbled over political control, Vallejo dismissed his troops at Sonoma and remained neutral. June 10, 1846. Bear Flag Revolt. Vallejo was arrested in his own home by American frontiersmen. After signing articles of capitulation, Mariano and his brother Salvador (and others) were jailed for two months at Sutler's Fort. The Bear Flag was raised at Sonoma, signifying the separate Republic of California. Less than a month later it was replaced with the Stars and Stripes. Vallejo's health was seriously jeopardized during his imprisonment and much of his personal property stolen. January 13, 1848. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed and California was ceded to the U.S. Prior to ratification, the U.S. Senate would strike out the article dealing with Mexican land grants. 1849. Vallejo was a delegate to the state constitutional convention and elected state senator. At the convention he promoted: permitting Indians to vote: making slavery illegal in California; allowing wives to hold separate property, both real and personal 1850's. Vallejo donated a five square mile tract of land for development of a port at Benicia and donated 156 acres for a state capitol at Vallejo (originally proposed to be named "Eureka"). He offered $370,000 for construction of public buildings (including a university, governor's mansion, capitol building, orphanage, and insane asylum). The Vallejo family moved to a new home in Sonoma, Lachryma Montis (Tear of the Mountain). 1853. Benicia became the state capitol, but in 1855 Sacramento became the state capitol, disheartening Vallejo. 1855. Vallejo is granted only $48,700 of the $117,875 in claims against the US government for damages incurred during the war with Mexico. Meanwhile his lands were occupied by squatters, some milking his cows in the middle of the night! 1862. U.S .Supreme Court overturned a lower court's confirmation of Vallejo's 80,000 acre Soscol land grant. To make financial ends meet, Francisca sold produce to a local hotel. Most of their income would come from the water company that supplied the town of Sonoma. 1866. Vallejo lost ownership of his home in Sonoma and had to pay rent to remain. Several years later, son-in-law John Frisbie, Vallejo's power of attorney and mismanager of Vallejo's funds, purchased Lachryma Montis and deeded it to Francisca. 1867. Vallejo's former home, La Casa Grande, burned to the ground, taking with it his original five-volume manuscript, History of California . Vallejo became an honored guest or speaker at most public events but declined an offer to run for Lt. Governor; he visited native Californios and collected their reminiscences for Hubert H. Bancroft; he learned sign language so that he could communicate with students at a school for the handicapped; and he commissioned artists, such as, Oriana Day, to depict California history and the mission era. January 18, 1890. Vallejo died at Sonoma. His only remaining property |
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| A shrine built by descendants of the Juaneno Band of Mission Indians, Acjachemen Nation, adorns a park in the Los Rios Street Historical District in San Juan
Capistrano, [Southern California.] (Don Leach / Weekend) Kathleen Luppi Kathleen LuppiContact Reporter The makeshift memorial in San Juan Capistrano has been tended for five years, unlike those casually erected, though heartfelt, street-side tributes that emerge and are usually dismantled not long after the terrible tragedy they are meant to mark. This tragedy, if that is what it was, happened five years ago. And it is not immediately clear from the site or from talking with neighbors exactly why it was erected. "Medicine Man" and "Love" painted on rocks. A burned incensed stick. An image of a dreamcatcher. Fake flowers, photographs and feathers. This is what the site gives up, these clues. Then a picture with a name: Bobby Banda, shaman. Who is he and what happened to him? And why do people continue to mourn the apparent loss and maintain this heart-shaped marker, which is no larger than a small garden plot — maybe 2 yards from top to bottom? Los Rios Historic District The answers aren't immediate, but when they come they shed light on the Juaneño Band of Mission Indians, who reside throughout Orange County but have a notable presence in San Juan Capistrano. The Juaneños are the original inhabitants of the land that became Orange County, and they also dwelled in what is now San Diego, Los Angeles and Riverside counties. The tribe provided the manpower for construction of original landmarks in Orange County, including Mission San Juan Capistrano. Sometimes little changes at the memorial, which is in the city's Los Rios Historic District, and then something happens to freshen it up, the addition of a fresh bouquet of flowers tied to a red bandana, for instance. "I've lived here all my life, but it's a mystery to me because we don't know who he is," said Ester Ocampo, 19, who recently was walking by the memorial with her friend Stephanie Mora. Thom Coughran, interim public works and utilities director for San Juan Capistrano, said the city is aware of the memorial but is not clear about who constructed it. He said is not aware of any plans to have it taken down, even though it is on city-owned property, Los Rios Park. As he stepped onto the park, where sycamore trees hovered over picnic tables and a trellis lushly covered in grape vines shaded benches, Nathan Banda glanced at the buildings that housed his ancestors hundreds of years earlier. Today, the area is a tourist attraction. That isn't bad, he figures, if the Juaneño heritage is being preserved. Consider that although the language, rituals and other practices are often passed on to new generations, the tribe has largely merged with European settlers and culture. And although there is a Juaneño office in the city, the tribe does not have official federal recognition and all that that might confer. Members have pointed to occasional divisions within the tribe and ineffective leadership. The Los Rios Historic District, near Mission San Juan Capistrano and across the railroad tracks from the train depot, is the oldest continually occupied neighborhood in the state. Its more than 30 buildings include three adobe homes built in the late 1700s for mission families.
Most of the dwellings are private residences. Others provide specialty retail, restaurant and commercial services. Some are both, a combination of money-making ventures and housing, an interesting and unique meld in a county where many communities draw clear distinctions with strict housing regulations. |
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Margaret Cruz was from the
land grant owners of La Ballona Rancho's of Talamantes and Machado's. Who rec'd the
land grant from the Inglewood line, north to WLA to Santa Monica,
Pacific Palisades, all the way to Malibu, and back south along the coastline, to Playa Del
Rey, back the Inglewood line. Southern California][It included Culver City area. The families were all born on the
land grant and had their portions here. .Margaret was still living on the
land grant when she died, and so am I, except all but 15 years of my life that I spent in Simi Valley. then moved back home here, since 1964.Not to leave again. My grandma lived to be 97, she was Margaret's aunt by marriage. |
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Her name was Felipa F.Yorba, daughter of O. Vicente Yorba, first family, son of Bernardo, who was the son of Jose Antonio Yorba the original landgrant owner in Santa Ana. Felipa chose to marry a La Ballona landgrant owner's son, she was Tomasa
Talamantes. and my grandma met her son and came to live here and died here. She was a grand daughter to Bernard Yorba and a Felipa Dominguez. Her father was O. Vicente Yorba, owner of the Yorba /Peralta landgrant, she was also a Peralta, her Grandpa was Rafael Peralta, her mother was his daughter eldest daughter, Marrianna, there in Santa Ana. My Yorba Grandma was Born on the Santa Ana land grant, and in 1892, right after the wedding they came to Culver city on the train to La Ballona Rancho, to never leave again and raised 11 children. Her husband was Juan Farias son of Jose Farias and mother Tomasa Talamantes of La Ballona Rancho Landgrant area. all generations born here in CA. A proud heritage thank you for asking. Love. Eva Booher EVABOOHER@aol.com picture of Margaret Cruz, . . . . a cuz |
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The "Chata" mural, in
memory of KPOO radio host Micaela "Chata"
Gutierrez, |
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As local musicians, poets, housing advocates, and community members joined forces in commemorating one of the Mission District’s most beloved voices this Saturday, Carlos “Kookie” Gonzalez stood among his peers before a colorful mural at 24th and South Van Ness Streets, carefully observing his work. “This mural is a stance against big business and big money,” the local muralist and retired juvenile probation officer said during the mural’s unveiling, which also served as an anti-displacement rally. “It greets the techies coming off BART into their new luxury apartments in the Mission, and for those of us who are still here, it portrays everything that ‘Chata’ represented in this community.” Gonzalez referred to Micaela “Chata” Gutierrez, the woman depicted in the new mural on a wall facing west at the corner of 24th and South Van Ness. It overlooks a lot where, throughout the course of the day, people of all ages stopped to protest evictions, partake in a community concert, and honor Gutierrez by dancing rumba under her portrait. Short haired, with glasses and a tight smile, the popular radio host and DJ was a local hero who died in 2013 after a decade-long battle with liver cancer. “Chata was always willing to help out — she was there for the community and opened up the station to talk about issues that affected us, such as police brutality, unemployment, education,” said Gonzalez about the influential radio personality who, for more than 40 years, worked as an activist and exposed generations of listeners to salsa, Latin Jazz, and rumba through her show “Con Clave” on KPOO 85.5 FM. “At the same time she played the baddest salsa,” said Gonzalez. “I’ve been hearing her voice throughout my life as a young man coming up in the Mission District, and she was a true inspiration to so many of us.”
“She was totally, totally against the fundraiser — because she thought that the community didn’t owe her anything,” said Gil Medina, a longtime friend of Gutierrez. “I thought that was selfish, because she gave herself above and beyond to her community. It took two weeks to convince her to participate.” “When we found out she was sick, we knew we had to do something,” said Gonzalez, who was commissioned by Medina in 2009 to create a flyer for the fundraiser to support the DJ in her health struggle. The original flyer featured an image of Gutierrez surrounded by Rumba drummers with the Golden Gate Bridge as a backdrop. Carlos “Kookie” Gonzalez is
the artist behind the “Chata” mural. “People loved the flyer, it took a flight of its own,” said Gonzalez. “After the fundraiser, we turned it into a poster. And when Chata died, that poster became a template for her mural — at that time, I promised her family that I’d find a wall for her.” And with the help of some of Gutierrez’s friends as well as community leaders, he did. The 24th Street wall that Gonzalez was eyeing for the mural belonged to Virginia Ramos, better known as the “Tamale lady.” After promising to plug her business (Gonzalez incorporated Ramos’ logo into the Chata Mural), Ramos gave him permission to place his mural on the side of her building. However, the muralist still lacked the necessary funding to go forward. “We needed about $10,000 for the project to cover supplies, permits, fees, and my salary,” said Gonzalez. A fundraising campaign on Rally.org organized by Medina yielded a mere $2,400 for the project. “Two years after Chata passed, we were still struggling to get that money.” It wasn’t until the winter of 2014 that the timing was finally right. Gonzalez was approached by Susan Cervantes of the Precita Eyes Muralists Association with a grant from the city commissioning four murals. “She had the money but needed a fourth wall. I had the wall, but not the money,” said Gonzalez. The collaboration paid for the supplies, scaffolding, and permits, and set the muralist up with a group of youth artists that helped him paint — although it was not enough pay Gonzalez. “That was a little sacrifice — but in the end, the mural was a labor of love.” After retiring from his job as a probation officer in May, Gonzalez was able to focus full-time on the mural, which took just three months to paint. “The kids tweaked the original design and really enhanced it — they made it more beautiful than it was before,” he said. “I added two Aztec gods to the top of each corner of the mural — I love my culture connecting to it through art,” said 20-year-old Jesus Rodriguez, who participated in the mural painting through a Precita Eyes youth art program. “Although I didn’t know Chata, I would have loved to meet her. She was a role model in the Mission because she spoke up for us.” Although the mural was completed in early September, the unveiling ceremony was set for October 10 to coincide with a rally in support of Prop. I, the November ballot measure proposing a moratorium on new developments in the Mission District. “Chata was very much about the preservation of our culture and promotion of our people and in the end, that’s what neighborhoods are about. This is a very critical election for San Francisco — with proposition I on the ballot among others, we are trying to preserve who we are as a city,” said District 9 Supervisor David Campos. “Money can’t buy everything, and it definitely can’t buy the history, people and culture of this community. The November election is about people over profits, and the celebration of Chata’s life is ultimately about that.” Sent by Dorinda Moreno
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NORTHWESTERN UNITED STATES |
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A Man Called Aita by Joan Errea |
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| "My father was called Aita." This is how Joan
Errea, author of a moving book about the hard life of his mother Marie (My Mama Marie) refers to his father. In another unpublished book, Joan takes us back to the years of his childhood and youth, when the Errea family struggled for making a life between the desert and the mountains of Nevada. It is also a moving story, though, unlike the story of his mother, this one is not a linear story: this time he preferred to tell his story through a few brief pictures that affect the life of a shepherd and rancher in the American West. Joan was happy in those snowy mountains, when he moved from one pasture to the next, lost among shepherds and large herds of sheep. So he tells us. When I read My Mama Marie I was impressed. While in my next trip to Nevada I decided to rent a car and go for a few days into the inhospitable places described in the book. Today there are but wild cats and rattlesnakes there. Hard to imagine the 18 year old boy looking nowhere with a suitcase in hand at the Currie train station, after an endless journey that had started at the village of Banka in the Northern Basque Country. Hard to imagine him working at the Currie Hotel in Eureka, or fighting with his mother in the kitchen of their Forest Ranch and tinkering with an old car whose body still remains today. The solitude of those places is impressive, then abandoned by the hand of God and now abandoned by the hand of man. But that place was a few decades ago a lively place. |
My trip to the sites referred to in the pages of his book ended in Winnemucca. There I met Joan Errea and could also greet John and Lianne
Iroz, Joan's son and daughter. I spent a very pleasant time at home, while Joan, full of energy, was showing me photos in his computer and spoke to me of Louis, her husband who had died in
Baigorri. When I was saying goodbye to her she told me that she had a present for me. And, among other things, he gave me a manuscript under the title A Man Called
Aita. I told her I would read it on the plane back home. So I did. The first thing that surprised me was the introduction: it was in English, but also in Basque, in the variety of Baigorri. Then came the pictures: the family members, cowboys, bear, coyote, bull, ranch, train, old car, ants, holidays, Christmas, the ranch, the adventures of children, etc. All this was in English. In view of the introduction I got in touch with her daughter Lianne and suggested her that she should encourage her mother to put everything in Basque. Lianne answered quickly: my mother and I did so a few years ago. And she sent to me the manuscript in Basque. When I read those pages I was astonished. It was a beautiful text, written in a very close and moving style. And, most surprising, it was written in verse. Some passages brought Lafontaine to my mind, and when he narrates the death of his father the verses of Jorge Manrique came to my mind. |
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| The merit of having written it in Basque is huge, considering that Joan was born in the US. When I read these texts aloud to several people, applause arises immediately. It is true that
it cannot be published as it is, since from the time when Joan's parents and husband departed from Baigorri the Basque language has changed and has been adapted to new records. And many of the events referred to Joan are difficult to understand if you have not read before
My Mama Marie. But with a good introduction, by arranging the spelling and with some footnotes, I'm sure many Basque readers will appreciate these pages written from the heart. Joan deserves her manuscript to be read. https://basque.unr.edu/books-new_books.html
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My Mama Marie By Joan Errea My Mama Marie is the loving, funny, moving, heartwarming, and sometimes heartbreaking story of Marie Jeanne Paris neé Goyhenetche. Marie Jeanne, raised in the Pyrenees village of Banca, came first to the lonely little town of Currie, Nevada. There she met Arnaud Paris, the author’s beloved Aita. Continuously faced with challenges, she not only persevered, but excelled in raising a family and building a life on the frontier. It is also the story of the author’s own childhood on ranches, in one-room schoolhouses, and at sheep camps. Includes a selection of Marie’s—a classically trained chef in the Basque Country and veteran of years of sheep camp cooking—recipes. |
The Center for Basque Studies at the University of Nevada, Reno held its First Literary Writing Contest in 2014. The contest was open to all quality nonacademic literary writing in English that had as it subject in some way the Basques, Basque culture, the life of the Basques around the world, or other Basque-related topics. For information, go to: http://hellabasque.com/center-for-basque-studies-literary-writing-contest/
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Border Angels Ghost Memories and New Mexico Folklore by Ray John de Aragon Images of America: Lincoln, New Mexico by Ray John De Aragon Trail Dust: Some Hispano Civil War heroes now forgotten Frontera NorteSur: History in an E-Box |
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Border Angels |
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Have a safe and peaceful new year. Enrique Morones enriquemorones@COX.NET
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When do we know when something is
real, or when something is imagined. I don’t think we can say
for certain. However, what I do know is that there was a
fascination with otherworldly spirits and the supernatural in New Mexico
dating from Spanish Colonial times. This fascination still exists
today. Many natives grew up with this intriguing folklore. I
was one of them. People loved to tell stories. Many of these
stories revolved around ghosts, witches, what they called bolas de
lumbre, which were balls of fire that signaled where a treasure was
buried, and other mysterious tales about creatures of the night.
Storytelling was the entertainment of the day. Imaginations ran
wild as storytellers acted out their exciting stories that were also
meant to teach lessons. The tales were richly embellished with
ancient dichos, or popular sayings such as “Sal de la casa y cuenta
lo que te pasa.” Leave home, and you will return telling
about what happened to you. They also said, “De la suerte y
la muerte no hay nadie quien se escape.” Of luck and death,
there is no one that escapes. My greatest luck was to have grown
up with this beautiful and wonderful folklore and to have been a part of
it.
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There are things in life that one
never forgets. There are things in death that one never forgets.
How can we explain when life ceases, but then it continues? I have many memories of my family
gathering at the dinner table late into the evening with relatives or
friends. The topic of conversation always drifted into ghost
stories. My parents had owned a two story house in Las Vegas,
New Mexico. It was supposed to have been haunted. It wasn’t until I was an adult
that I discovered basic facts about my father and this building they
called the House of Adlon. A German immigrant had settled in
Las Vegas at the turn of the twentieth century. His name was
Charles Adlon. He established the Adlon Iron Works in this
thriving town to provide Iron crosses, and iron enclosures for the
grave sites at the cemetery. He also produced Iron statues, and
iron hitching posts for the horses. He fancied himself at being
able to make whatever his customers desired. He had never
married, and at an advanced age it seemed as though he would never
marry. Then one day Charles Adlon met a
younger woman at his place of business. He was attracted by her
beauty. This woman was named Adelina Hays. She was a
photographer, and she was looking for places to photograph. The
iron foundry was a perfect place. Iron was being smelted and
poured, molds were in place, and the workers hurried from one project
to another. Adlon was a wealthy man. Adelina was enticing
so they soon married in 1921. At their wedding Charles Adlon
gave his young bride two choices. Either they would go on a trip
to Europe, or he would build her a new home. Adelina Hays Adlon
chose a new home so he built it for her. It was a two story
house on Hot Springs Boulevard. Here Adelina Adlon opened a
photography studio in one of the large rooms In time Adelina was pregnant, and
they had a son. Charles Adlon was, of course, overjoyed with the
birth of his child. But the happiness would be short lived.
Charles died in an upstairs bedroom. It wasn’t known how he
died. Adelina Adlon continued with her photography studio and
she raised her child. One day, My father, Maximo de Aragon,
walked into her studio to have his picture taken. She took
numerous photos of him. They said it was love at first sight.
He was only nineteen years of age and she was twenty seven, a much
older woman. My father became an insurance
agent so he traveled around selling for the Republic Insurance
Company. He often went out of the city to other areas. The
main office was in Denver, Colorado so at one time he had to go to a
training session there. He was anxious to get back home. When he
arrived at the house he couldn’t find his wife or stepson. He
asked neighbors and they informed him that she had been taken to the
hospital. He rushed to get there. When he finally got to
the hospital his young stepson was sitting crying in the waiting room.
Adelina Adlon had died from a ruptured appendix. The wake was held in one of the
rooms of the house. The casket remained open throughout the
night. The following day Adelina was buried at Mount Calvary
Cemetary right next to the resting
place of her first husband. According to my father, he and his
stepson went to bed late that night, and as he and the little boy layed
there, they talked. My father told him he would take care of him
and that there was no need to for him to worry. As they talked
and the boy said how much he missed his mother, there was a breeze,
and the curtains on a window near the foot of the bed moved.
They both looked, and my father claimed that Adelina Adlon was there
at the foot of the bed looking down at them. He said they both
quickly pulled the bedspread over their heads shivering in fear, and
that they did not uncover themselves until the morning when the sun
rose. He said he got up and went to check the window thinking it
was nothing but his imagination and that a wind gust had moved the
curtains, but the window was
locked. Many years later my father married
my mother. I remember that as a little boy I was afraid of that
house. I always felt that there was an unearthly presence in the
rooms. There was. My father had purchased a piano for my
sister and they placed it in our large living room. She often
practiced her piano playing and I many times sat next to her as we
both sang songs.
I recall that one day I went
shopping with our parents. My older sister stayed home alone.
When we arrived my father unlocked the door and when we entered my
sister came running. She was hysterical. She said that she
was in her bedroom upstairs when she heard the piano playing in the
living room. She wondered what that could be about so she went
downstairs to check. When she entered the room the piano playing
stopped. She left and went back up the stairs to her bedroom.
The piano playing started again. She stayed petrified in her
room until she looked out of her bedroom window and saw us arrive. Sometime later both my older
brother and sister were both sleeping on opposite beds in what my
parents converted into a very large bedroom. I remember sitting
in the kitchen eating my cereal while my father sat drinking his
coffee and reading his newspaper. My sister walked in got her
cereal bowl and sat down. My brother did likewise a few moments
later. My sister was the
first to get my father’s attention. She said, “Last night
something very strange happened.” She couldn’t catch her
breath. She was scared. “I woke up in the middle of the
night and when I opened my eyes and looked towards the bedroom
doorway, someone was standing there. I tried to wake up Junior,
but nothing would come out of my mouth. I tried to turn on the
light switch to the lamp next to my bed, but I couldn’t move my hand
I just prayed.” My brother, who had been quietly listening
than said, “ You know, I woke up I the middle of the night.
I also saw someone standing at the doorway, but then whatever it was
disappeared when the sunlight started coming up.” My father
then asked, “What did the person look like?” both my sister
and brother described a man wearing a dark suit with a top hat, and a
very thin long face. After this my father didn’t say a
thing. He left the room and returned a few minutes later.
He carried an old shoe box. After opening it he thumbed through
papers and photos. He took out a picture and handed it to them.
We all looked at it. I looked over their shoulders. My
father asked, “Is this the man you saw?” they both said,
‘Yes, that’s him!” My father then told us, “that’s
Charles Adlon the man who died here.” There were many stories that were
told of Charles Adlon. It was said that his spirit roamed for
certain periods of time throughout the house. Others had seen
him ,or had experienced his presence. My mother had said that
when one of my aunts had stayed in the house by herself, that when she
and my father had returned they couldn’f find her. My father
finally found her hiding under a bed, clinging on to the box spring in
fright. She had seen the ghost in the day time. My mother said that she never saw
the spirit, but that strange things had happened to her. Once
she was washing dishes in the kitchen. She was the only one in
the house. As she washed the dishes she heard furniture moving
in the dining room and dishes clattering in the china cabinet.
When she went to check, the sounds stopped. She was certain it
was just her imagination. When she continued washing dishes
after a few minutes the sounds started again. This time she left
the house and waited for my father outside. When he arrived, he
checked the whole house, but found nothing. My favorite story was one told
personally to me by my father. He said that once there had been
a bully the had lived near our home. This bully would neglect
his family, walk to the plaza , and drink and carouse until he was
drunk. He would pick on everyone. On his return one night
he had to travel through an alley behind our home. As he walked
through there he saw a man standing there leaning against the wall,
staring at him. This man asked who he was, but there was no
response. He asked again, “tell me who you are, or I’ll
shoot.” The bully pulled out a pistol he always carried with
him. After repeated questions, he took shots at the silent man
until he emptied the pistol. The man didn’t move, he just
stood there and stared. My father said the bully threw his
pistol, and went running home.
This bully changed his life.
He was kind to everyone from then on,
and cared for his family. As I grew a little older I learned
that the house, according to folklore, had been built over a cemetery.
Always curious I dug into the earth next to the house and found bones,
buttons, pieces of cloth. I wanted to find out for myself.
I checked the attic and found handprints
on the adobe bricks. I looked through every single crawl
space with a flash light. I discovered a couple of paintings
hidden away in a dark corner. When I pulled them out my father
said that those had been painted by Charles Adlon’s sister, Emma
Adlon. I found a photo of my father’s stepson from his first
wife. He had grown, married, and had moved from town long ago.
My father looked at it and said, “You know he saw his father in the
bedroom he had slept in. there was a time when he woke up and a
man was standing at the doorway. When this man moved towards him
he said, “I’m Darren Adlon, son of Charles Adlon, who are you?
Interestingly, he said that the person left the room. The next
day Darren went to the cemetery and prayed over his father’s grave.
He packed up his things and moved out of the house and left town
he told me he would never return.” I only had one personal experience
with this spirit. I woke up one night and I felt someone was in
the room. I knew that whomever or whatever it was meant to harm
me. After a minute it disappeared and I was relieved. The
following day in the kitchen my mother told us, ‘I had a very
strange thing happen to me last
night. I heard footsteps on the stairway. We had our
bedroom door opened so I saw a shadow stop at our doorway. Then
I saw this man with a lighted up face. I tried to wake up your
father, but he wouldn’t wake up so I prayed. It moved towards your bedroom,”
she told me. “I prayed harder, then I saw it pass by again and then
I heard footsteps. Then the strangest thing. I heard a loud
bang where we have a painting of the crucifixion hanging. My
parents contacted the pastor at our church to do an exorcism at the
house. I remember him chanting and going from one room to the
other sprinkling Holy Water. But the appearances continued.
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The Images of America
series is an excellent series of history books, predominantly made up
of photos, with captions on each photo, focused on a town or city. |
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Images of America |
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| The town of Lincoln is nestled in the lush green valley of the Rio Bonito in Southeastern New Mexico. It lies on US Route 380 about 57 miles west of Roswell and south of the Lincoln National Forest. Lincoln has been a National Landmark since 1960, and historians often refer to it as the most authentic Old West town remaining in the United States. Spanish settlers arrived i ...more The town of Lincoln is nestled in the lush green valley of the Rio Bonito in Southeastern New Mexico. It lies on US Route 380 about 57 miles west of Roswell and south of the Lincoln National Forest. Lincoln has been a National Landmark since 1960, and historians often refer to it as the most authentic Old West town remaining in the United States. |
Spanish
settlers arrived in the area during the 1840s. By the 1860s, Lincoln
served as a supply center for local ranches, mines, and nearby Fort
Stanton. Lincoln merchants vied for lucrative government contracts, and
the famous Lincoln County War erupted. As a result, Lincoln holds a
unique place in American history, connected with the names of Lew
Wallace, Billy the Kid, Sheriff Pat Garrett, and John Chisum. Seventeen historic buildings and four museums highlight the town as well as an annual folk pageant, The Last Escape of Billy the Kid, held since 1949. |
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Introduction
Few other towns in the Old West have captured the public imagination as much as Lincoln, New Mexico. The area the town sits on was first the home of the Piros Indians. Next, Hispanic sheepherders from as far away as Socorro, Belen, Mesilla, and other parts of New Mexico grazed their large flocks of sheep on the lush green fields near the Rio Bonito and other nearby waterways. The sheepherders erected jacales—temporary seasonal dwellings meant to provide shelter during inclement weather. Sometime in the 1840s, Hispanic ranchers and their families decided to build permanent homes in a spot they called La Placita del Rio Bonito de San Juan Bautista, "the little town of the beautiful river of St. John the Baptist." The town flourished through the years with the building of a church, school, and general stores. The principal methods of construction in the town included adobe (mud bricks made with a dirt and straw mixture) and vigas (pine wood beams transported from northern New Mexico forests and used to create roofs). Fields were planted, cattle and other farm animals were brought in, and the area thrived. After New Mexico became a US territory in 1850, Fort Stanton was erected about 10 miles west of Lincoln in 1855 to protect settlers along the Rio Bonito from warring Indians. Soldiers stationed at Fort Stanton bought beef, grain, and other necessary items such as soap and candles at the settlement. In 1869, Saturnino Baca, a leading member of the community and a member of the New Mexico territorial legislature, sponsored a bill to create a new county that would incorporate the settlement of La Placita del Rio Bonito. On January 16, 1869, the county of Lincoln was created and named after Pres. Abraham Lincoln. La Placita was renamed Lincoln, and the town became the county seat. Trade increased between Lincoln and Fort Stanton, so Emil Fritz, a former officer at the fort, partnered with Maj. Lawrence G. Murphy to operate a business on the grounds of the fort called L.G. Murphy and Company. Murphy secured government contracts to provide beef, vegetables, and other staples to the fort and the nearby Mescalero Apache Indian Reservation agency. The staples were purchased from the residents at Lincoln and nearby farms and ranches. Murphy was an unscrupulous businessman who never thought twice about price gouging and selling stolen items to his customers. He hired another ex-soldier named James J. Dolan as a store clerk. Dolan, in a dispute, attempted to murder Capt. James Randlett, and after this incident, they were all evicted from the fort. Murphy managed to keep the government contracts, so he decided to build a massive two-story building in Lincoln as the home base of L.G. Murphy and Company. The business—often called "The House"—was extremely profitable; in fact, it was so profitable that the company monopolized the region's economy. Major Murphy allied himself with the Santa Fe Ring, and with this political powerhouse on his side, he could engage in land theft, cattle rustling, and other illegal activities with impunity from the law. After Fritz left the area because of health issues and Murphy began to deal with his own serious health problems, he sold the business to Dolan, who took on John IT. Riley as his partner. The business then became known as James J. Dolan and Company. Dolan kept hired gunmen, first employed by Murphy, to intimidate the local populace, and he continued previous tactics of lawlessness to maintain economic control of the region. In 1879, an Englishman named John H. Tunstall moved to Lincoln and began a partnership with Alexander McSween, a lawyer who had built his home and law office in Lincoln. Tunstall established a rival business named J.H. Tunstall and Company and purchased supplies and merchandise for his store from Otero, Sellers, and Company and Brown and Manzanres Company, wholesale distributing companies located in Las Vegas, New Mexico. Tunstall's business grew rapidly, and it did not take long for a feud to erupt between the two factions. This became known as the Lincoln County War, which began in 1878 and proceeded off and on until 1881. Both Tunstall and McSween became victims of the war along with several of their followers. Dolan had the support of the military at Fort Stanton, so his side—which included corrupt lawmen and politicians—succeeded in getting rid of the competition. After the Lincoln County War, the town of Lincoln grew and prospered. With nearly 1,000 families residing in the area by 1884, Lincoln had its own newspaper, resident photographer, blacksmith, several mercantile stores, an undertaker, and, eventually, its own baseball team. However, since Lincoln was far removed from rail centers, it was only a matter of time before the town would decline. The town still lives on in history due to one of its most famous residents, Billy the Kid, and the famous clash between its merchants and gunfighters. Editor Mimi: Fascinating book capturing some of the lawlessness challenging law keepers, such as the well-known Sheriff Patrick Pat Floyd Garrett, to keep order during the 1850-1880s. Information about William H. Bonney Alias "Billy the Kid" includes family relationships, photos, posters, and drawings. I decided to list the names that are included in the book. |
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| William Henry Harrison Antrim Maximo de Aragon Nicolas Aragon Samuel Beat Axtell Bonifacio "Bonnie" Baca Saturnino Baca George Barber Juan Bautista Patron John Beckwit Dr. Joseph H. Blazer William H. Bonney Alias "Billy the Kid" William Brady Wayne Brazel James R. Brent Richard M. Brewer Judge Warren Henry Bristol Joseph Calloway Lea Henry Carrol Robert Casey Thomas Benton Catron Elle Chapman Juana Maria Chavez Jose Chavez y Chavez James Chisum John Simpson Chisum Sallie Lucy Chisum Pedro Cidio Frank Coe George W. Coe John N. Copeland George Curry James Dolan Col. Nathan Dudly Dr. Taylor Filmore Ealy Lee and Albert Fall |
Albert J Fountain Emil Fritz Fred Fornoff HillaryW. Garrett (brother of Pat Garrett) Sheriff Patrick Floyd Garrett James N. Furlon James Gilliland Apolinaria Gutierrez (married Pat Garret) Calletano Hernandez J. M. Hernandez Librada Hernandez Mariana Hernandez Maria Manuela Herrera, wife of Charlie Browdre George W. Hindman John Hurley Col. Albert Jennings Fountain Russell A. Kistler Joseph C. Lea Barbara Jones Heiskell Jones Josefa Lopez Frank MacNab Ilizardo Maestas John Martinez ( photographer) Jacob Basil Mathews Capt. Chambers McKibbin Alexander McSween Dulvina Maxwell Paulita Maxwell Catherine McCarty Joseph McCarty Henry McCarty Peter Menard Maxwell Oliver Milton Lee |
Catalina Mondragon de Valdez Pedro Mondragon Jose Montaño L.G. Murphy Wallace and William Olinger Jose Otero Nicolosita Pacheco George Warden Peppin Milo Pierce John Poe C.S. Rogers Eugenio Romero Trinidad Romero Milnor Rudolph David Rudabaugh Charles Fredrick Rudolph William L. Rynerson Eugenio Salazar James Albert Saunders US Marshal Jon Sherman David Pugh Shield Mary "Minnie" Shield Ike Stockton Gov. William T. "Poker Bill" Lois Telfer Maria Candelaria Trujillo de Rudolph William Turnerson Henry Turnstall Jose Valdez Epmenio Valerio Lewis Wallace Richard Wells U.S. Deputry Marshal R. Widenmann Marie Whitlock |
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Trail Dust: Some Hispano Civil War
Heroes Now Forgotten |
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In 1997, the National Park Service sponsored a history conference at Glorieta that dealt with New Mexico’s Civil War campaign of 1862. The Pecos National Historical Park has jurisdiction over Glorieta Battlefield, scene of what is often called the “Gettysburg of the West.” A recurring theme of the conference was that native New Mexicans who had served in volunteer regiments never received their just due. The heroes in their ranks, it was claimed, are routinely overlooked. To a degree, that is true, but only up to a point. In recent decades, intensive research on the war in New Mexico has brought to light much new information on the role of Hispanos. However, their tale remains largely unknown. A good example is the case of Manuel Antonio Chaves, whose biography I published in 1973 under the title The Little Lion of the Southwest. As lieutenant-colonel of the 2nd Regiment, New Mexico Volunteers, he saw action at the bloody battle of Valverde and played a key role later in the Union victory at Glorieta. |
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| Manuel Antonio Chaves Phoro: Courtesy Eileen Chavez Yarborough |
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Although I also included a section on Chaves in my widely used fourth-grade social studies textbook, it’s hard to meet anyone who has heard of him. A little better known is Maj. Rafael Chacón, the subject of the late Jacqueline Meketa’s book, Legacy of Honor. Most of the evidence for Hispanic heroics comes from the furious fighting Feb. 21, 1862 at Valverde, located on the Rio Grande south of Socorro and near Ft. Craig. That’s ironic because the older histories used to claim that the Union loss there was caused by the native soldiers who broke and ran. |
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| Although I also included a section on Chaves in my widely used fourth-grade social studies textbook, it’s hard to meet anyone who has heard of him. A little better known is Maj. Rafael Chacón, the subject of the late Jacqueline Meketa’s book, Legacy of Honor. Most of the evidence for Hispanic heroics comes from the furious fighting Feb. 21, 1862 at Valverde, located on the Rio Grande south of Socorro and near Ft. Craig. That’s ironic because the older histories used to claim that the Union loss there was caused by the native soldiers who broke and ran. Some did, from the 2nd Volunteer Regiment, but Chaves and Col. Miguel Pino rallied others and joined in the bitter hand-to-hand combat in defense of Capt. Alexander McRae’s artillery battery. In that fray, every man on both sides was a true hero. The 1st Regiment of Volunteers was located in the center of the Union line and it held steady throughout the battle. The commander, Col. Kit Carson, yelled orders in Spanish, as that was the only language most of his men understood. Lt. Col. José Francisco Chaves, second in command, wrote later that the regiment repulsed 10 Texan cavalry charges and captured one cannon. Late in the day, an order came to retreat, because McRae’s battery had been captured and the Union line broken. “Col. Carson, myself and the other officers were dumbfounded by this order,” Chaves explained. |
“Until then, we believed our side was winning the battle. We marched off the field in regular formation, as if on dress parade.” That doesn’t sound like a unit that fled in panic. Maj. Chacón confirms what he says. “In our attacks we were full of courage and almost in a frenzy driving the enemy back through blood and fire. The ground was covered with blood — a spectacle that was horrible.” What this statement tells us is that the native troops performed admirably when they were well led. In the midst of the fight, a soldier named Domingo Salazar penetrated the Confederate line, seized a battle flag from its bearer and escaped back to the Union position. His return must have been greeted with wild cheers, because everywhere such a capture was considered the height of bravado. After disengagement, Capt. James Graydon, head of a separate company of scouts, saw Salazar with his prized flag, pulled rank and took it from him. Afterward, he presented it to the departmental commander, claiming it had been captured by himself and his men. Capt. Louis Felsenthal, head of Salazar’s company, was furious when he learned of it. He lodged a protest with the territorial adjutant general, demanding that proper credit be given for Salazar’s heroics. It later was. |
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| Only a few of the Hispanos in their old age recorded their Civil War experiences. Col. Manuel Antonio Chaves died in 1888. His cousin, J. Francisco
Chaves, lived to 1904 when he was assassinated by political foes on his ranch at Pinos Wells. Rafael Chacón, at the urging of his son, wrote down his memoirs before his death in 1925. Graydon, by contrast, did not survive the year 1862. A few months after Valverde, he was killed in a shootout at Ft. Stanton near Lincoln. Today, his grave can be seen in the Santa Fe National Cemetery. Now in semi-retirement, author Marc Simmons wrote a weekly history column for more than 35 years. The New Mexican is publishing reprints from among the more than 1,800 columns he produced during his career. http://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/trail-dust-some-hispano-civil-war-heroes-now-forgotten/article_8fc9d8b4- ffa0-5d9d-b7d2-1509bfdc91f4.html Sent by Roberto Camp MexicoMarketing@yahoo.com |
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January 6, 2016 |
| If you missed any of our stories in 2015, you can
always check out our monthly archives where you will find FNS original
feature stories, special reports, contributions by New Mexico State
University student writers, photo essays and, of course, our regular
syntheses and analyses of news appearing in the Mexican press. On our website (see the link at the bottom of the article), you'll read about the still unresolved disappearances of the 43 Ayotzinapa college students and many other people in different regions of Mexico. In 2015 Frontera Norte was among the first- if not the first-of English language media outlets to report on the mass farmworker uprising in the Baja California agro-export zone, as well as the similarly historic movement of the border factory (maquiladora) workers in Ciudad Juarez for better working conditions and independent union representation. We covered the controversial court case of six men accused in the mass disappearances and murders of young women in Ciudad Juarez, the continued struggle of Mexican political prisoner Nestora Salgado, and the second escape of drug kingpin Chapo Guzman. FNS looked at efforts in cross-border jaguar protection, groundwater shortages on the border and binational management of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo. Our photo essays documented the redevelopment of downtown Ciudad Juarez, and profiled the grassroots mural movement in honor of the disappeared and murdered women of the border city that visually transformed the city while countering attempts to erase victims' memories from the socio-historical landscape. In the early days of 2015 Frontera NorteSur took special note of the passing of Julio Scherer Garcia, founder of Mexico's Proceso newsweekly and the grand old dean of Mexican journalism. Scherer was preceded in death only by weeks by his colleague and Proceso co-founder Vicente Lenero. Now, in early 2016, Mexico is mourning the December 23 passing of Enrique Maza Garcia, Scherer's cousin and the last of Proceso's big three founders. Born into a family in 1929 El Paso that had fled the violence of the Cristero War south of the border and later trained as a Jesuit priest in Mexico, Maza was perhaps the cross-border-and cross-worlds- renaissance man bar none. Sadly, in his last years on this earth he suffered from Alzheimer's. Maza studied journalism at the University of Missouri, and got an entirely different education as a death row priest in the U.S., where he witnessed the execution of two men-one in the gas chamber and the other in the electric chair. Back in Mexico, he denounced the powerful Hanks, pillars of the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party, from a parish pulpit in the backyard of the family's power base in Mexico state, and clashed with the Church hierarchy over reproductive and women's rights. The Jesuit thinker composed poems and wrote political essays. His writings spanned both the spritual and the secular, taking on the heavens, hell and the harlots of power. Maza and Scherer co-authored a prescient 1979 article on the Iranian Revolution that is referential reading for understanding today's political and moral upheavels in the region. >From behind the scenes, Maza is credited for developing Proceso's journalism ethics. "Without them," recently wrote Mexican poet and human rights activist Javier Sicila of the unforgettable trio of Scherer, Maza and Lenero, "today's journalism might have no capacity to resist the temptations of power to silence it." At Frontera NorteSur, and for anyone who wants to understand Mexico, Proceso is obligatory reading. The year 2015 was also a very busy one north of the border for Frontera NorteSur. A special series examined the lives of El Paso's former Asarco smelter workers, who suffer sickness and disease years after the closure of the plant but are mired in a bureaucratic "health care" maze and seemingly abandoned by political indifference. FNS reported on immigrant farmworkers in New Mexico, the ogoing battle over immigrant driver's licenses in the Land of Enchanment, the local agriculture movement in the Paso del Norte, the protests by thousands of high school students against New Mexico's PARCC test, the revival of Native activism in the Southwest borderlands, and the historic recognition by the Albuquerque City Council of October 12 as Indigenous Peoples Day in New Mexico's biggest city. Unfortunately, Frontera NorteSur's early projections of a violent year in store for Albuquerque were borne out by the news this week that the Duke City's murder rate increased 35 percent last year. Worse yet, preliminary numbers compiled by FNS show an even higher 2015 homicide toll for the greater Albuquerque metro area, as opposed to just the city per se. Perhaps more on that later. Special recognition for last year's work goes out to New Mexico State student writers Nicolas Cabrera, Laura Iesue, Kyle Fields and Marianne L Bowers. Also kudos to writer-photographers Bob Chessey, Marisela Ortega and Andy Beale for their collaborations on various stories and photo essays. Our expanded coverage was made possible by the determined support of some readers who dug into their pockets and helped keep this news service going. When Frontera NorteSur was undergoing a rough period last summer, the voices of still others greatly aiding in saving this journalistic project for the time being. Whether because of your pocketbook or your pen, you all are most appreciated. And remember, another way of supporting Frontera NorteSur and ensuring that 2016 is just as successful as 2015 is by encouraging your friends, relatives, colleagues, students, and acquaintances to sign up for our e-mailed stories (fnsnews@nmsu.edu) which always appear in your in-box before they are posted on the website. In this way, readers are assured of seeing history in motion as it develops. ¡Feliz ano nuevo! -Kent Paterson For the FNS archives: https://fnsnews.nmsu.edu/
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February 7th 2016: Ft Saint Louis massacre of
1689, Bob Bullock Texas History Museum Henry B. Gonzalez and J. Gilberto Quezada February 27, 2016: Summerwood Family History Conference Rosters of Tejano Patriots of the American Revolution 1776-1783 First Reyes to migrate to New Spain by Joel Reyes Harlingen unveils new downtown mural by Maricela Rodriguez From the Porch Steps by Esther Bonilla Read La Junta de los Ríos, believed to be the oldest continuously cultivated farmland in Texas El Alacrán Barrio Newsletter, Houston |
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February 7th 2016 FREE SUNDAY noon to 5 P.M Bob Bullock Texas History Museum |
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The first Sunday of every month is always free at the Bob Bullock Texas History Museum and with free parking on Austin’s city streets you could explore the museum without spending a dime. All of the exhibits are free with the exception of the movies. I will be speaking on the second floor of the museum on the five children from the Talone family and how they survived living amongst the Indians and the contributions of Luis Juchereau de St Denis. |
These children survived the Ft Saint Louis massacre of 1689 and the two oldest Pierre and Robert and how they would return as French soldiers to Texas. It is a wonderful story full of survival, hardship, excitement and adventure. Dan Arellano Author/Historian President Battle of Medina Historical Society danarellano47@att.net Sent by Tejanos2010@gmail.com Elsa Mendez Peña and Walter Centeno Herbeck Jr. |
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Henry B. Gonzalez and J. Gilberto Quesada
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Hello Mimi,
I
strongly believe that you have found the Holy Grail in Somos
Primos, and I am alluding to having reached the
pinnacle of first class journalism and have maintained that state of
excellence for so long. Well done, Mimi, and I wish that
God blesses you abundantly with many spiritual bouquets during the
New Year.
I
have enjoyed reading the article written by Molly Ivins and
submitted by Eddie U. García in the January 2016 issue. I
do thank Mr. García for reminding me and other Texans of
Congressman Henry B. González's legacy.
The lead off sentences, "Henry B. was not a saint. He was a boxer," brought back fond memories of Congressman González as a "boxer" in the physical sense, and as a "boxer" in the political arena. In the former sense, I vividly remember an occasion in 1968 when Congressman González was invited to speak at St. Mary's University in San Antonio, his alma mater where he had received his law degree in 1943. The event took place in the evening in a small auditorium and I sat towards the back with some faculty members from the History Department (I was working there part-time as a graduate assistant). There were about one hundred people in attendance, but what caught my attention was a group of about ten Brown Berets, composed of men and women, who sat on the front row. Shortly after Congressman González was introduced and began his talk, the ten Brown Berets got up in unison and started pelting him with crunch balls of paper and shouting "Vendido," and some obscenities in Spanish. The audience, composed mainly of students and a few professors, were shocked. I could not believe what I was just witnessing. I turned to my right to see Dr. Miller's expression (he was the chairman of the History Department) and his countenance was one of disbelief. Obviously, the Brown Berets were not happy that he was not doing enough for the Hispanic people and came prepared to prevent him from speaking. What followed next showed Congressman González's strong character in the face of adversity. He immediately took off his coat and threw it on the floor, rolled up the sleeves of his white shirt, and assumed a fighting stance with his fists ready to fight and challenged them in Spanish to step on the stage. Instead, the Brown Berets marched out with their raised clenched fists and shouting their diatribes. Congressman González regained his composure and proceeded with his speech.
In
the latter sense, I read about Congressman González as a
"boxer" in the political cauldron in a letter dated May
26, 1967, addressed to Zapata County Judge Manuel B. Bravo that I
found in the judge's personal papers, which are now housed at the
Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library in Austin, Texas.
In the letter, Congressman González is alluding to his fight
when he introduced a bill in the Texas Legislature in 1957 proposing
a minimum wage. As the attached letter clearly indicates that
for his action he "was denounced by some business interests who
called me a Communist."
Twenty-four
years later, since the incident at St. Mary's University in 1968, I
was working as an administrator in the South San Antonio Independent
School District, and we were hosting the annual Region 20 Chapter I
Parent Advisory Council Conference at the River Center Marriott
Hotel. As chairman of the planning committee, I highly
recommended Congressman Henry B. González to be our keynote
speaker. He graciously accepted and on Thursday, December 3,
1992, I had the honor of introducing him. He gave an eloquent
and informative talk to over 1,000 parents from twenty-three
participating school districts. An all day event, the
parents attended a variety of workshops, which included such
sessions as "Empowering the Single Parent," "Building
a Strong Family," "Stress Management," and
other topics. A few days after the conference,
Congressman González sent me the attached letter with a personal
handwritten note and an inscribed color photograph (see attachment). A
month later, he invited me for lunch and I had a very enjoyable
time. And, our friendship continued over the years.
I will always treasure his ideals, principles, and political savvy.
Gilberto
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Individuals aged 12 and up are invited to attend the Summerwood Family History Conference on Saturday, February 27, 2016. In addition to a full day of classes for every skill level, 8 classes will be available for Spanish speaking attendees, four classes will be taught in Spanish and four classes will be taught in English and translated into Spanish. The conference begins with registration at 8:00 am and classes run hourly starting at 9 am until 4 pm. No lunch is provided so please plan accordingly. Please visit http://houstonfamilysearch.com/summerwood/ to learn more. We encourage all to pre-register to help better plan the conference. Use this conference to gain more knowledge about the church’s FamilySearch program, indexing, researching challenging ancestors, or the basics of getting started. The conference is an excellent missionary opportunity and we encourage you to invite friends, co-workers and neighbors to attend with you. Pre-registration closes on 20 February 2016. If you have any questions, please contact Summerwoodfamilyhistory@gmail.com . Sent by Maria Azios ms.azios713@gmail.com |
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I wish everyone a most prosperous and healthy 2016! I also want to share a special honor I received for my second book: ROSTERS OF TEJANO PATRIOTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1776-1783! The Tejano Genealogy Society of Austin (TGSA) presented me with their Member's Choice Award for 2015! To purchase a copy, go to: Click here: Amazon.com: ROSTERS OF TEJANO PATRIOTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1776-1783! www.tejanopatriots.com Jesse O. Villarreal, Sr. |
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Rosters of Tejano Patriots of the American Revolution 1776-1883 is an addendum to Jesse O. Villarreal Sr’s first publication Tejano Patriots of the American Revolution 1776-1783. This new book contains documented rosters of the Presidial soldiers stationed at Presidio La Bahia del Espiritu Santo and San Antonio de Bexar at the time of the American Revolution. The names of these soldiers, on the rosters, are being accepted as Patriots into the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. Details of Rosters of Tejano Patriots of the American Revolution 1776-1783 are listed below: 1. This publication contains historical documentation of 51 rosters from 1776-1783, with 22 from San Antonio de Bexar and 29 from La Bahia del Espiritu Santo (now Goliad). 2. The main purpose of the presidial soldiers was to protect Tejano citizens, villas, ranchos, coast, and roads from hostile Indians and foreign enemies. 3. The rosters include the names of the soldiers who were detached to El Fuerte del Cibolo, a small outpost situated midway between the presidios at Bexar and La Bahia. Their main purpose was to protect the ranchos and roads between the two presidios. This small fort was located on San Bartolo Ranch, which was owned by the Andres Hernandez family. Its soldiers guarded cattle and horses which were eventually driven to General Bernardo de Galvez’s troops in Louisiana and Florida. This area was infiltrated with hostile Indians whose intent was to steal the cattle and horses and trade them to the British for guns and rifles. This publication is now available for $25.00 plus $3.00 for shipping. Please contact jesseo2800@yahoo.com for ordering.
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1933 portrait of my great-grandparents Aniceto Reyes and Elena
Villanueva. Aniceto Reyes
(11th great-grandson of Baltazar De Los Reyes de Ecija) was born on June 20, 1898, in Gonzales, Texas, and Elena Villanueva was born on August 10, 1900, in Goliad, Texas. |
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In
1576 my 14th great-grandfather Baltazar De Los Reyes de Ecija
and family arrived in New
Spain and settled in La Ciudad de
México, Nueva España (present day Mexico City, Distrito Federal,
Mexico). At the time, La Ciudad de México was the capital of New Spain
and home to European Social Elites. Baltazar was among the first
settlers of this family name to migrate to New Spain. He
was born circa 1536 in Ecija, Seville, Andalucia, Spain to Melchor De
Los Reyes de Ecija and Juana de Baena. He married my 14th
great-grandmother Elvira De La Vega circa 1556 in Ecija, Seville,
Andalucia, Spain. Baltazar
and Elvira had two children. Francisco De Los Reyes de Ecija was born
circa 1557 and Ynes De Los Reyes de Ecija was born circa 1568 in Ecija,
Seville, Andalucia, Spain. Shortly
after the birth of their second child Elvira De La Vega fell ill and passed away. He then married
Isabel Lopez circa 1571 in Seville, Andalucia, Spain. Baltazar and
Isabel had one child prior to their departure; Bartolome De Los Reyes de
Ecija was born circa 1572. Baltazar’s 5th great-grandson, José
Lazaro Reyes is my 7th
great-grandfather. José Lazaro was
born circa 1731 in La Villa de Cadereyta, Nuevo Reyno de León, Nueva
España (present day Cadereyta Jiménez, Nuevo León, Mexico). He was
a member of the Spanish Brotherhood of the Cofradia Del
Rosario de Cadereyta. Circa 1773 José
Lazaro and family migrated to Colonial Spanish
Texas where he established a ranch in el Rancho del Rosario just south
of present day Progreso, Texas. This information is substantiated
in his oldest son's (José Domingo's) 1797 Catholic
marriage record with Maria Manuela Pineda dated January 16, 1797. José
Lazaro was part of the original Rancheros/Caballeros
(Ranchers/Cowboys) of Colonial Spanish Texas.
Biography:
Reyes
Family Tree website: |
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Harlingen unveils new downtown mural by
Maricela Rodriguez |
When I come home for the holidays I enjoy catching up on local news – particularly the type of news that reveals how the Valley thinks about and articulates its history. The recent unveiling of the mural on Van Buren in Harlingen, Texas was one such news item that caught my eye, and I was excited to visit the site with my family. The mural is an expression of our labor history – a crucial representation almost always lost in the more exotic depictions of south Texas (sun, sand, palm trees, attractive señoritas, etc.). But something is missing. After studying the mural, my mother pointed out that female workers were nowhere to be found. To be sure, much of women’s labor in our economy is often understood to be invisible since it is confined to the home and therefore devalued. The women missing from the mural raised and maintained families and homes, enabling the men to do their work. But some women, like my recently deceased grandmother, Sofia Yzaguirre, also worked in the fields alongside the men. In the history painted on that wall, her labor is ignored.
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Readers’
Comments on From the Porch Steps: Elaine
C.: “Stories are
heart-warming and convey a funny side of life.” Yvonne
R.: “I
love reading From the Porch Steps. They (stories) are funny, insightful,
& positive. I always look forward to reading the next story!” Howard
W.: “The Back Porch stories remind me of my own family.” Sylvia
A.: “Your
writing warms, and touches my heart. You write about a much simpler
time.” Gloria
R.: “They are a window
into yesteryear but more personal.” Noela
G.: “I start smiling even
before I start reading, because I know I'm going to be
entertained." Herb
C.: I have enjoyed
Esther Read's rich vignettes about family, teaching, and what has
inspired and motivated her. This is a fine set of stories… |
| Friends, my book includes stories about Home, School, and Life. If you wish to buy a book, you can send me a check for $18.40 plus $2.72 for postage to Esther Bonilla Read at Cerca Del Mar P.O. Box 3042 Corpus Christi, Tx 78463. The price includes the book, taxes and postage. Esther Bonilla Read 6ebonr@sbcglobal.net |
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On this day in 1850, Presidio County was established from Bexar Land District with Fort Leaton as the county seat. The area around the present town of Presidio on the Rio Grande, known as
La Junta de los Ríos, is believed to be the oldest continuously cultivated farmland in Texas.
The first Spaniards probably reached La Junta in 1535 when Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca crossed on his trek across Texas. The entrada of Juan Domínguez de Mendoza and Father Nicolás López in 1683-84 established seven missions at seven pueblos along the river in the La Junta area. The area remained devoid of permanent settlements, however, because neither the Spanish nor, later, the Mexican government could control the Apache and Comanche Indians in the area. |
With the 1846 annexation of Texas, Americans recognized the economic potential of the frontier along the Rio Grande, and by 1848 Ben Leaton had established Fort Leaton on the site of an old Spanish fort. Although the 1850 United States census reported no population for Presidio County, a sufficient number lived there to establish the county. Several Americans irrigated crops and grazed herds on the Rio Grande in the 1850s and 1860s, and rancher Milton Faver became the first to move away from the safety of the river. Presidio and Marfa are the main communities in Presidio County today. |
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| Register for a Chicano film class for Spring 2016 at Houston Community College System, Houston, Texas. Info on the film class: At HCC-SE campus, HUMA 1311/Mex Am Art Appreciation (CRN#: 90781), Wednesdays only, 1-5pm. We welcome non-HCC students to visit this class, to listen and observe. The class is taught by Jesus Cantu Medel, M.Ed., the founder and executive director of our Museo. Mr. Medel brings extensive film experience, for example, a 1982 recipient of Nat’l Endowment for the Arts; curator of touring film festivals in Texas and Mexico; ethnographic documentary filmmaking focused on the Chicano/a Movement, esp. in Texas. |
This course will focus on the nuevo
indigenismo aspect of Chicano/a film, and Medel’s masters’ thesis, Neoindigenism
in Chicano Art: A Sit for Praxis in Art Education (1990:
Univ. of Houston).
To learn about the content of this course,
go to Google.com and enter “Jesus Cantu Medel”, and you will see the
course syllabus listed at the HCC website. For more information on the class, or to receive El Alacran Barrio Newsletter, contact Jesus Cantu Medel, M.Ed. Museo curator and newsletter editor at 713.231.4037 or chano6_@hotmail.com
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Chicano
History Week Detalle de la Épica Expedición de Hernando de Soto, 1538-1543 Exploración de las Carolinas y Tennessee Por José Antonio Crespo-Francés |
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Chicano
History Week By |
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Chicano
History Week in Michigan was inaugurated by Lansing Chicanos who
requested then Governor William G. Milliken to sign an executive
declaration recognizing that week. The declaration which was signed by
Governor Milliken on February 6, 1985 stated that the dates of February
2-8 were to be observed as Chicano History Week in Michigan in
observance of February 2, 1848, the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo which formally ended the war between the U.S. and Mexico. Teachers
can help their students develop a greater awareness of Chicanos by
informing their students why most U.S. citizens of Mexican descent
prefer to be called “Chicano” instead of something else. According
to some writers, the term “Chicano” was derived from the Náhuatl or
Aztec word “Mexicano,” in which the “x” was given the “ch”
sound. Subsequently, the word “Mechicano” was contracted to
“Chicano.” Another significance of the term “Chicano” is that
regardless of its derivation, it was and is a term that is frequently
used by persons in Chicano barrios to refer to themselves. It is a term
that is of the people, for the people, and, therefore used by the people
in the U.S. who are of Mexican descent. The term “Chicano” carries
therefore a spirit of self-identity, self-definition and; consequently,
self-determination. Through the term, Chicanos assert their identity,
their uniqueness, and consequently their right to liberation. Like the Blacks in the 60’s popularized the term “Black” in reference to themselves, Chicanos in the 60’s popularized the term “Chicano” in reference to themselves. By calling themselves by a term which they originated and preferred among themselves, Chicanos also asserted their right to be called what they wanted to be called. Many Chicanos thought that by allowing themselves to be called by what others preferred to call them, they were giving up their right to self-determination. The
term “Chicano” also allowed U.S. citizens of Mexican ancestry in the
U.S. to get away from being hyphenated Americans, i.e. being called
“Mexican-American,” a term often used by others to refer to
Chicanos. “Mexican-American” was seen by many Chicanos in the 60’s
as a term that relegated U.S. citizens of Mexican descent to
second-class status, because the term implied that they were somehow
only “part” American and not “all American.” Chicanos
asserted their right to be “American” without having to have a
prefix before the word American to qualify what kind of U.S. citizen
they were. The term “Chicano” therefore gave clarity to the identity
of U.S. citizens of Mexican descent while at the same time asserted
their right to be full-fledged “Americans” and still be ethnically
different. Chicano
History Week celebrates the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,
and this historical event also impacts on the definition of
“Chicano” because if there is one thing that the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo did, it was to give an ideological rebirth to persons of Mexican
descent living in the U.S. What the treaty in essence did, was to
promise to give persons of Mexican descent remaining in the conquered
territories (from the southern border of Oregon to New Orleans),
protection under the Constitution of the United States of America! The
term “Chicano” therefore gives more historical significance to this
event because the term “Chicano,” like the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo, also helps to distinguish between persons who are U.S. citizens
of Mexican descent and persons who are Mexican, i.e. Mexican citizens.
Mexican nationals, by the way, prefer to be called “Mexicano” and
not “Chicano.” Chicano
History Week is therefore very important because it gives teachers the
opportunity to place educational emphasis on why, how, and when Chicanos
have been given or not been given protection under the U.S.
Constitution. An examination of the history of Chicanos will reveal the
history of a people living under classical colonization conditions, of
efforts at their physical and cultural genocide, or their loss of land
grants and their prosecution in trying to regain them, of their
suffering as migrant workers, of their struggle under rapid social
change and urbanization, and of their improved status in our society
since the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. On the contrary,
an examination of the history of Chicanos will also reveal that Chicanos
have contributed to the economy, development and growth of the State of
Michigan and the nation; that they have defended and died for this
country and are the most decorated in war time in proportion to other
ethnic groups; and that they have contributed to the arts, business,
industry, education, agriculture, and the richness of American culture
and language. The
seven days of February 2-8, in Michigan should not go by, therefore, in
which teachers don’t commemorate in their classrooms the history of
Chicanos. It is particularly important in teaching about Chicanos to
distinguish between the history and culture of Chicanos preceding the
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the history and culture of Chicanos
subsequent to the signing of the treaty. Teachers will want to take
note, however, that Chicanos are as proud of their history before the
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo as they are of being U.S. citizens.
Historically, culturally, and linguistically, Chicanos straddle both
Mexico and the U.S., with the foot of their past in Mexico and the
present in the U.S. Chicanos have as much regard for the 16th
of September in Mexico as they have for the Fourth of July in the U.S.
Chicanos are living proof that one can be bicultural and bilingual and
still be 100% U.S. citizen.
Click
here: The Michigan Daily - Google News Archive Search
NOTE BELOW: Michigan House of Representatives Resolution, dated January 29, 2014 |
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Hernando de Soto, born in Jerez de los Caballeros (Badajoz – Spain), came to India in 1514 in the colonization fleet governor of Panama Pedrarias. Two years later he was named captain of cavalry engaged in various conquests Central America. In 1523 He was in Nicaragua Y Honduras with CaptainFrancisco Fernandez de Cordoba. Later, and you alone, He explored the peninsula Yucatán looking closely to allow the passage of Atlantic to the Pacific and in 1534 se unió a Francisco Pizarro in the conquest of Peru, for which he obtained a large booty. But this failed to satisfy Hernando wanted more and his great goal was to conquer great empires as they had done Cortez and Pizarro. In 1538 He come and was named captain of all lands conquered by Emperor Carlos I. Its objective: win Florida and the lands north. Eleven ships and 950 men left the 6 April 1538 from Sanlucar de Barrameda (Cádiz -Spain) arriving toSantiago de Cuba at the end of May. He sent a first exploratory expedition led by Captain Florida Añasco to look for a suitable landing place. The reports were positive and Hernando de Soto departed Havana Florida towards the 18 May 1539 with 650 men and 223 horses. It did not take long to arrive, only unite week, and they landed on the Tampa Bay or Bay of the Holy Spirit. Neither soon they realized that those lands were unhealthy, wet in stifling heat and plagued by snakes and mosquitoes. To which must be added the hostility of the natives. But this did not frighten the expedition they assumed that the more complicated and difficult it would be the greatest achievement award. http://www.historiadelnuevomundo.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/her51.jpgHernando de Soto route Once the bridgehead established in Florida marched inland past winter 1539 near Appalachian. In March they continued northwestward path thinking they would find gold mines. They toured Georgia Y Carolina del Sur, along the Appalachians, to the present Columbia in Carolina del Sur. But they found nothing. They continued to travel to the northeast across many territories like American tribes Altamaha, Ocute, Tofa,Room, Cherokees, etc. They descended by the current state of Alabama until October 1540 the town ofTascaluza where they were received by the chief of the same name and nickname Black Warrior. This invited to visit the town of Mauvila, located a few kilometers, where an army of 10.000 Indian warriors waiting for them to finish them. Hernando de Soto and his men fell into the trap and fought against the Indians whom post 9 hour battle won and there was a great slaughter. The Spaniards lost 82 men and 45 horses, and hundreds of serious injuries. There were also heavy losses in equipment and supplies. After recovering for a month in the same place they started the battle north. Gold must be there. They reached a tributary of Mississippi River and they found that on the other side they were expecting another Indian army ready to avenge their friends Mauvila. There was another new battle with the result 40 Spaniards dead and over 50 lost horses. The situation became increasingly disastrous, They were becoming a ghost army, ragged and starving. They were able to rest for two months in the town of Chicaza where they spent the winter healing wounds and trying to survive. When the weather softened continued way north reaching the 8 May 1541 the Mississippi River, which they called Big River, and will soon cross 20 days to the need to build a boat and canoes and also have to face more than 6000 Indians tried to prevent him from crossing. An odyssey. Full text in: http://www.historiadelnuevomundo.com/index.php/2015/07/hernando-de-soto-conquista-y-exploracion-de-florida -georgia-carolina-del-sur-tennessee-alabama-mississippi-arkansas-y-texas/?lang=en |
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Si mencionamos la llegada de los españoles a la Florida hemos de citar en primer lugar a Fray Luis de Cáncer. España estaba empeñada en la exploración, asentamiento y poblamiento de la Florida y de las islas Filipinas. Vázquez de Coronado había regresado de la frontera del norte hasta Ciudad de México una vez finalizada su expedición y al poco tiempo el grupo de Moscoso, supervivientes de la expedición de Hernando de Soto, alcanzó Pánuco. El Virrey de Mendoza, a pesar de los fracasos anteriores, estaba dispuesto a cumplir los designios reales continuando en su objetivo de expandir los territorios del virreinato hacia el norte por el hasta el momento funesto y salvaje territorio de la Florida. En noviembre de 1566, fundada Santa Elena como capital de la Florida, Menéndez envió a Juan Pardo para explorar, descubrir y conquistar el interior del continente para llegar hasta el norte de Nueva España. Historia, Descubrimiento y exploració: Cerca de 30 tribus diferentes de nativos americanos vivían en la región que constituye actualmente Carolina del Sur en la época de la llegada de los primeros exploradores europeos a la región. De estas tribus, los más importantes eran loscatawba (parte del grupo nativo americano de los siouan), los cheroqui y los yamasee (muskhogean). Se cree que los primeros humanos en asentarse en la actual Carolina del Sur lo hicieron hace unos 15 000 años. El primer explorador europeo en avistar y desembarcar en la actual Carolina del Sur, fue el español Ruben Laboy, en 1521. Cinco años después, en 1526, otro español, Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, fundó el primer asentamiento europeo en el territorio que actualmente constituye Estados Unidos. Este asentamiento fue nombrado por Ayllón como San Miguel de Guadalupe y fue fundado con 600 expedicionarios. San Miguel de Guadalupe sería abandonado al año siguiente, en 1527. La región de Carolina del Sur sería reivindicada por los españoles y por los franceses, a lo largo del siglo XVI. Los franceses realizaron diversas tentativas de colonización de la región, que fallaron a causa de la hostilidad de tribus indígenas locales y a causa de la falta de provisiones. Hubo un tiempo en que esas tierras hasta la actual Nueva York fueron llamadas tierras de Ayllón, el célebre explorador español. ¿Sabías que las Carolinas se llaman así desde 1521 por honrar al rey Carlos I de España y V de Alemania? Carolus en Latín es Carlos en castellano. Como más adelante las Felipinas serían nombradas en honor a su hijo Felipe II. Más adelante (más de 150 años después) los ingleses inventaron que les pusieron así por el rey Carlos II de Inglaterra en 1690 en honor a su padre Carlos I, solo que Carlos en inglés es Charles ! ¿quién lo puede explicar?... muy conveniente? ?! El domingo 1 de noviembre de 2015 en la publicación digital www.elespiadigital.com aparece en la sección Informes el artículo titulado http://www.elespiadigital.com/index.php/informes/11243-espanoles-olvidados-la-expedicion-de-juan-pardo Sent by Dr. Carlos A. Campos y Escalante campce@gmail.com |
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Jamestown's VIPs |
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| This year researchers have analyzed four previously
excavated graves found on the chancel of the original 1608 church, a burial location surely reserved for prominent .figures. Scientific, forensic, and genealogical work identified the remains of four members of Jamestown's
leadership—and turned up at least one new mystery. The Chaplain Reverend Robert Hunt, the chaplain 6f the settlement, is thought to have died in 1608. His remains were wrapped in a shroud instead of a coffin, reflecting his piety; and he was facing the congregation. The Soldier
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The Nobleman An even more elaborate, human-shaped coffin held the remains of Sir Ferdinando Wain-man,Jamestown's master of ordnance, who died during the "starving time" of 1609~1610, when some 70 percent of the colonists perished. His remains also had a high lead content of a nobleman. The Explorer |
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Bridging the Divide, Tom Bradley and the Politics of Race,
PBS airing Dedication of More Rosenwald Schools Independence Heights is independent no longer The Baobab Tree Notes Web |
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We are excited to announce our national PBS broadcast of BRIDGING THE DIVIDE: TOM BRADLEY AND THE POLITICS OF RACE beginning February 1 and continuing throughout Black History month. Dates are being added every few days. Please check
schedules on our website: |
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| Charleston Premiere Charleston Premiere of Rosenwald The National Trust, in collaboration with the Pearlstine/Lipov Center for Southern Jewish Culture at the College of Charleston hosted the Charleston, SC, premiere of the film Rosenwald at the historic American Theater. The event included a reception and post- screening Q & A with filmmaker Aviva Kempner. Rosenwald school alumni representing four schools in South Carolina and North Carolina were in attendance. Rosenwald screenings continue to open across the country. A full listing of movie screenings can be found here. Retreat School at Rosenwald premiere Retreat School Alumni and Friends Road Trip to Atlanta A South Carolina group working to save their Rosenwald School in Westminster, South Carolina took a day off to enjoy a screening of the documentary Rosenwald and share a meal at Mary Mac's [famous] Tea Room. The group of thirty hired a bus for the day-long trip to Atlanta. Helen Rosemond- Saunders says, "The documentary shared so much more about Julius Rosenwald than I knew before. We took our school scrap book with us and shared it with a woman coming out of the theater. In church the next Sunday, one of the church men handed me an envelope. It had a note of thanks from the woman we met and a check for $5.00 for our school project. She had located our address and taken the time to write and thank us." |
National Register Historic District Nomination includes location of 4,000th Rosenwald School The history of the Berry O'Kelly School, known as the 4,000th Rosenwald School, will be included in the National Register nomination for the Berry O'Kelly School Historic District in Raleigh, NC. O'Kelly was a prominent African American businessman and entrepreneur in the Method community which was later annexed by the City of Raleigh. He provided the land for St. James AME Church and the Berry O'Kelly School. The nomination is being prepared by Hanbury Preservation Consulting and historian Jeffrey A. Harris for the City of Raleigh. The nomination will document O'Kelly's accomplishments, the history of the Method community, and the influences of the Rosenwald School movement. Groundbreaking Ceremony at Mars Hill Anderson Rosenwald School A groundbreaking ceremony to kick off the rehabilitation of the Mars Hill Anderson school in Mars Hill, North Carolina was held in November. The school is located in Western North Carolina where a nominal number of Rosenwald schools were constructed. Rosenwald enthusiasts and alumni in Mars Hill have been working for several years to develop a plan to rehabilitate the school constructed in 1930. |
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| Maryland Rosenwald Schools featured at 2015 PastForward Conference A field study at the National Trust's 2015 PastForward conference held in Washington, DC showcased five Maryland Rosenwald schools in Prince George's and Anne Arundel counties. Susan Pearl of the Prince George's County Historical Society and author Stephanie Deutsch led the day-long tour. Pearl, a research historian, completed the Maryland Rosenwald schools survey in 2010 that identified 53 surviving schools of the 156 constructed in Maryland. The schools visited varied in size, condition and current use. Ridgeley and Galesville both serve as centers for the surrounding community with mixed programming and incorporated museums: Highland Park is still being used as a public school facility, Buena Vista as a church, and the cojoined Shady Side and Churchton schools house a head start program. |
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| December 26th, 1929 -- Independence Heights is independent no longer On this day in 1929, the city of Independence Heights was formally annexed by Houston. The Wright Land Company had originally secured the land, incorporated in 1910, and developed a new community for blacks. By doing its own financing the company made it possible for people with small incomes to become homeowners. Resident contractors built most of the houses and churches. Independence Heights incorporated in 1915, with a population of 600; according to a Houston Post story dated January 17, 1915, it was the first incorporated black city in Texas. In November 1928 Independence Heights residents voted to dissolve the city's incorporation because of their desire to become a part of Houston. In 1989 a Texas Historical Commission marker was placed on the grounds of Greater New Hope Missionary Baptist Church to mark the city site. Source: Texas State Historical Association |
Notes
Web, The Baobab Tree, spring 2014.
First black
singer to have contract with a major American opera company https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmilla_Williams First black female
commercial airline pilot in U.S.
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Los Indios
Tlaxcaltecos by Dan
Arellano Quanah Parker Sitting Bull Chief Joseph Geronimo January 8th, 1865 -- Kickapoos rout Confederates in battle of Dove Creek |
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Have you
ever noticed, when discussing ancestry with Anglos that inevitably
they claim to be descendents of the Cherokee? And why is that and why
is it not Creek or Arapahoe. No it’s always Cherokee; perhaps it’s
because of the romanticized Trail of Tears Story. Well, there was
nothing romantic about this tragic and inhumane treatment of our
indigenous ancestors; the same with Mexican-Americans who claim Aztec
ancestry and sometimes refer to their Aztec blood.
However, if you consider your self to be Tejano, or Mexican-American then there is more a probability that you are of Tlaxcalan descent.
When C0rtez
arrived off the coast of
This confederacy had been created to protect them selves from the Mexica which they considered to be the conquerors and who saw the Spanish as liberators. Bernal Diaz del Castillo in his book “Conquest of Mexico,” says that only about 10,000 Mexica would survive and those were manly women and children.
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As the
colonization effort of the Spanish throughout
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One other
fact is that the
Finally,
if your family came from any of these villages, more than likely you
are of Tlaxcalan descent and we should all be proud of our
ancestors.
Dan
Arellano Author/Historian
Our
If we don’t do it no one will do it for us
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Quanah Parker |
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Quanah Parker achieved a position of influence among Comanches and non-Natives, using savvy and genuine dedication to his peoples welfare. Son of a Comanche warrior and a white woman, Parker embraced and profited from many aspects of American culture. Yet Parker also wore his hair in traditional braids, had eight wives—five at one time—served as a ceremonial leader in the Native American Church, and opposed privatization of tribally held lands. Although his financial fortunes declined after 1900, his influence persisted. Dignitaries, including President Theodore Roosevelt, visited him, and communities in Oklahoma and Texas invited him to lead parades. Parker died in 1911, and was buried at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. |
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Sitting
Bull was a stalwart defender of his people's lands and life ways, which
were threatened by the intrusion of white settlers and miners on
treaty-guaranteed tribal territories, and by U.S. government efforts to
concentrate Indians on reservations. These violations provoked war in
1876, in which Sitting Bull and other war leaders masterminded the
defeat of U.S. troops at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Faced by a
massive U.S. military counteroffensive, Sitting Bull and his 4,000
followers fled to Canada, but returned in 1881. After two years as a prisoner of war, Sitting Bull settled on the Standing Rock Reservation in present-day North Dakota, where he became a successful farmer, and later toured with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. Yet he remained a staunch critic of U.S. Indian policy, and became an apostle of the Ghost Dance—an Indian religious revival movement, which spooked white officials at the Standing Rock Reservation. In 1890, Indian police stormed his cabin, sparking a bloody shootout in which Sitting Bull was killed. He was buried at Fort Yates in North Dakota. http://www.AmericanIndian.si.edu |
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Chief Joseph --- Heinmot Tooyalakekt |
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A
powerful orator and advocate for his peoples right to remain on their
homelands in Oregon's Wallowa Valley, Chief Joseph is best known for
leading his people on an epic four-month-long flight toward freedom
through some of the most difficult terrain in the American West. In
1877, Chief Josephs people were given 30 days' notice to relocate to an
Idaho reservation—an order that precipitated the Nez Perce War, in
which Chief Joseph led 300 warriors and 500 women and children in a
guerrilla campaign that eluded pursuing U.S. troops over 1,300 miles.
Hungry, cold, and outnumbered, the Nez Perce surrendered, 40 miles shy
of the Canadian border and freedom. After being held prisoner in Kansas—where
five of his children died of disease—Chief Joseph became a tireless
and well-publicized champion for his people's right to return to their
homelands. Chief Joseph was never allowed to return home. He died in
1904 at the Colville Reservation, in Washington State. http://www.AmericanIndian.si.edu |
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Geronimo Goyathay |
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A symbol of Native American resistance and warrior spirit, Geronimo acquired a reputation as a fearless fighter while wreaking vengeance on Mexican troops who had murdered his wife, children, and mother. When U.S. miners, settlers, and soldiers intruded on Chiricahua Apache lands in Arizona, Geronimo and his people resisted the newcomers, rejected U.S. efforts to settle his people on reservations, and were denounced as murderous renegades by angry whites. Hunted relentlessly by U.S. soldiers and Apache scouts, Geronimo was finally persuaded to surrender in 1886, and was shipped as a prisoner of war to internment camps in Florida, Alabama, and finally Fort Sill, Oklahoma. |
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his later years, Geronimo converted to Christianity, sold autographed
photos of himself, and rode in President Theodore Roosevelt's
inaugural parade. Despite his notoriety, the old warrior was never
allowed to return to his tribal homeland. He died a prisoner of war at
Fort Sill in 1909. Yet Geronimo's legend as a warrior survived. Today
he is remembered as one of the greatest symbols of Native American
resistance in the history of the United States. http://www.AmericanIndian.si.edu |
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January 8th, 1865 -- Kickapoos rout Confederates in battle of Dove Creek On this day in 1865, about 160 Confederates and 325 state militiamen lost a battle against the Kickapoo Indians about twenty miles southwest of present San Angelo. A month earlier a scouting party had discovered an abandoned Indian camp and, assuming the group was hostile, dispatched forces to pursue them. A militia force under Capt. S. S. Totten and state Confederate troops under Capt. Henry Fossett set out, but the two forces lacked a unified command and full communication. When the troops and militiamen finally rendezvoused near the timbered encampment of the Kickapoos along Dove Creek, the forces concocted a hasty battle plan.
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The militia waded the creek to launch a frontal attack from the north, while Confederate troops circled southwestward to capture the Indians’ horses and prevent a retreat. A well-armed Indian fighting force, possibly several hundred strong, easily defended their higher, heavily-wooded position as the militiamen slogged through the creek. The Confederate force was splintered into three groups caught in a heavy crossfire. Three days later the battered Texans retreated eastward, while the embittered Kickapoos, once peaceful, escaped to the Mexican border. Thus began a violent period of border raids on settlers along the Rio Grande. |
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Jewish Patriot Joins South Carolina Legislature, January
11, 1775
This Country that Resembles You Saving Ladino by Robin Keats Song of the Week: El Eliyahu When we were in Egypt! Exhibition shows Jewish life after the pharaohs |
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“Jewish
patriot joins
Francis
Salvador (Politico)
was a Sephardi Jew whose family emigrated from mainland England to the
American colonies in the 18th century.
On 11 January 1775, Salvador became the first Jew to be elected to an American colonial legislature, only to become the first Jewish soldier killed in the American War of Independence soon thereafter, when ambushed by Cherokees and British loyalists. The
originally Sephardic Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Synagogue, the second
oldest synagogue in America, Charleston,
South Carolina (Photo courtesy of the Historic American Buildings
Survey - Library of Congress) |
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| Song of the Week: El Eliyahu Diwan
Saz, 2013 (Photo courtesy of Diwan Saz) Diwan Saz, an Israeli interfaith ensemble composed of musicians who play instruments and songs from “Central Asia, Turkey, Persia, and the Holy Land,” performs an Iraqi version of Avraham Ibn Ezra’s piyyut, “El Eliyahu” (“the God of Eliyahu”), traditionally sung on Saturday night after the conclusion of Shabbat. http://americansephardifederation.us9.list-manage1.com/track /click?u=9ee686c09238e3a1fb7447ee7&id=3a86f9bff4&e=eb97863b1f |
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| FOR JEWISH PEOPLE, nobody speaks truth
like their mothers. Especially when they say things like "Ken
kozina vyernes kome shabad."
No, it isn't Yiddish. Nor Hebrew. It's Ladino, the ancient language that began developing among Sephardic Jews in the 16th century and which today is spoken by fewer than 100,000 people. Literally translated, the line means, "He who cooks on Friday will eat on Saturday." As vernacular, it's an admonishment to look ahead, to prepare for the future. Bryan Kirschen Ph.D. '14 is taking that homily to heart. His mission: Preserve and protect Ladino, Old Spanish infused by linguistic elements drawn from where Sephardim (Hebrew for "Jews of Spain") resettled after being driven out of Spain and Portugal by those nations' Catholic monarchs in the 15th century. The Sephardim made their way to North Africa, France and parts of the old Ottoman Empire (Greece, the Balkans and Turkey). Kirschen teaches Ladino to UCLA students and has taught Sephardic language and culture to small groups of Angelenos at the Skirball Cultural Center. Four years ago, he co-founded ucLADINO, an organization dedicated to the Judeo-Spanish language that puts on weekly workshops, quarterly lectures and an annual symposium that draws Ladino speakers from around the world. UNESCO categorizes Ladino as extremely endangered, but Kirschen hopes the language might be experiencing a bit of a revival. The U.S. Census has found only 125 Ladino speakers in the U.S., while Kirschen estimates there are about 100 in California and perhaps twice that many in both Seattle and New York. "The work Bryan has done with ucLADINO is nothing short of visionary, insofar as he has brought the attention of students and the wider UCLA community to the history, culture and present-day endangered state of the Ladino language," says Sarah Abrevaya Stein, UCLA professor of history and holder of the Maurice Amado Chair in Sephardic Studies. Kirschen studied Spanish, Hebrew and ancient Greek in high school, learned Arabic in college, and later added Portuguese, Italian and Ladino in grad school. "We need not just those new to Ladino, but [also] the generations that follow its aging speakers to learn the language of their forebears," he says.
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“When we were in Egypt! Exhibition shows Jewish life after the pharaohs” Francine Wolfisz, Jewish News An exhibit at London’s British Museum, “Egypt: faith after the pharaohs,” explores how Jewish, Christian, and Islamic communities lived together in the Land of the Nile. It also revises our understanding of Jewish history in the country: “We are told by historians… that the community was decimated by the Jewish revolts of the first and second centuries. But… it’s simply our lack of evidence elsewhere that requires the assumption there were no Jews in Egypt – in fact, the opposite is true.” |
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Click to: Jamestown VIPs Click to: Tracing Slave origins |
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Hathcock History: The famous Don "agua dory" Chencho Story Historiador Dr. Carlos Recio Dávila y su apreciable familia, por Ricardo Palmerín Cordero. Bautismo de Lucia Ana Salinas Crusen ¿Sabías que la virgen de Guadalupe es la patrona de las Filipinas? Durante la Revolución de Independencia el año de 1813, murieron en la Cd. de Monterrey Defunción de varias personas que fueron ejecutadas el año de 1813 |
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| Don Chenche’s early life was uneventful for the most part. Born in San Luis Potosi Mexico his family first moved to the Matamoros area sometime after Texas won its independence from Mexico and then they moved to El Fronton (now known as Port Isabel) during the Mexican-American War. As a teenager, Chencho got his first taste of modern construction when he helped build the Point Isabel Lighthouse in 1852. Over the next 20 years, he worked on a variety of other projects including laying track for Simon Celaya’s Rio Grande Railroad which operated along a 22 ½ mile track that ran between the Point and Brownsville. Finished in February 1872, the narrow gauge tracks extended about a mile out over the Laguna Madre where ships lying at anchor would offload the modern necessities needed for a growing Valley and take on cargos of cotton, hides and goods from South Texas and the interior of Mexico. The line was short-lived though and its final run was made in 1919. Good paying jobs were scarce and in order to provide a steady income for his family Don Chencho joined a rather ancient order of men known as agua dories who made their living by going door to door and selling water to those who either did not have a well to draw from or did not own the necessary equipment to haul the precious liquid from a far away site. His daily routine was pretty much the same for the next 60 years or so. Up before dawn, daylight would find him perched atop the wooden bench of his two-wheeled cart where he had an unobstructed view of his plodding burro’s backside. Ahead of him, other men were gazing at pretty much the same view as their own beasts hauled creaking bumping barrels along the primitive trail which led to the open Mogote Wells situated about a mile west of town. There the agua dories would fill their containers and then return to town. Undoubtedly there was some sort of pecking order amongst the water haulers that helped maintain an agreement of sorts on who got to service the best routes. I would assume any arguments were settled with squirt guns at high noon. Eventually, the Town of Port Isabel built their own water district and now everyone had instant access to running water. The agua dories were out of business…… But the old man continued his daily trek through town, only now he collected scraps for his pigs and posed for pictures for tourists. Don Chenche went on to his reward in February 1950. He was 115 years old and had outlived 6 wives. Reportedly he fathered his last child when in his 90s. It has been said that Don Chenche and his famous mule were the most photographed residents of Port Isabel! Email steve@southpadretv.tv Site recommended by Jim Viola jim_viola@msn.com |
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Para mi amigo y compañero del Patronato del Museo de la Batalla de la Angostura, A.C. de Saltillo, Coah. Historiador Dr. Carlos Recio Dávila y su apreciable familia. Márgen izq. Dn. Carlos Recio con Da. Ma. Simona Gomez. N. 117. " En el Sagrario de esta Santa Yglesia Catedral de Monterrey a los quince dias del mes de Sept. de mil ochocientos treinta y ocho: mi Vicario el Presb°. Dn. Juan José Calisto casó y veló in facie eclesia á Dn. Carlos Recio, orig°. de la Ciudad de Leona Vicario y recidente en esta hace un mes, hijo leg°. de D. Juan Angel Recio y Da. Ma. Loreto Gil; con Da. Ma. Simona Gomez del mismo origen y recidente en esta hace cinco años, hija lega. de D. José Ma. Gomez y de Da. Ma. Luisa Espinosa, diftos. fueron testigos de su matrimonio D. Bernardo de Ayala y D. Tomas Nuñez y para constancia lo firmé." Fuentes. Family Search. Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los últimos Días. Investigó. Tte. Corl. Intdte. Ret. Ricardo Palmerín Cordero. M.H. Soc. Genealógica y de Historia Familiar de México y de la Soc. de Genealogía de Nuevo León. duardos43@hotmail.com |
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“ En la Yglesia Parroquial de la Villa de Allende, à los veintiocho días del mes de Octubre de mil ochocientos ochenta y dos, yo el Pbro. Francisco Castañeda Cura interino de la misma bautisè solemnemente puse los Santos Oleos y Sagrado Crisma a Lucia Ana de siete meses veintitrés días de nacida. Hija legitima de D. Manuel A. Salinas y de Da. Ma. Ana Crusen. Abuelos paternos D. Ramòn Salinas y Da. Juliana Ponce. Abuelos Maternos D. Enrique Crusen y Da. Natalia Lumpergier, cuyos padrinos fueron D. Luis Elizondo y Da. Francisca Cantù. A quienes advertí de su obligación y parentesco espiritual. Despachè doy fè. Francisco Castañeda.” Lumpergier= Lutzelberger. Investigò. Tte. Corl. Intdte. Ret. Ricardo R. Palmerìn Cordero. M.H. Soc. Genealògica y de Historia Familiar de Mèxico y de la Soc. de Genealogìa de Nuevo Leòn. Miembro Honorario de la Sociedad Genealógica y de Historia Familiar de México http://www.Genealogia.org.mx |
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| =================================== "De México salieron evangelizadores, colonizadores y educadores. El Galeón de Manila reveló al mundo americano la riqueza del oriente fabuloso. Por Acapulco y por San Blas entraron a Nueva España las porcelanas, los marfiles, las sedas del oriente. El Galeón de Manila trajo de Nueva España el oro y la plata de las minas de México; pero más que ese comercio de América Latina existía permanente el contacto e intercambio de ideas. " |
=================================== Muchas familias filipinas llevan aún apellidos castellanos traídos de la Nueva España; muchas familias filipinas reconocen en sus ancestros a gente nacida en el Anáhuac y muchas familias mexicanas de las zonas de Acapulco y San Blas, muchos cientos de ellos reconocen como fundador de su estirpe a un filipino. Teníamos entonces vínculos no solo estrechos sino incluso fraternales. |
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| Aqui el PDF
completo: http://www.diplomaticosescritores.org/obras/ISLASMEXICANASDELPACIFICOHubbard.pdf Más de 14mil km separan Acapulco (México) y Manila (Filipinas) y a pesar de dicha
distancia, sonmuchos los elementos en común que unen a estas dos
naciones. ¿La razón? El Galeón de Manila(o Nao de China) que zurcaba dos veces al año las aguas del Pacífico comerciando entre los puertos
mencionados. Estos lazos se mantuvieron por 250 años hasta que la Nueva España se independizó convirtiéndose en México. Sin embargo, la influencia lingüística, social, religiosa y botánica se preserva hasta hoy día. Lo que el comercio unió, que el olvido no lo
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Estimados amigos Historiadores y
Genealogistas.
Las siguientes personas: |
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Defunción de varias personas que fueron ejecutadas el año de 1813 |
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| “ En dos de Noviembre de mil ochocientos trece en el Sagrario de la Catedral de Monterrey mi Teniente de Cura el Br. Dn. Ygnacio Gonzalez dio sepultura
Ecca. En fabrica de seis pesos seis reales en el mismo sepulcro a los cuerpos
siguientes. Francisco Carrasco casado vecino de esta Ciudad= Josè Mats. Rodriguez casado vecino de Pesquerìa Grande= Pedro Ruiz soltero vecino de Pesquerìa Grande= Guillermo Avila soltero vecino de Sn. Juan de Ahorcados= Pedro Avila soltero vecino de Pesquerìa Grande= Pedro Cervantes soltero de Pesquerìa Grande= Francisco Peña casado vecino de Pesquerìa Grande= Francisco Lopez soltero vecino de Parras= Antonio Reyes casado vecino de Parras= Agapito Escobedo soltero de Pesquerìa Grande= Juan Rodriguez soltero de Pesquerìa Grande.= Los quales habían sido pasados por las armas y sus cuerpos suspendidos por las inmediaciones de la Ciudad en el mes de Julio del mismo año. Y para que conste lo firmamos= Licdo. Fermin de Sada.” |
Fuentes Family Search. Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los últimos Dìas. Asunto: #[Sociedad Genealogica y de Historia Familiar de Mexico] 33446 Año de 1813. Pasados por las armas en Monterrey. M.H. Sociedad Genealògica y de Historia Familiar de Mèxico y de la Sociedad de Genealogìa de Nuevo Leòn. Investigò. Tte. Corl. Intdte. Ret. Ricardo R. Palmerìn Cordero. De: Ricardo Raúl Palmerín Cordero |
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Tracing Slave Origins- - Philipsburg, St. Martin
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| Researchers using a newly developed technique that permits the targeted retrieval of ancient genetic material were able to successfully identify the ethnic origins of three enslaved Africans found buried together on the Caribbean island of St. Martin, even though the surviving DMA was highly fragmented. Known locally as the Zoutsteeg Three, the two men and one woman (ages 25-40) had been found by construction workers in 2010. At that time, archaeologists were immediately struck by the condition of the individuals' teeth, which had been intentionally filed down, a modification commonly associated with certain regions of Africa. While DNA does not survive well in tropical environments, experts from the University of |
Copenhagen and Stanford University used whole-genome capture and next-generation sequencing to isolate the scant DNA remains of the Zoutsteeg Three. By comparing this evidence with the DNA of modern West African populations, they have learned that one of the slaves likely originated among the Bantu-speaking population of Cameroon, while the other two probably came from non-Bantu-speaking regions of Nigeria and Ghana. "We were able to show that we can use genome data to trace the genetic origins of enslaved Africans with far greater precision than previously thought possible," says Hannes Schroeder of the University of Copenhagen. "This has important implications for the study of Caribbean slavery and the archaeology of the African
diaspora." |
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LA ENCICLOPEDIA DE LA PRESENCIA ESPAÑOLA EN ESTADOS UNIDOS MENÉNDEZ DE AVILÉS Pedro Avilés [Asturias] 15/2/1510 Santander [Cantabria] 16/9/1574 Redactor: José Antonio Crespo-Francés http://www.espausa.com/entrada/pedro_menendez_de_aviles1 |
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Colaboración con Instituto Franklin de Estudios Norteamericanos de la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH) para la “Enciclopedia de la Presencia Española en los Estados Unidos, 1ª Parte: 1513-1881” (“Enciclopedia EspaUSA”) en la entrada dedicada a Pedro Menéndez de Avilés. |
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| Comenzó su vida en el mar a los catorce años, tras enrolarse como grumete de un barco de guerra y se dedicó a perseguir y capturar piratas y corsarios en el Cantábrico. Cinco años más
tarde, armó un barco con cincuenta hombres y ganó experiencia capturando navíos
franceses. Cuando el emperador Carlos V se enteró de la fama de Menéndez de Avilés, lo autorizó a continuar con sus acciones contra los
franceses. Después de su ataque contra el puerto francés de La Rochelle, en el que Menéndez de Avilés recuperó cinco de las dieciocho naves vizcaínas que fueron
capturadas, el Emperador le encargó en 1554 que se trasladase a Flandes y fue conocido como el nuevo héroe de la marinería española. Cuando Felipe II se convirtió en el nuevo rey, en 1556, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés fue nombrado Capitán General de la Escuadra de Armas. Su labor era apoyar a los Tercios que luchan en Francia y Flandes. En 1552 zarpó hacia América y fue nombrado con 35 años de edad Capitán General de la Flota de Indias. En 1561, Menéndez se hizo cargo de una gran flota de Indias que zarpó de Cádiz rumbo a La Habana con la misión de traer metales desde Nueva España hasta la península. Igualmente tenía la misión de atrapar al rebelde Lope de Aguirre y hacerlo regresar a España para ser enjuiciarlo pues además de enloquecer se había vuelto contra su propio rey, pero cuando llegó, a Aguirre ya le habían cortado la cabeza los indios. Regresó con la flota de galeones que trasportaban metales preciosos desde Nueva España a la península ibérica. En España, pidió permiso para regresar en busca del buque perdido en el que cree que viajaba su hijo, pero el permiso le fue denegado. Es detenido por la Casa de la Contratación de Sevilla junto con su hermano, Bartolomé Menéndez de Avilés, y una vez fuera de la cárcel consiguió que le permitieran buscar a su hijo bajo la condición de que acabara con todos los franceses protestantes hugonotes que estaban instalados en la zona y habían fundado el fuerte de Fort Caroline, bajo las órdenes de René Goulaine de Laudonnière y Jean Ribault. Menéndez de Avilés lanzó ataques contra los asentamientos y barcos. Dadas las dificultades en la navegación por ausencia de fondeaderos, no pudo ejecutar un ataque por mar sobre el fuerte francés con cuatro barcos, y regresó a su campamento, la futura ciudad de San Agustín, lo que motivó un contraataque de Ribault con cinco barcos y 500 hombres. Esta expedición fue desperdigada por un huracán. Derrotada la flota enemiga, Pedro Menéndez decidió atacar el fuerte marchando por tierra para evitar perder sus navíos por las tormentas. Durante la marcha de tres días perdió a cien de sus quinientos soldados por enfermedades y deserciones. Con los años, el pueblo empezaba a pasar penurias por la falta de provisiones. Ante esta situación, el capitán decidió poner rumbo a Cuba para pedir ayuda. Le fue denegada y Menéndez partió hacia España para quejarse a Felipe II, quien, lo creyó y a su vez lo nombró gobernador de Cuba. Regresó al Caribe, a La Florida, para ayudar a los suyos. Pasó por Georgia, Carolina del Sur y el canal de las Bahamas para luchar contra piratas y corsarios. Pedro Menéndez llevó a cabo a Primera Acción de Gracias en los Estados Unidos de América (First Thanksgiving day). Pasaron muchos años hasta su vuelta a España, cuando Felipe II planeaba la invasión de Inglaterra y quería contar con Pedro Menéndez de Avilés como uno de sus principalísimos asesores. Enfermó de tifus exantemático y el 17 de septiembre de 1574 murió en Santander. Desde entonces, Avilés llevará el nombre de Villa del Adelantado. Pedro Menéndez fundó San Agustín de La Florida, el 28 de agosto de 1565, cuarenta y dos años antes de que los ingleses establecieran la colonia de Jamestown en Virginia y cincuenta y cinco años antes de que desembarcaran los Padres peregrinos. San Agustín quedo establecido como un fuerte militar a en 1565 para defender la salida del Caribe y expulsar a los franceses de su colonia de Fort Caroline. La figura de Pedro Menéndez, como gobernador y capitán general, es el primer antecedente de la Guardia Nacional. Enlaces Externos:
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CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA Untangling an Accounting Tool and an Ancient Incan Mystery Exploradores Españoles en el Pacífico News on the Archivo de "Lenchita" Maria Guardado |
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Untangling an Accounting Tool and an Ancient Incan Mystery by William Neuman JAN. 2, 2016 LIMA, Peru — In a dry canyon strewn with the ruins of a long-dead city, archaeologists have made a discovery they hope will help unravel one of the most tenacious mysteries of ancient Peru: how to read the knotted string records, known as khipus, kept by the Incas. Patricia Landa, an archaeological conservator, painstakingly cleans and untangles the khipus at her house in Lima. Credit William Neuman/The New York Times |
At the site called Incahuasi, about 100 miles south of Lima, excavators have found, for the first time, several khipus in the place where they were used — in this case, a storage house for agricultural products where they appear to have been used as accounting books to record the amount of peanuts, chili peppers, beans, corn and other items that went in and out. In some cases the khipus — the first ones were found at the site in 2013 — were buried under the remnants of centuries-old produce, which was preserved thanks to the extremely dry desert conditions. That was a blockbuster discovery because archaeologists had previously found khipus only in graves, where they were often buried with the scribes who created and used the devices. Many others are in the possession of collectors or museums, stripped of information relating to their provenance. Khipus are made of a series of cotton or wool strings hanging from a main cord. Each string may have several knots, with the type and location of the knot conveying meaning. The color of the strands used to make the string and the way the strands are twisted together may also be part of the khipus’ system of storing and relaying information. More: Source: http://www.democraticunderground.com/122844541 Sent by John Inclan fromgalveston@yahoo.com |
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EXPLORADORES ESPAÑOLES EN EL PACÍFICO. Intervención radiofónica en la emisora Es.Radio, el domingo 3 de junio de 2012, en el programa “Sin Complejos”, dentro de la sección titulada “Españoles Olvidados”, en esta ocasión dedicado a “Los exploradores del Pacífico, soldados viejos y estropeados, especialmente en homenaje a los marinos Ruy López de Villalobos y Ortiz de Retes, protagonistas de los dos últimos intentos de búsqueda del Tornaviaje y descubrimiento de Nueva Guinea”. Fonoteca de Es.Radio: José Antonio Crespo rinde un pequeño homenaje a aquellos soldados españoles que viejos y estropeados, y sobre todo, olvidados, como Ruy López de Villalobos y Ortiz de Retes. Esta semana, los que surcaban el Pacífico. Saludos, Carlos |
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Dear everyone, brothers and sisters, eternally faithful to the memory of 'Lenchita¨ Maria Guardado I, Dorinda Moreno, am in Baja California, Mexico, settling in with organizing the materials making up the ¨Lenchita Archive¨, together with the FMG collaborators devoting our team work toward the implementation of the important projects that will honor the life and work of Maria Lenchita Guardado: to preserve and protect this archive and issue an account of Maria¨s body of work on the many tasks and thoughts of Maria Guardado and action circles. This project originated with our intent to produce a visual narrative of her life and this began here in Baja California in May of this year, and unfortunately it was in this time when our sister and comadre transitioned. Maria¨s hoped for her final farewell gift for her loyal friends and followers from the contemporary movements of the last decades was within this final wish. And though all understood her passing was eminent, her death still took us almost by surprise because Maria, such the fighter she was, was forever strong in life, although the cancer against which she fought finally took her to her eternal rest. And, the book she wished to be ready for her loyal friends was put on hold. She wanted to see realized a book of testimonials and photos she prepared for her sacred departure, to be distributed at her funeral. Unfortunately this was not to be so before her ensuing death, and wished that I, her eternal sister to present this special task. And, that now has grown to caring for her life time work and dedication to not only being the lead in bridging many movements, but to archiving and preserving the communications from the movement of community developments and actions. Therefore, I forward this appeal and call for participation from her many circles of caring, and that share an interest in setting up this project--which is intended to be not only a book, but also a continuation of her lauded documentary by the esteemed film maker and actor, Randy Vasquez, "The Maria Guardado Story" as well as a web page, for sharing her well organized records (documents, books, accounts, photos), videos of their works on YouTube, an exhibition of her important work as a prominent figure in the history of El Salvador and Central America, and in the future, an envisioned 'Instituto Lenchita' Historical Studies. All this work disseminated among his large circle of close friends, family and faithful students, fellow teachers and all in general interested in the struggle for a better world. With this purpose, we have come to Mexico to install our study team to organize and promote this Archive and to write about it with the subsequent intent to finally settle into a center of historical research of social movements in El Salvador and Central America, or in a university in Mexico, where with contemporary technology it can be accessed digitally to be studied worldwide. I give thanks for the support and sacred trust of Maria¨s family, Jorge Morales, Rosie, Mercedes y hijo Gerardo Patino, Maritza, Tita, Sulma, Santos, Pablo. as well as our sisters Maria Ornelas and Judith Garcia (Chief, Danza Azteca Cuauhtemoc) and life-long friends and collaborators: Maria Ornelas, Sandra Williams, Rudy, Martha y Oscar Cintigo, Pastor Tomas Lopez, The Hispanic Unitarian Congregation Monsenor Oscar Romero, Rafael Escamilla, Ricardo y Noemy Zelada, Adalila Zelada, Rosa y Rodolfo Pisani, Ruben Tapia, Blase and Theresa Bonpane, Ed Asner, Martin Sheen, Sofia Quinones, Aaron Montenegro, Ulis and Sandra Sunshine Williams, Sandra Matamoros, Julio Mendoza, Mario Martinez, Tammy Bang Luu, Ana Irma Rivas, Miriam y Emily Huwrw, Jean Waldorf Black, Chole Alatorre and Cuca Alatorre, Rosa Marta Zarate, Rosalio Munoz, Rudy Acuna, as well as the team of collaborators that help make this project, among which are Esteban Delgadillo, Carlos Proa, and Carlos Alfonso y Isa <la gatita). In all the above and all stakeholders, I invite you to organize, in May 2016, a ceremony of homage to Maria Guardado, on the first anniversary of her death. Surely, all feel the void in the heartfelt farewell of Maria from our lives but not our memories, and this work will help us to endure her departure with everyones blessing the projects that emerge from this important archive which means the dedication of a lifetime of struggle of the Companera Lenchita (Maria Guardado), for whom Monsignor Oscar Arnulfo Romero at the time of her detention called for her release from the Squadrons of Death (Esquadrones de Muerte), that put Maria to be arrested and horribly tortured by the Salvadoran military. Monsignor Oscar Arnulfo, assassinated asking for Lenchita freedom, while giving the homily at Mass. And, given the special circumstance of the sacred bond with Mons. Romero, in the same year and day when the Pope beatified him as Santo Francisco Romero, the body of Maria Guardado was blessed in her return to El Salvador for her final resting place, Maria's body arriving home on the same day that the Salvadoran people celebrated the appointment of Monsignor Romero, as Santo Romero. That said, that miracle of fate that these two great figures in the history of El Salvador, are linked in this act for all eternity. And thus also be it said, that In 2016, in the country of origin of Maria Lenchita, El Salvador, and as already mentioned, all must honor her work with all its color and respect because it is as it shall forever remain a solely unique and imperative testimony that gives homage to her profound participation in the history of El Salvador and Latin America, for always. Those who met Maria are forever linked to this special sisterhood that Comandanta Lenchita, Maria Lenchita Guardado, provided across the continent from her deep rooted and intense dedication to life and struggle. The miracle she represented valiantly as a survivor from the death squads of El Salvador, and while in detention enduring extreme physical abuse and torture--with these testimonies infused into the life works we are inspired to make happen for illuminating her life works and publishing in 2016, with a team of historians and writers, in Baja California, Mexico. It is noteworthy also that there will be other projects planned, apart from the tribute to Maria Guardado, an exhibition honoring her legacy and a plan for a mural dedicated to her in El Salvador, which needs broad support for lobbying to bring honor to her work. We plan, likewise, to assist Maria's family residing in the US, to participate in these major events. Please receive this message with the pride we of Fuerza Mundial Global network, feel so endearingly in dedicating our best efforts in delivering the vision of our sister Maria Lenchita Guardado, her deep desire to enlighten the world over her great country, El Salvador. With her testimony, we hope to alleviate some of the suffering and serving in the continuance of building a future of peace for future generations. It is with great respect and in this humble request from the FMG Board of Directors, to embark on this sacred journey and challenge, for keeping the priortiy that Maria's gave to all, and as her life friend and sister, serve in maintaining the vision of Maria Lorenza Guardado, so that someday soon we may establish an institution or a center for historical studies based on the Lenchita Archive as a model for historic struggles and social change, This, we pledge on behalf of her beloved country, El Salvador. Viva Maria "Lenchita"! Long live the Causes of Peoples in Movement! Sincerely: Dorinda Moreno Fuerza Mudial Global Lenchita Archive, Maria Guardado, Siempre Presente! All donations no matter how small are needed and appreciated Fuerza Mundial 501(c)3, nonprofit organization, all donations are tax deductible PO Box 3125 Santa Maria CA 93457-3125 A PRIMER LIST FROM THE MANY WHO HAVE SUPPORTED EL SALVADOR AND MARIA LORENZA GUARDADO IN HER EXILE HERE IN THE U,S. PLEASE RECEIVE PARTIAL LIST. In Memorium Mon. Oscar Romero, Maria Luisa Martinez (Abuela), Don White, Virginia Reede, Marisa de los Andes, Fr. Olivarez (Guadalupe, La Placita Olvera), Amigos del Ayer y Hoy First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles, Rev. Rick Holt Daniels, Rev. Tomas Lopez, La Refalosa, Dr. Detlef Schwartz, Ryan Humphrey, Bus Riders Union, SEIU, Ana Irma Rivas, Sandra Matamoros, Rafael Escamilla, Ricardo Zelada, Maria Ornelas, Mario Martinez, Rosalio Mendiola, Sara Martinez, Gloria Alvarez, Raquel Salinas, Ralph Cole (JusticeVille), Nilo Cayuqueo, Carlos Escorcia, Armando Martinez (Chicano poet), Dionne Espinoza, PhD, Elena Montefierro, Hayde Sanchez, Mariana Francisco (Clinica Romero), Marvin Pinto, Angela Zanbrano, Mac Miller, Valencia Klein, Mario Avila, Jose Gomez (Escuela de Las Americas)l, Veronica Federovsky (NDLON), Laura Jung (School of the Americas Watch), Antonio Linares, Kery Ramirez, Ricardo Moreno, Alex (Conciencia Libre), Mercedes Molina, Hector Perla, Randy Vasquez, Oly y Araceli, Mayeo, Berta Cazares, Victor Martinez, Carlos Montes, Lisa Carlile (Health), Atty. Madeline Rios, Rigoberta Menchu, Florencio Adame, Felix Sanchez, Laura Beltran, Luis Lopez, Dr, Roberto Rodriguez (X Column), Jorge Mercado, Sen. Gilbert Zedillo, Mario Beltran, Aaron Montenegro, Meredith Brown, Ruben Martinez, Patricia Lazalde, Juan Martinez, Rosana Perez, Gloria Arellanes, Rosa Marta Zarate Partial list and growing... |
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Guaján--Guam
Españoles Olvidados: Los Olvidados de Hawaii Iñigo Ortiz de Retes Intento de Regreso a Nueva Expaña La historia robada del Pacificio Español Exploraciones de la Nueva España a la actual Costa Oeste de Canadá Guadalcanal, Nation of Solomon Islands in the south-western Pacific Multiples Hazañas Españnoles en el Sigo XVI |
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Intervención radiofónica en la emisora Es.Radio de Libertad Digital, el domingo 29 de septiembre de 2013, en el programa “Sin Complejos”, dentro de la sección titulada “Españoles Olvidados”, en esta ocasión dedicado a “Los españoles olvidados de Guam (Guaján)” que solos, sin recursos y abandonados en medio del Pacífico desconocían el hecho de la guerra hispano norteamericana. Fonoteca de Es.Radio: José Antonio Crespo-Francés nos habla de los españoles olvidados de la isla de Guajám o Guam, isla del Pacífico perteneciente a los EEUU de América en la actualidad. http://esradio.libertaddigital.com/fonoteca/2013-09-29/espanoles-olvidados-los-olvidados-de-guam-64316.html LOS OLVIDADOS DE GUAJÁN. En la publicación digital www.elespiadigital en la sección Informes publica el 15 de septiembre de 2013 el trabajo dedicado a los últimos defensores de la isla de Guam, olvidada en el Pacífico bajo el título “Los olvidados de la isla de Guam (Guaján)”. En este sencillo trabajo se saca a la luz otra tierra de españoles olvidados sembrada de topónimos hispanos, donde muchos dejaron su vida desde la exploración al asentamiento y poblamiento hasta su defensa final. |
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DESCUBRIMIENTO DE LA ISLA DE GUAJÁN (hoy más conocida como Guam). Es el 6 de marzo de 1521 cuando un marinero de aquella tripulación grita por fin: ¡Tierra! Es la isla de Guaján. No se lo puede creer. Debe de ser un espejismo que la fiebre hace ver sobre la siempre igual superficie del mar sin fin. Pero es tierra, la tierra que han deseado con todo el alma contemplar, con la que han soñado un día tras otro desde que noventaiocho jornadas antes partieran esperanzados desde el extremo sur de América en su viaje alrededor del mundo. Tras un malentendido entre nativos austronesios y españoles, éstos fueron capaces de conseguir frutas, verduras y agua a cambio de ofrecer hierro a los nativos, una mercancía altamente apreciada por la gente del Neolítico. Seguidamente la flota española continuó su viaje hacia el oeste. Datos tomados de Los Olvidados de Guajan en Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Espa%C3%B1oles-Olvidados-1653897781518582/?fref=photo Sent by Dr. Carlos A. Campos y Escalante campce@gmail.com |
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| Intervención radiofónica en la emisora Es.Radio de Libertad Digital, el domingo 4 de mayo de 2014, en el programa “Sin
Complejos”, dentro de la sección titulada “Españoles Olvidados”, en esta ocasión dedicado a “Españoles
olvidados: los olvidados de Hawaii” en el que pone de relieve es descubrimiento español de estas islas en el Pacífico, el trozo de tierra isleña más alejado de cualquier tierra continental mucho antes de que el navegante inglés Cook lo hiciera con mapas españoles y
portugueses. Fonoteca de Es.Radio: José Antonio Crespo-Francés recuerda a los españoles que llegaron a Hawaii y que fueron los primeros en llegar a las islas del Pacífico. http://esradio.libertaddigital.com/fonoteca/2014-05-04/ espanoles-olvidados-los-olvidados-de-hawaii-73362.html |
 Sent by Dr. Carlos A. Campos y Escalante campce@gmail.com |
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| En la publicación digital www.elespiadigital en la sección Informes publica el 3 de noviembre de 2013 el trabajo dedicado a la expedición de intento de regreso a América desde Filipinas y descubrimiento de Nueva Guinea por parte de Ortiz de
Retes, en el trabajo titulado “Un español desconocido: El marino alavés Iñigo Ortiz de
Retes”. En este trabajo se expone la aventura de este español universal, a la luz del amplio territorio geográfico que iluminó en una zona especialmente oscura en su época. Por su extensión y significado el mayor logro fue la exploración y la posesión de la gran isla de Nueva Guinea. Aún hoy todavía muchos de los topónimos dados por los españoles siguieron usándose durante más de tres siglos, y algunos todavía perviven. No nos cabe duda de que el amplio trabajo cartográfico de la campaña ayudó a un mayor y mejor conocimiento de las aguas del Pacífico, cimentando así la empresa posterior de Legazpi y sobre todo la definitiva de Urdaneta. La intuición de Ortiz de Retes y de quienes le precedieron sobre la existencia de importantes territorios en la zona austral del Pacífico, alentaron las siguientes exploraciones en busca de la Terra Australis, en su mayoría ya lanzadas desde el Virreinato del Perú. http://www.elespiadigital.com/index.php/informes /3511-un-espanol-desconocido-el-marino-alaves -inigo-ortiz-de-retes |
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| La conquista británica de Manila en 1762 supuso el colapso de buena parte de la memoria de la presencia española en
Asia/Pacífico: más de 200 años de navegación y relaciones con culturas y
civilizaciones. Asimismo, inició una guerra cultural cuya pervivencia sorprende todavía en nuestros días: una política consciente de eliminación de las huellas hispánicas y su sustitución por un discurso hegemónico británico. Esa «guerra» comienza con el último gobernador británico de Manila: Alexander
Dalrymple. Espía, cartógrafo y estadista revolucionario de la East India Company, fue una de las figuras intelectuales que configuró el denominado segundo imperio británico. Más allá del saqueo de la ciudad, el último gobernador británico de Manila, Dalrymple, ordena la toma de la mayor parte de los fondos documentales de la ciudad. Dalrymple sabe lo que hace. Manila era el centro documental y cartográfico más importante del Pacífico. En mi investigación, presentada en el Museo Naval el pasado 17 de diciembre gracias a la hospitalidad de la Armada española, he podido confirmar qué documentación y de qué archivos se apropia Dalrymple. Así, saquea sobre todo la importantísima biblioteca del gran convento agustino de San Pablo. Allí pudo obtener un tesoro bibliográfico y cartográfico: toda la labor mapística de Urdaneta, quien fue agustino, documentación que, perfeccionada, seguía en uso por los marinos españoles de entonces y que mayormente sigue desaparecida. Las órdenes religiosas hacían competencia por acrecentar los descubrimientos y liderar proyectos de evangelización. Este acto de espionaje fue también de destrucción y supuso la eliminación del enorme registro cultural que existía, incluso el diplomático. Algunas obras maestras de la cultura española y universal desaparecen. Plan secreto, nuevo imperio Dalrymple se da inmediata cuenta del alcance de esta documentación para su país y en 1765 regresa a Londres para obtener respaldo de la dirección de la East India Company para la colonización de la llamada entonces Terra Australis Incognita. salvo porLas anteriores expediciones inglesas al Pacífico habían sido un fracaso, algunas depredaciones corsarias. Dalrymple reconoce en sus escritos que en los primeros sesenta años del siglo XVIII no había nada que la navegación inglesa hubiera aportado a la geografía del Pacífico. Esto iba a cambiar y se haría con mapas españoles. El plan era delicado y con una potencia con la que se había firmado una paz justo entonces. Así que la ocasión, que protegería el secreto, la dio la Royal Society: estaban organizando una serie de mediciones, por todo el planeta, a propósito del tránsito de Venus (para determinar la distancia Tierra-Sol) por iniciativa del Almirantazgo. La expedición política y exploratoria planeada por Dalrymple, recurriría a un subterfugio científico: el viaje a Tahití para complementar las observaciones de Venus. Pero Dalrymple, espía y estadista, es precisamente el principal problema de su plan. Los españoles no admitirían al saqueador de ciudades y de mapas, navegando en el Mar del Sur. Además, para el Almirantazgo, Dalrymple representa los intereses de la Compañía Británica de las Indias Orientales una entidad político mercantil con la que tenían graves conflictos como se vio en la toma de Manila. Su condición de civil, además, disminuía las posibilidades soberanistas y políticas del viaje. Cook, la solución discreta El Almirantazgo buscó a otro hombre, alguien anónimo, que supiera de cartografía y que no levantase sospechas. Lo encontró en el Máster James Cook. Con 39 años, no era todavía teniente, cargo al que se podía postular desde los 20. El hombre perfecto para el viaje secreto y político más importante del siglo XVIII. Fue nombrado teniente sólo para esta expedición a despecho de Dalrymple, más joven y conocedor del Pacífico y respaldado por la Royal Society. Los dibujos de Cook sobre el tránsito de Venus, demuestran que este no era desde luego buen observador y sus gráficos son inconsistentes. Obviamente no fue ésa la misión del teniente James Cook. Entonces, ¿cómo se utilizó la cartografía española en el viaje de Cook?Ahí entran en juego unas instrucciones secretas que le dió el Almirantazgo. La cartografía española definió el rumbo y el éxito del gran marino. El resto lo hizo una enorme actividad publicística diseñada con entusiasmo. Dalrymple dispuso de mucho material cartográfico español, la narración fundamental, se encuentra en el denominado Memorial de Arias: relata el viaje del piloto Juan Fernández en 1576, quien en un viaje desde Chile y ciñéndose a la latitud 40º constante, llega a una tierra que Dalrymple no duda que es el continente Austral. Será ese derrotero el que el Almirantazgo imponga a Cook, en las instrucciones secretas que después de dejar claro el carácter político del viaje expresan: «Debe dirigirse hacia el Sur para descubrir el Continente antes mencionado hasta que llegue a la Latitud de 40°(...) entre la Latitud que acaba de decirse y la Latitud de 35° hasta que lo descubra». Cook se ciñe repetidamente a esa latitud hasta alcanzar Nueva Zelanda. Al comprobar que es una isla, continúa hasta Australia. Cook: Nace la leyenda La leyenda se creó inmediatamente después. El primer Lord del Almirantazgo contrató, por una cifra fabulosa entonces, 6.000 libras, al escritor de moda: John Hawkesworth quien convirtió a Cook en un personaje que sobrepasa al navegante y al militar, que acaba encarnando para Gran Bretaña las leyes históricas y morales, equiparadas a las leyes de la naturaleza. Dalrymple luchó como pudo e hizo imprimir un libro sobre las navegaciones españolas en el pacífico en 1767, que además viajó con Cook. El cardenal Francis Moran denunció en 1905 el uso manipulado de la historia para justificar la discriminación de los católicos en el imperio Británico y argumentaba que fue el católico Quirós el primer europeo que descubre Australia y era injusta esa postergación. El eclipse que vio Quirós Lo cierto es que la incierta medición de la longitud impidió la reconstrucción del viaje de Quirós. Leyendo los distintos diarios de navegación advertí que se describía un evento astronómico, en concreto un eclipse de luna, del que se hicieron varias observaciones. Se me ocurrió que la descripción de la observación hecha por los distintos pilotos en ese viaje podía servir para determinar cuál era su posición. Era una propuesta inédita que en algunos casos podría ser de gran utilidad para los historiadores. Solicité ayuda al Observatorio Astronómico Nacional y allí obtuve el apoyo técnico de un importante astrónomo: Tomás Alonso. El eclipse precede a su llegada a Vanuatu, por lo cual no sería él quien vio Australia, sino su compañero de viaje, Váez de Torres. El problema de la determinación de la longitud en un momento concreto no fue resuelto hasta muy tarde en el siglo XVIII. Esa incertidumbre nunca pudo ser cerrada, al 100%, en la controvertida reconstrucción del viaje de Quirós. Las conclusiones del cálculo histórico efectuado por Tomás Alonso (reflejadas en el gráfico) son que: - El primer circulo aparece con el inicio de la fase parcial del eclipse, observada a 37º de elevacion, -El segundo anillo aparece al inicio de la fase total. Con la Luna a 52.5º de elevación. - Toda la zona de interseccion entre +9 y -10º de latitud esastronomicamente compatible con los datos de los diarios de navegación, suponiendo 1º de error y la banda de tiempo para las 20h con 1h de error. La posicion en longitud mas compatible con latitud de 10º sur seria, aceptando 15 minutos de retraso en la observación, de 176.4º Este. La conclusión fue que Quirós no llegó a alcanzar Australia. He aquí un resumen de las bases que demuestran la persistencia del prejuicio, y de que este es parte de un discurso oficial que oculta uno de los viajes más planificados y secretos de la historia. Podríamos sumar las acusaciones de alteraciones de yacimientos arqueológicos, la sustitución –por defecto– de exploraciones españolas por portuguesas u holandesas. Una guerra cultural que debe superarse. http://www.abc.es/cultura/abci-australia-y-gran-historia-robada-pacifico-espanol -201512262116_noticia.html?ref_m2w=https://www.facebook.com/ Sent by Dr. Carlos A. Campos y Escalante campce@gmail.com |
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Estas exploraciones están totalmente ligadas con el capítulo en el que se detallan las exploraciones a Alaska, pues formaron parte de las mismas expediciones. La primera incursión NovoHispana (Mexicana) en la zona ocurrió en 1592 con la exploración de Juan de Fuca, Griego de nacimiento, pero a la orden del Imperio más importante de ese siglo: el Español. De 1592 a 1770 pasaron 178 años en los que no hubo una expedición apropiada que afianzara la tutela de la Nueva España sobre esos territorios. El gran empuje generación de Carlos V, Cortés y demás personajes del siglo XVI desaparecería de la escena Española. La decadencia comenzaría. Por desgracia el 'móvil' que alentó a los Virreyes de la Nueva España y al propio Rey de España a organizar estas expediciones fue que Rusos e Ingleses ya merodeaban la región con la intención de apropiarse de esos territorios. Las primeras exploraciones con propósitos colonizadores se planearon a partir de 1770; España fundó la Nueva España en 1522 por lo que había desperdiciado 250 años en los que nadie se había entrometido en esos territorios. Dos siglos y medio que no podría recomponer por más esfuerzos que hiciera. Alaska y el actual Canadá formaban parte de la Nueva España, aunque no habían sido apropiadamente explorados ni poblados. Las exploraciones marítimas partían de San Blas y eran reabastecidas de víveres y materiales en los puertos de MonteRey y San Francisco. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Vancouver-island-relief.jpg featured image Izquierda: mapa que muestra el estrecho de Juan de Fuca que separa la isla de Vancouver (Canadá) de la península Olímpica en el edo.de Washington. Juan de Fuca, Griego al servicio de España, partió de la Nueva España en 1592 y llegó hasta estas latitudes. Madrid desperdició 200 años sin colonizar estas tierras. Para cuando quiso hacerlo, otras potencias harían lo mismo. Dentro del estrecho bautizó igualmente las islas Alavés, López y San Juan, que aún mantienen sus nombres. Derecha: vista del estrecho desde el lado Estadounidense. http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=2CD45C52-E620-643C-EE424279A3101499 La primera exploración en forma fué dirigida por Juan Pérez, quien a bordo del 'Santiago' y ante la falta de víveres, las enfermedades de la tripulación y la gran distancia marítima decidió regresar a la Ciudad de México dejando pendiente la fundación de una colonia NovoHispana en la costa norte del actual EU y sur de Canadá.
En esa exploración se encontraba cuando recibió la noticia de que el barco que traía las instrucciones para negociar con los Españoles había llegado finalmente a Nutka, pero para su sorpresa la embarcación no traía las instrucciones que Londres supuestamente le señalaba. |
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| Guadalcanal (indigenous name:
Isatabu) is the principal island in Guadalcanal Province of the nation of Solomon Islands in the south-western Pacific, northeast of Australia. It was discovered by the Spanish expedition of Álvaro de Mendaña in 1568. The name comes from Guadalcanal, a village in the province of Seville, in Andalusia, Spain, birthplace of Pedro de Ortega Valencia, a member of Mendaña's expedition. During 1942–43 it was the scene of the Guadalcanal Campaign, and saw bitter fighting between Japanese and US troops; the Americans were ultimately victorious. At the end of the war, Honiara, on the north coast of Guadalcanal, became the new capital of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. |
 Guadalcanal is mainly covered in dense tropical rainforest and it has a mountainous interior. |
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MENDAÑA Y EL DESCUBRIMIENTO DE GUADALCANAL Intervención radiofónica en la emisora Es.Radio de
Libertad Digital, el domingo 25 de agosto de 2013, en el programa
“Sin Complejos”, dentro de la sección titulada “Españoles
Olvidados”, en esta ocasión dedicado a “Álvaro de Mendaña y
Pedro Ortega, los olvidados de Gudalcanal” en la gran proeza del
descubrimiento de las Islas Salomón y el bautismo de la isla de
Guadalcanal.
Sent by Dr. Carlos A. Campos y Escalante |
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Realizadas desde el Nuevo Mundo con navios fabricados en Nueva España y Perú y tripulaciones? de todas regiones de los virreinatos, muchos de ellos ya criollos o mestizos. Los no nacidos en los reinos de España lo eran en los reinos españoles de ultramar. (recordar que Juan de Oñate, conquistador del Nuevo México era nacido ya en México-Tenochtitlan y era nieto de Moctezuma ... y como él muchos) TRES TITANES POR EL PACÍFICO. En la publicación digital www.elespiadigital en la sección Informes publica el 22 de febrero de 2015 el trabajo dedicado Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón, Álvaro de Mendaña y Neyra y Pedro Fernández de Quirós como precursores de la exploración en el Océano Pacífico, trabajo titulado: “Tres titanes por el Pacífico”. Nueva Guinea, las Molucas, Marshall, Almirantazgo, Salomón, Marquesas… todo fue explorado por navegantes españoles antes que por ningún otro... |
| See More de la página de Españoles Olvidados https://www.facebook.com/1653897781518582/photos/a.1654642741444086.1073741829.1653897781518582/1705080953066931/?type=3 Sent by Carlos A. Campos y Escalante |
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Tango delle Rose by Eddie Calderón, Ph.D. The English Language in the USA by Eddie AAA Calderón, Ph.D.
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Tango delle Rose |
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Tango
delle Rose (Tango
of the Roses) is
a very beautiful
Italian song in tango
rhythm that has become
popular not only in
Italy but all over the
world. I first
heard this song,
as a 4 year old
played, without lyrics
over the radio almost
daily by the
neighbour's house in
my country early in
the morning. I
continued to hear this
music as I woke up
in the morning to
prepare for my first
grade school. I
thought all along that it
was a Philippine
music. I did not
realise its foreign
origin until I
heard it in a
long-playing disc
record I borrowed from
a public library in
Minneapolis,
Minnesota. I started a
hobby of listening and
then tape-recording
songs from long
playing records
borrowed from several
public libraries here
in the Minneapolis/St
Paul areas of
Minnesota.
I first
heard the
Italian lyrics of this
song while listening
to an Italian long
playing record. This
beautiful song
was written in 1928 by
Filippo Schreier and
Aldo Bottero.
When my parents came
to Minnesota, I played
this particular
Italian song on tape
for him and my mothers
along with other
beautiful tape
recorded songs. My
father who also loved
music, singing, and
playing the guitar
liked this particular
Italian song very
much. He told me that
he heard it back home
frequently but did not
realise its Italian
origin until I told
him about it. My
father was the one who bestowed
upon me the love of
music both native and
foreign especially
music of the past
including those from
his hometown. I
still sing those songs
I heard from him and
also from my mother.
My father also taught
me how to play the
guitar.
As
I was growing up
in an inspired
music
surrounding, I
heard
other songs that
I learnt later
were of Italian
in origin rather
than American
and I will
discuss this at
the end of this
article.
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Now in the autumn of life, I start to reminisce among other things those beautiful songs of the pastI have not much problem understanding the Italian lyrics of the Tango delle Rose song as I am very fluent in Spanish and both Spanish and Italian languages belong to the Romance language. The Romance language came from Latin and its members are Italian with its many different languages and dialects, Spanish (Catalan also and other Spanish languages/dialects in Spain), French, Portuguese, Romansh (one of the four official languages of Switzerland) and Romanian. The Romanian language spoken in Romania and Moldova--the latter used to be part of the USSR which used to be known as Moldavia-- has several Slavic words and expressions that are quite different from the other Romance languages. The Gypsies from Spain who had migrated to the East starting in the 16th century onto what is now Israel carried with them many Spanish terms and expressions. |
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Here
is the
rendition of
this song
and the
lyrics. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7j3TUfGInfQ
Introduction
Là,
là tra le
rose e i
fior
l'idillio incominciò e furon baci,
carezze
audaci
poi le follie della passion "T'amo",
ella
sussurra |
Chorus "Amami! Baciami con passione! Prendimi! Stringimi con ardor! Coglimi! La mia vita è come un fiore: presto fiorisce e presto muore. E'sol per te il mio cuor!"
Ma, ma
venne un
triste dì Folle,
nel
giardin
di rose |
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And speaking of the Italian language, I was in Italy in 1970 when I was on a world tour and going to my country to do a Ph.D. dissertation on Carlos P. Rómulo and the Philippine representation in the United Nations for the University of Minnesota. I talked Italian with some Spanish and French words to the Italians I met on the way especially to those not very much acquainted with languages other than the idiom of Dante Alighieri.
But
the most
interesting
and an
unforgettable
episode and experience
in speaking
this language
in Minnesota
was when I
together with
other foreign
students
including
those from
Latin-America
were invited
to a dinner by
a church
organization.
Just to inform
the readers that
foreign
students have
always been
invited by
host American
families,
churches and
other
organisations on
many occasions
like school
breaks,
Thanksgiving,
Christmas, New
Year, and
other
occasions in
Minnesota as
well as other
places in the
USA.
A
female volunteer
in her late
20's or
early 30's in
that
community
dinner
hosted for
us foreign
students
noticed
that I was
talking
Spanish to
Latin
American
students in
the group.
She said
that she was
Italian-American,
spoke
Italian, and
also knew
Spanish. She
then asked
me if I too
knew
Italian. I
told her
yes. She
then
inquired if
I could say
a phrase in
Italian
which I
was
all very
enthusiastic
to do.
This was
what I told
her:
La vita del
mio cuore
sei solo tu.
(The life of
my heart is
only you.)
She
blushed,
then looked
at me, and
gave me a
nice smile. This
passage is
from the
last lyrics
of this
beautiful
Italian song
Ti
Voglio Tanto
Bene
(I want
you very
much)
which I also
learnt while
collecting
and taping
beautiful
foreign
songs.
See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROSeX6WtCxQ
by Luciano
Pavarotti.
It
is again
easy to
understand
Italian as
well as
Portuguese
especially
in their
written
form.
Lastly
as I indicated
in the beginning
of this article,
Italian songs as
well as American
songs inspired
by Italian music
had been popular
in the
Philippines. To
name a few
examples, they
are Bella,
Bella Marie
and
Torna a
Surriento
(and its
English lyrics--
Comeback
to Sorrento*)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKngNZxgg18 in
Italian and
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YuY-HQZqhA in
English.
And
of course who
will not forget
the American
songs inspired
by Italian
music. To cite a
few, they are
Innamorata
(In Love) by
Dean Martin and
Jerry Vale:
and
That's
Amore by
Dean Martin.(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnoDb0bMQuk).
**
Both
popular singers had
their own real
names other than
the stage names. Jerry
Vale was Genaro
L Vitaliano
and Dean Martin
was Dino Paul
Crocetti.
The two songs
were popular in
my country in
the 50's.
Happy
Valentine's
Day to
Everybody; Buon
giorno di San
Valentino a
Tutti in
Italian,;
and Feliz
Día
de San Valentín
a Todo el
Mundo!!!
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*
Sorrento (Surriento
in Neapolitan
idiom) is a
town overlooking
the Bay
of Naples in Southern
Italy. It
is popular
tourist destination.
In the 50's a
Filipino composed
his own English
lyrics on the song
Torna
a Surriento. I
began singing this song
at age 15 with a
neighbour at night
as we sat on the
stairs of the
outside gate of my
house. I
still remember the
lyrics
of this song.
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Life is heaven
since I met.
I found happiness
in your kiss.
Darling hold me
close and tell me,
It will only be
like this.
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Hold me in
your arms my
darling,
Hold me in your
arms my love.
Tell me that
you'll never leave
me
That's the dream I
dreaming on.
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Tell me that
you'll never leave
me.
Tell me that you
really care.
Autumn,
winter, spring,
and summer,
Darling say
you will be there.
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Hold me in
your arms,
And never
let me go.
You're all I
want for me.
I love you so.
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** If
you want to hear
this song sung by
an Italian singer,
Rocco Granato with
heavy Italian
accent here it
is:
https://www.bing.com/videos/searchq=that%27s+amore+by+an+italian+singer&view=detail&qpvt
=that%27s+amore+by+an+italian+singer&mid=0F49B730FFB950BF7AAD0F49B730FFB950BF7AAD
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By
Eddie AAA Calderón, Ph.D. |
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Language is a fascinating topic for me and of course this fascination has made me learn and speak more languages other than my own. This fascination was one of the factors that have brought me to places around the world. In the case of the English language, which I had learnt as I grew up and has since studied in school, is spoken by the British, Australians, South Africans, New Zealanders, Americans, Canadians, and others and they have their own way of saying things with varied intonations, pronunciation, and expressions or slang. Consequently we see in particular a variation on accents and way of saying things in American English. But with the advent of modern means of communication such as the internet and others, things observed in the past seem to have made major changes. The focus of this article is my observation on how the spoken American English has evolved since I came to the United States in September, 1964. I had a formal education in learning the English language since I started going to school and therefore tried to speak it the way it would be just like the written English and as much as possible tried to pronounce the words the way they should be even though my mentors were not native speakers. Also if one learns a language at a later part of life especially starting the mid-teens, it would be a difficult task to make proper pronunciation of words. Our speech pattern in learning new languages especially when they are not linguistically related to ours get stuck to our grown way of speaking the desired linguistic intonation and pronunciation. And this is further complicated by the fact that our mentors are not native speakers and their pronunciations/intonations are not the same as native English speakers. When I came to the USA, I did not expect that the spoken language would not be the way I learnt it formally in school especially when I talked to Americans who were not privileged to go to college. I also began to realise that spoken English depending on where the persons in the USA came from would had different intonation and pronunciation (slang). People living in different regions especially if they were historically segregated from the rest of the population would develop a slang or even their own English dialect. I notice that in talking to African-Americans I met they did have a distinct way of talking English and pronouncing the words. I have also noticed for many Americans in the south of the USA different from northern Americans. Even the English spoken in New York city had also its distinct difference. As to popular expressions or queries when I asked Americans during my early years in the USA "How are you?", their answers will be "Fine or I am fine." But in recent years the answer has changed to "I am good." Though the question is not how a person feels health-wise but how are things in his/her life or how is s/he doing?, the answer should still be I am fine or I feel okay/good and not I am good.
Another typical American
English are these
statements: He ain't
going nowhere for
he is not going anywhere and the
song entitled:
I'm gonna sit down and write
myself a letter instead of
I am going to sit down to
write a letter (See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rxhT8T44bt8) In
all my stay in this country
since 1964, I have not gotten
used to saying these common
American expressions.
Now this recent addition to the American slang is addressing "How are you" or what's up to the most recent popularized expression coming from one group of people and it is Whazz up man? I first heard the question what's up in the mid seventies from a woman from Massachussetts who was working for the Red Cross when she asked me this question on the phone. Usually she would have asked me "how are you, how are you doing or how are things? But now Whazz up is the most recent interesting slang. Again I have not gotten used to this expression unless I am kidding someone. Recently I notice from watching the television news of people from the south being interviewed the apparent lack of that much prominent and distinct southern accent generally speaking as I observed in the past. And this is also true from young Southerners who recently moved to Minnesota and younger African-Americans in general.
I also notice
that from many young New
Yorkers who now appear to have forsaken
in most instances their
pronunciation of words like
New Joisey for
New Jersey. I still
remember the English spoken in
Boston or the eastern part of
the state or Massachussetts in
the past.
But what would not change in the American spoken way generally speaking is the use of double negatives and the incorrect way of saying the third person singular. For example, I still hear American people say he don't know nothing, a double negative and the wrong conjugation of a verb in the third party singular. The correct way of saying it is he doesn't know anything. Even educated people sometimes have gotten use to the double negative expression as they have become common expressions. It looks like the advent of cyberspace, modern means of communication, watching television, going to school, etc have changed the whole way of communicating in English that many Americans appear to now speak uniform American English. English spoken in the news and even in the television stories appear to be more influenced by the northern accent. I hear that from many Americans in the south when interviewed during news coverage on television. But the double negative expressions are still widespread in daily conversation as well in cyberspace interactions for many Americans from north to south, and that usage will continue including those with college education. Lastly, I would like to point out that the American English in its spoken terms does not anymore recognise the use of subjunctive mood. Many would now say these expressions: If she was to go to school instead of If she were to go to school; I wish I was there with you instead of I wish I were there with you; if it was me, I would have been long gone, instead if it were me. It may be that the feelings in the subjunctive mood or "conjectural feelings" are not there anymore in the American culture as they are still in many countries like Spain, France, Germany etc, These countries also conjugate the verbs in present, past and future subjunctive. And in the case of Don Quijote de la Mancha, a novel written by Don Miguel de Cervantes, one especially me really appreciates his beautiful use of the subjunctive mood especially the future subjunctive tense in addition to his beautiful use of the Spanish language. There are more to say on this subject matter, but it would make me write a book instead of a brief article. I know that Americans understand what I am conveying in this article. This article is also a very brief localised US version of my Somos Primos article on the Language of Sir Winston Churchil and Edgar Allan Poe in Have a Nice Valentine's Day to Everyone!!!!
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Heritage Discovery
Center in California and its connection with Spain Carlos IV Financed a Expedition to Vaccinate Subjects in the Americas, 1803-1806 La batalla por Cartagena en 1741, según el diario de Blas de Lezo Researching the Canary Islands Historia de la alimentacion en las Naos del siglo XVI |
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Heritage Discovery Center Rancho Del Sueno, equine division www.ranchodelsueno.com Madera, California |
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My name is Robin Lea Collins, president and founder of the Heritage Discovery Center. The HDC is a 501(c) 3 non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation of rare Colonial Spanish horses, as well as an advocate for experiential equine-facilitated psychotherapy and education. In 1990, our ranch, Rancho Del Sueno, became the steward for a special herd of Colonial Spanish horsesfrom the Wilbur-Cruce ranch in southern Arizona. Dr. Ruben Wilbur, originally purchased the horses in the late 1800’s from Father Kino’s Mission Dolores in Sonora, Mexico. Over a hundred and twenty years later, the Nature Conservancy acquired a portion of this ranch from Dr. Wilbur’s granddaughter, Eva Antonia Wilbur-Cruce, requiring relocation of the family’s historic mission horses. Rancho Del Sueno became their new home.These horses were determined by equine geneticists to be an exceptional strain of the original Iberian stock brought to the Americas by the Spanish during the period of exploration and colonization. Due to their contained isolation on the ranch, these horses are unlike any others on earth. Now known as the Colonial Spanish Wilbur-Cruce Mission Horse, they represent the last pure examples of the original Spanish horses sent to the New World.Today, we are the only facility dedicated to the conservation of this endangered breed. The horses themselvesshare in this responsibility: • As ambassadors for our time-honored “living history” colonial educational programs that haveentertained and enlightened thousands of people over the years. • As partners in an innovative therapy for individuals with various physical or psychological challenges and others seeking personal growth.• As teachers through their generous character and their innate desire to be deeply connected with humans.Now the horses need your help. PLEASE visit our website, www.ranchodelsueno.com.I am writing this letter in an urgent request for aid in the conservation of this unique genetic resource on the brink of extinction. For over twenty years, the Heritage Discover Center and Rancho Del Sueno have conserved and cared for these special horses. But now, without additional help, there will be no recourse but to disband this rare genetic resource and dispose of the herd of 50+ foundation livestock. |
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Now the horses need your help. PLEASE visit our website, www.ranchodelsueno.com.I am writing this letter in an urgent request for aid in the conservation of this unique genetic resource on the brink of extinction. For over twenty years, the Heritage Discover Center and Rancho Del Sueno have conservedand cared for these special horses. But now, without additional help, there will be no recourse but to disband this rare genetic resource and dispose of the herd of 50+ foundation livestock.
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Rancho Del Sueno, equine division www.ranchodelsueno.com I cannot continue to sustain these horses without immediate financial assistance. Due to the extreme increase in feed costs and the need for unusually numerous veterinary expenses this past year, I am nowurgently requesting funding for feed, veterinary care, and the essential necessities for the survival of this herd.I graciously ask you to help us preserve these horses and the educational and therapeutic work they are doing. It is critical that we find support during this difficult time to continue to perpetuate this precious living legacy. With your contribution, you have the opportunity to help conserve an integral part of America’s story and bring the history of Colonial California to thousands of individuals. Please help us save their future and the important services they provide to humanity.
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To learn more about our RDS programs and the Colonial
Spanish Wilbur-Cruce Mission horses,PLEASE
visit our website at www.ranchodelsueno.com
Thank you so very much, Robin Lea Collins Heritage Discovery Center, Inc. 40222 Millstream Lane Madera, California 93636 559 868-8681 559 868- 8682 fax www.ranchodelsueno.com The Heritage Discover Center is a registered 501(c) 3 non-profit organization, and your gifts are tax deductible.
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Descubren el asentamiento europeo más antiguo de Estados Unidos |
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Esa colonia, llamada Santa María de Ochuse, precedió en seis años a la de San Agustín, y casi en medio siglo (48 años) a la de Jamestown en Virginia, la primera colonia inglesa. Pero hasta ahora su localización seguía siendo un misterio. Pero la búsqueda por fin ha terminado, el misterio ha sido resuelto. El yacimiento histórico se encuentra en un barrio del centro urbano de la ciudad de Pensacola, perfectamente alineado con los dos naufragios vinculados a la expedición de Luna existentes en la bahía de la localidad. El segundo de los pecios fue descubierto hace ahora diez años, mientras que el primero se encontró en 1992. Y es que, casi por accidente, en octubre pasado el historiador Tom Garner se encontró con el descubrimiento más importante de su carrera. La demolición de una vivienda puso al descubierto restos de objetos del siglo XVI, como trozos de recipientes de barro, vajilla y utensilios de cocina, cuentas comerciales venecianas, pesas de plomo para pescar y otros. |
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En agosto de 1559 Tristan de Luna y Arellano fundó el primer asentamiento multianual (con una duración superior al año) europeo y español de los Estados Unidos en lo que hoy es Pensacola, Florida. Esa colonia, llamada Santa María de Ochuse, precedió en seis años a la de San Agustín, y casi en medio siglo (48 años) a la de Jamestown en Virginia, la primera colonia inglesa. Pero hasta ahora su localización seguía siendo un misterio. |
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| http://www.labrujulaverde.com/2015/12/descubren-el-asentamiento-europeo-mas-antiguo-de-estados-unidos
by Guillermo Carvajal |
La batalla por Cartagena en 1741, según el diario de Blas de LezoPublicado por José María Blanco Núñez el nov 13, 2014
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Mañana se inaugura en Madrid la estatua de Blas de Lezo, en la Plaza de Colón. No hay mejor día para recordar como fue la batalla más memorable de su
carrera. |
El almirante Edward Vernon, pintado por Phillips |
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For the full record, please go to: |
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Historia de la alimentacion en las Naos del siglo XVI |
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Iceland Event Lays an Infamous 1615 Event to Rest, |
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On Wednesday, September 20th, 1615, on the eve of St. Matthews Mass, three whale-hunting vessels from the city of Donostia were preparing their journey back to the Basque Country after a successful hunting campaign. That same night, however, heavy waves carried giant blocks of ice towards the shore of RekjarfjorSur fjord, northwest of Iceland. "During the blackest of nights, frightening bolts and powerful noise made earth tremble and people had no peace or quiet." The storm broke the ropes securing the ships, which bashed into each other in turn, until their hulls were all broken up and, sank with its load. One of the ship hit the rocks and was rent in half. Three mariners drowned with the ship and 83 survived on the shore. The whalers' leaders decided split up into separate groups, and about 40 of them ended up spending the winter in Vatnseyri, in the PatreksfjorSur fjord. A much worse fate was in store for the group of mariners from Martin Villafranca's crew that went to JEftey, in the IsafiorSur fjord. These men became victims of the organized persecution by Ari Magmisson from Ogur, the local governor, who was both magistrate and sheriff, as-well-as a powerful landowner in the area. Christian IV imposed in 1602 Danish trade monopoly in Iceland and to protect the royal monopoly on the island, the king ordered on April 30,1615 that ships from "Buschaien" (Bizkaia or, generically, the Basque coast) could be attacked and their crews killed without incurring in crime. However, foreign traders could buy licenses from the Crown. Taking advantage of the fact the West fiords in Iceland are such an isolated place, the district governor Ari Magniisson of Ogur, illegally sold licenses to the Basques on behalf of the Crown. For the local people trade with outsiders was very lucrative since they got products that otherwise were impossible to achieve such as meat, wood (there are no almost trees in Iceland), metal, fabrics and tools. For the Basque whalers it was a good opportunity since Icelandic waters were full of fish. If the Basque whalers had departed after the fishing campaign back to the remote Basque coasts, none would have heard of them anymore, but the tempest had left 83 men on land, forced to stay for the winter in the island and, most important, showing the illicit licenses issued by Ari Magnusson of Ogur. Thus, Ari decided to get rid of these 'inconvenient' men. Thirteen men were killed on the Fjal-laskagi headland in the Dyrafjordur fjord on 5 October; at least six on ^EcSey island, and more than thirteen in Sandeyri, in the cold night of Friday 13, 1615. More than thirty-two mariners died, whose names are all but unknown to us. Their bodies were mutilated, defiled, and cast into the sea's depths, without receiving a proper burial. So as to justify the murders, Olafur from Sandar wrote most probably in connection to Ari the Spanish Stanzas about these events and painted the Basque sailors as blood-thirsty pirates, thieves and rapists. However, immediately after these events, Jon GuSmundsson lasrdi, i.e. 'the Learned', a self-taught erudite, naturalist, poet, sculptor, painter and, sorcerer, wrote A True Account of the Shipwreck of the Spaniards and their Slaying, in which he described what had occurred in 1615, denouncing Ari Magmisson's actions and defending the Basque mariners of the accusations of theft, pillaging, violence and rape. (Read Jon Gu5mundsson's story: http://www.amazon.com/1615-Baskavi-gin-J%C3%B3n-Gu%C3%BOmundsson/dp/0692481176 The conference co-organized by the Icelandic-Basque Association, The Etxepare Basque Institute, The Barandiaran Basque Chair at the University of California, Santa Barbara and, the Center for Basque Studies at the University of Nevada, Reno, was generously financed by the Government of Iceland and the Government of Gipuzkoa, since most of the sailors massacred in 1615 were from Donostia and other coastal Gipuzkoan cities. This interdisciplinary, international conference took place at the National and University Library of Iceland on April 18-24, 2015; it has brought together a select group of scholars from Europe and the United States whose research broadly relates to the Basque whaling industry in Iceland and its economic, political, social and cultural repercussion. The conference opened on Sunday, on April 19th, with a concert by the Basque group Oreka TX and the Icelandic musicians Steindor Andersen, Hilmar Orn Hilmarsson and Pall GuS-mundsson at the Salurinn Concert Hall in Reykjavik. Subsequently, on 20-21 April, the conference brought together twenty scholars and experts. On Wednesday, 22 April, a cultural event took place in the Sorcery and Witchcraft Museum of Holmavik (Iceland's West Fjords) where Iceland and the Basque Center for Basque Studies Newsletter Iceland Events Conference (from page 2) Country conciliated in a symbolic event. Political authorities went to place a memorial plate in a Stone in front of the Museum of Witchcraft and Sorcery in Holmavik. Xabier Irujo, descendant of one of the murdered Basque whale hunters from Mutriku and Magnus Rafnsson, descendant of one of the murderers, performed a symbolic act of reconciliation. Commissioner of the West Fjords Jonas GuS-mundsson as the successor to Governor Ari of Ogur who ordered the massacre in 1615, said at the act of reconciliation that "it's no longer legal to kill Basques on sight in Iceland...!" https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/world-views/wp/2015/05/27/in-iceland-its-no-longer-legal-to-kill-basques-on-sight/ The conference got global attention and the news spread through hundreds of newspapers in more than fifteen different languages all over the world The event was attended by the President of the Government of Gipuzkoa Mr. Martin Garitano, Minister of Culture of Gipuzkoa Ikerne Badiola and, General Director of Culture Garazi Lopez de Etxezarreta. From the Government of Iceland, the event was attended by the Minister of Culture Illugi Gunnarson, Esther Osp Valdimarsdot-tir and Jon Gisli Jonsson on behalf of the local authorities of Holmavik and, Commissioner of the West Fjords Jonas Gudmundsson. Source: Center for Basque Studies Newsletter Fall 2015, Number 83 |
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| More than a decade ago I wrote my first novel, Enemies Foreign and Domestic. Part of my motivation was to establish my bona fides at forecasting social, political and military trends. I didn’t like the direction America was heading, and I wanted to warn as many readers as possible about some of the dangers I saw coming. At the end of 2015, I hope that my past success at prognostication will encourage people to pay heed to this essay. As we roll into the New Year, we are witnessing the prelude to the culmination of a titanic struggle between three great actors. Three great social forces are now set in motion for a 2016 showdown and collision that will, in historical terms, be on par with the First and Second World Wars. Two of these great social forces are currently allied in a de facto coalition against the third. They have forged an unwritten agreement to jointly murder the weakest of the three forces while it is in their combined power to do so. One of these two social forces would be content to share totalitarian control over large swaths of the globe with the other remaining social force. One of these social forces will never be satisfied until it achieves complete domination of the entire planet. So what are these three great social forces? They are Islam, international socialism, and nationalism. Allow me to explain the salient aspects of each, and how they relate to the coming 2016 cataclysm. 1. Islam Islam is similar to a self-replicating supercomputer virus. It is a hydra-headed monster, designed by its creators to be an unstoppable formula for global conquest. It’s almost impossible to eradicate, because it has no central brain or control center. Islam is like a starfish: when you cut off a limb, another grows to replace it. The names of the Muslim leaders, and the names of their Islamic groups, are transitory and ultimately unimportant. Osama Bin Laden and Al Qaeda are succeeded by Al-Baghdadi and the Islamic State, but they will all pass from the scene and be replaced by others. While Muslim leaders and regimes have come and gone, Islam itself has remained steadfastly at war with the non-Muslim world for 1,400 years. Islam does not recognize secular national boundaries. To devout Muslims, there are only two significant realms of the world. First is the Dar al-Islam — the House of Islam, which is the land of the believers. The other is the Dar al-Harb — the House of War, which must be made Islamic by any means, including violent jihad. The expansion of Islam is sometimes held in check for long periods, but more often Islam is on the march, acquiring new territory. Once conquered by Islam, territory is rarely taken back, Spain being a notable exception. The Muslim world produces almost no books or new inventions. Short of finding oil under their feet, most Islamic nations are backward and impoverished. So wherein lies the power source for Islam’s nearly constant expansion over the past fourteen centuries? The motor and the battery of Islam are the Koran and the Hadith, or sayings of Mohammed. A messianic Mahdi, Caliph or Ayatollah with sufficient charisma can accelerate Islam’s pace of conquest, but individual men are not the driving force. Secular “Muslim in name only” strongmen from Saddam Hussein to Muamar Qadafi can hold Islamism in check for a period with brutal methods, but strongmen are often assassinated or otherwise removed from power, and in any event, they cannot live forever. Once the secular strongmen are gone, fanatical mullahs are able to stir their zealous Muslim followers into sufficient ardor to reinstall a radical Islamist regime under Sharia Law, according to the Koran. This pattern of secular strongmen being followed by fanatical Islamist leaders has recurred many times over the past millennium and longer. Do not be fooled by modernists like King Abdullah of Jordan. To the true believer of Islam, any king or strongman is never more than a rifle shot or grenade toss away from being kinetically deposed, and replaced by another Islamist fanatic. The persistent virulence of Mohammed’s 7th Century plan for global domination means that it is always ready to erupt in a fresh outbreak. Islam is like a brushfire or ringworm infection: it is dead and barren within the ring, but flares up where it parasitically feeds off the healthy non-Islamic societies around it. What produces this uniquely fanatical motivation, from within nations and peoples that otherwise seem devoid of energy and new ideas? http://gatesofvienna.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/muslimskoran.jpg The motivation lies within the words of the Koran and Hadith. Most simply distilled, in the earthly realm, these Islamic texts offer immoral men sanction for thrill-killing, looting, raping, and capturing infidel slaves, and when these jihadists are killed, they are promised a perpetual orgy with seventy-two nubile virgin slave girls in Mohammed’s sick, evil and perverted Muslim paradise. Unlike the Jewish and Christian Bibles, the Koran and Hadith appeal not to man’s better angels, but to the darkest aspects of human nature. (Tellingly, Moses and Jesus are said to have climbed to mountaintops to communicate with their God, while Mohammed received his messages from Allah deep inside a bat cave.) A meaningful or permanent reformation of Islam is impossible, because a new generation of fanatics, wielding the unexpurgated Koran and Hadith as their weapons, will always declare the reformists to be apostates and murder them. In Islam, the fanatics who are holding the unalterable Koran in one hand and a sword in the other always stand ready to seize complete power and exterminate their enemies. This latent danger breeds fear and causes nearly all non-Muslims to be carefully circumspect in their dealings with Muslims, lest they lose their heads at a later date. This intentionally fostered fear of Islam is used as a cudgel against those who would otherwise resist its domination. The immutable Koran is the constant fountainhead of bloody Islamic conquest. Radical Islam is the pure Islam, the Koranic Islam, the real Islam. Anyone who does not understand this bitter reality is dangerously ignorant of the past 1,400 years of human history. 2. International Socialism The second great actor or social force is international socialism. It can also be aptly described under the rubrics of leftism, statism, cultural Marxism and communism. These all inhabit the international socialist spectrum. I trace these cultural Marxists at least back to the Jacobins of the 18th Century, a clique of secular humanists who were early globalists aligned with Freemasonry. The nucleus of the group that would later become the Jacobins moved from Germany to France with a coherent and fully developed plan to engineer a social explosion as a means to take power. The Jacobin destabilization plan became the template for many more bloody “people’s revolutions” to come. Following the French Revolution, we are familiar with Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao. We are less familiar with the early 20th Century British Fabian socialists, or the Italian Marxist theoretician Antonio Gramsci, or the German “Frankfurt School” of international socialists, who transplanted their vision to the United States via Columbia University. Unlike Vladimir Lenin and the Communists, they understood that international socialism’s goals could not be fully accomplished until the strong edifice of Western Civilization was hollowed out and sabotaged from within. In the end, the clandestine international socialist forces which burrowed deep within the Western womb achieved results which were far more permanent than the militarily-imposed revolutionary “war Communism” of Lenin and Mao. Over the course of the past century, while Communism collapsed in the Soviet Union, the Fabian socialists have been increasingly successful at poisoning the roots of national, cultural and ethnic identity, leaving the inheritors of Western Civilization disorganized and demoralized, with no central belief system to rally behind. Why has this deliberate demoralization and dumbing-down process occurred? The international socialists have believed at least since the French Revolution that it was their duty to impose a top-down feudal order upon the ordinary “dumb masses,” a new world order managed by self-proclaimed experts chosen from among the correctly-educated elites, both for the benefit of the ignoramuses, and as a way to line their own pockets and continue to live an elite lifestyle of wealth and power. It may seem paradoxical that major corporate and banking interests are deeply invested in the international socialist new world order, but when you untangle the threads it actually makes perfect sense. Today’s international banks and mega-corporations are powerful global actors in their own right, and they are now written into each new international trade agreement. In fact, corporate lawyers author most of the pages of the multi-thousand-page trade pacts, which are now coming down like rain. Trade pacts which were never voted on by American or European citizens, pacts which are taking on the force of international treaty law, superseding even the United States Constitution. From the Rothschilds of Europe to the Warburgs of both continents, to the Morgans and Rockefellers of America and back to the Hungarian immigrant George Soros, for several centuries, millionaire (and more lately billionaire) bankers have written their own laws and cut their own political deals. Today, they literally create billions of new dollars and Euros per day out of thin air, and pass it over to their cronies. In the United States, the creation a century ago of the Federal Reserve — a privately run central bank of, by and for the interests of a cabal of private banking interests — is a glaring case in point. In the USA, the heads of global mega-corporations and investment firms donate massively to both the Democrats and the Republicans alike, ensuring favorable treatment in an era of corporately directed crony capitalism. The picture is much the same in other countries. These post-nationalist crony-capitalists recognize no sovereign borders and believe that patriotism is a laughable anachronism. For example, in America, open-border traitors bribe politicians to pass laws to allow them to import unlimited numbers of H-1 visa foreign workers to directly replace Americans at their very desks and work places, and these traitors do not lose one wink of sleep over it. The traitor class of the international business set calls this “agility,” moving fungible proles, peasants and paupers worldwide to where they can be set to work most cheaply and profitably. Ordinary American middle-class workers and their families are just collateral damage in this process. The reality is not much different in Europe. These super wealthy open-border corporate and banking elites, who paradoxically steer the forces driving international socialism, are able to bribe their way to success after success in myriad ways. Their wealth and political connections ensure that cooperative young players with future star quality are steered to the right universities, foundations, councils, government agencies and media positions. For example, when you see a talking head on television, and his listed expert credential is that he is a member of the entirely private Council on Foreign Relations who has written articles for their house publication Foreign Affairs, you will know that he is destined for high positions, and doors will magically open in front of him. Over on the Fourth Estate, the global mass media have been almost entirely subverted, scripted and stage-managed for decades by these über-wealthy elites through a thousand channels greased with kickbacks, no-show jobs, and secret payoffs that are disguised as special stock offerings and private land deals. Media figures morph seamlessly into senior political advisors and corporate board members, adding millions to their portfolios with each well-timed transition. Even many retired generals and admirals eagerly wallow in this swamp of sell-out and sleaze. It should not be a surprise to anyone that so many politicians leave Washington or Brussels as millionaires. Just as it should not be a surprise that long-time CBS News anchor Walter Cronkite, “the most trusted man in America,” was for his entire adult life secretly a leading member of the World Federalist Association, a fact he proudly revealed only after his retirement from in front of the camera. http://gatesofvienna.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/pegidadresden20141222-3.jpg 3. Nationalism Nationalists probably comprise most of the population of the non-Islamic world, but there is no way to know their number with any certainty. Opinion polls are so easily rigged that most of them are useless at best, and they primarily constitute false propaganda and dezinformatsiya on behalf of their sponsors. Nationalists consider themselves to be first and foremost loyal citizens of a sovereign nation. However, it must be borne in mind that the very concept of nationhood is fairly recent in origin. The division of the globe into distinct nation-states only began in the 17th Century, usually marked by the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 at the end of the Thirty Years’ War. Since then, the world has been divided by national borders, which often (but not always) coincided with a national ethnic group, language and culture. This national division was particularly successful on the European continent. Shared Judeo-Christian morality, ethics and values promoted notions of fairness and equal rights, leading over time to the abolition of slavery, women’s rights, and racial civil rights. During this period of unleashed human potential, Europeans and Americans enjoyed the greatest increase in overall standards of living ever seen in the history of mankind. Great cities, universities and museums were constructed in Europe and in America. Rising European empires — wealthy, cohesive, confident and highly organized — then conquered or otherwise came to control colonies around the world. America picked up much of the business when the colonial era ended after World War Two.
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Muslims
"Have Nothing Whatsoever to do with Terrorism"????
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As Muslim jihadis, mobs and regimes terrorized
Christians and others throughout the world of Islam, in the West,
institutions -- from governments to grade schools -- empowered and
praised Islam, often at the expense of Christians.
U.S. President Barack Obama described the idea of
giving preference to persecuted Christian refugees as "shameful"
-- even though helping persecuted refugees is what America has
always been doing and much of what it is about. "That's not
American. That's not who we are. We don't have religious tests to
our compassion," Obama admonished. Unfortunately for the
president, statistics were soon released,
indicating that "the current [refugee] system overwhelmingly
favors Muslim refugees. Of the 2,184 Syrian refugees admitted to
the United States so far, only 53 are Christians while 2,098 are
Muslim." So, although Christians are 10% of Syria's
population -- and possibly the most persecuted group -- only 2% of
the refugees entering America are Christian.
Adding to the confusion, Republican presidential
candidate Jeb Bush falsely claimed that Syrian President Bashar
Assad "executes
Christians." In reality, not only have Christian
minorities long been protected under the secular regime of Assad
-- himself a member of a religious minority -- but many Christian
refugees who fled the jihad in Iraq went to Assad's Syria for
sanctuary.
Accordingly, the head of the Syrian Catholic
Church, Mar Ignace Youssif III Youan, in a November interview, accused
Western governments of "perpetuat[ing] the endless conflict
in Syria" and of having "betrayed the Christians of the
East. We explained from the beginning that our situation was
different from that of other nations in the region, they were not
listened to. And now we mourn deaths over the past five years. ...
It's a shame that the West has abandoned Christians to this
situation."
Less than a week after jihadis murdered 130 people
in Paris, Hillary Clinton asserted
that Muslims "have nothing whatsoever to do with
terrorism."
The same pro-Islamist, anti-Christian spirit
floated through some Western schools. In the United Kingdom,
pupils at Oldknow Academy were reportedly led in "anti-Christian
chants" in assemblies that were "like a rally"
with a "plainly divisive" attitude." According to
the Birmingham Mail,
Asif Khan, a Muslim teacher, led pupils, shouting, "We don't
believe in Christmas, do we?" and "Jesus wasn't born in
Bethlehem, was he?" Children were also asked to shout:
"Do we send Christmas cards? No!" and "Do we
celebrate Christmas? No!" Khan denies the claims.
However, Ann Connor, an education adviser
contracted to work for Department for Education who had earlier
visited the school, said, "I found the school to be
extraordinary. There was an element of fear." A female staff
member was said to be "frightened of Mr. Khan." And a
parent complained of the "increasing Islamic ethos in the
school."
In the United States, a seventh-grade teacher at
Spring View Middle School in Huntington Beach, California, deviated
from the district's official curriculum and had students sing
"This Is My Fight Song." Lyrics from the song included,
"Islam ... Allah's on the way. They will preach them loud
tonight. Can you hear their voice this time? This is their fight
song. Spread Islam now song. Prove that they're right song."
Parents only found out about the song after some
students accidentally brought the pamphlet home. "I believe
that by singing the song," one of the angry parents said,
"the children feel comfortable that maybe Allah is the only
god and maybe that they should start following him. I'm not OK
with that." The school responded by sending an apology to
parents and said it would continue looking into the incident.
Meanwhile, in the Islamic world, it was business as
usual. November's roundup of Muslim persecution of Christians
around the world includes, but is not limited to, the following:
Muslim
Slaughter of Christians and Savagery
Libya:
Two Christians were killed
by gunshots to their heads. The bodies of Wasfy Bakhit Gad
Mikhail, 37, and his brother Fahmy, 27, were found on November 13
near Al Khums. On their bodies were black gloves with Islamic
phrases. Like many other Christians killed in Libya -- including
the 21 who were slaughtered earlier this year by the Islamic State
-- the brothers were working as laborers and sent their earnings
back home to support their families. "They were targeted and
killed because they are Christians," said Father Sulaiman
Botros. "They kept the faith and refused to deny the Lord
Jesus Christ. They are our church's martyrs."
Egypt:
Marwa Ahmed, a 26-year-old former Muslim woman, was killed
by her family for converting to Christianity and marrying a
Christian. Three years ago she fled her hometown and moved to
Alexandria with her new husband, where she gave birth to a boy and
girl. But when her uncle and cousins learned that she was back
visiting Taymiyya, they tracked her down and kidnapped her.
According to the report, her uncle then forced her younger sister
to "kill her to 'punish' her for her conversion." Other
reports say that the uncle killed Marwa himself.
Yet another
Christian soldier was killed in his (Muslim majority) unit. Bishoy
Nata'i Bushri Kamal, 21, was found dead at his military base in
Cairo. The army told his family that he had committed suicide by
hanging. However, the man's uncle, Sami Bushri, said: "We
completely reject this [claim that he had committed
suicide]." The uncle added that Bishoy had recently gotten
into a quarrel with a certain "Mustafa," a fellow
soldier.
Injuries were found
on Kamal's abdomen, face and back -- all of which indicate that he
was tortured, then murdered. (See
here for five more examples of Egyptian Christian soldiers
found dead, followed by military claims of suicide or some other
"accident," and rejection of these claims by their
families. They all point to conflicts with Muslim soldiers in the
unit, including attempts to force the Christians to convert to
Islam.
Yemen:
Two Muslim converts to Christianity, in two separate incidents,
were murdered
because they left Islam. In Taiz, an al-Qaeda member shot a
Christian man 15 to 20 times. The second Christian, shot once in
his home, was killed either by another Islamic jihadi group or by
members of his own family. A colleague of the second convert said
that Muslims were harassing and threatening the man: "A lot
of people didn't like that he was a convert... I think it is
because of his faith; there is no other reason." Authorities,
as usual, made no arrests.
United
Kingdom: Former Muslim, Nissar Hussain, 49, was struck 13
times with a pickax and repeatedly punched and kicked by two
hooded men, as he left his house in West Yorkshire. He suffered a
shattered kneecap and a broken hand (video of attack here).
According to the "apostate," he became a target after he
converted to Christianity in 1996 and his family appeared in a
2008 documentary exposing the mistreatment of Muslim converts.
Since then, local Muslims drove his family from a previous home
and have attacked them in the streets. "Our lives have been
jeopardised and subjugated," Hussain said. "We have been
forced to live under a climate of fear, this is not England. I
grew up in in [sic] to a free decent country accepting British
values and the British rule of law. I think multiculturalism has
failed, I think David Cameron's Big Society has failed and I think
there is two laws, one for them and one for us."
Bangladesh:
On November 18, three men attacked
Fr. Piero Parolari, a 64-year-old missionary who had been working
at St. Vincent Hospital since 1985. "They wanted to kill
him," said a colleague. "Three thugs were on the
motorcycle. One shot him in the neck, but only grazed it, whilst
another threw a knife (perhaps a Chinese knife) at the carotid
artery. The cut did most of the damage. Fr. Parolari lost a lot of
blood." The priest fell and hit his head, had bruises on his
eyes and body, and three broken ribs. He was reported suffering
from respiratory problems, and fluid had to be drained from his
lungs.
On November 5, four Catholic families narrowly escaped
death when a group of Muslims burned down their homes on the
accusation of witchcraft. A Muslim mob tried to lock them inside
their houses before setting them on fire. "For more than a
year, Muslim youths from a neighboring village accused us of
practicing witchcraft and told us to leave the village. They
abused us in public and threw bricks at our houses," said
Ramni Das, 57, who lost two homes in the attack. "They wanted
to kill us by burning us alive, but we managed to escape. We have
lost everything."
Kenya:
A man exposed as a secret Christian escaped his Muslim in-laws,
who tried
to stab him and seized his wife and children. Hassan Ali said
that on the evening of November 11, Muslim neighbors and his
in-laws, armed with knives, knocked on his door. He said that
Muslims in the area may have become suspicious of his break from
Islam since he had stopped attending the mosque. "I heard
people talking outside my house and mentioning my name... I knew I
was in trouble when they started questioning my wife about her
faith. I then escaped through the window." His wife's
relatives then seized the woman and their two children, a
7-year-old boy and a 4-year-old girl, and took them to her
parents' home.
According to a source, "The parents are
telling Ali's wife that the children should start going to a
madrassa, an Islamic elementary school. ... Ali's wife is facing
pressure from her parents to recant the Christian faith, and she
is emotionally troubled."
Ali said it will be "very difficult" to
return to his house or see his family again. "What is
worrying me at the moment is that communication between my wife
and me has now been disconnected. I cannot reach her again. I know
my wife and my two children, Hussein and Mariam, will be Islamized.
This is making me to have sleepless nights."
Central
Nigeria: Hausa-Fulani Muslim herdsmen regularly commit
atrocities against Christians that should be described as
"ethnic/religious cleansing," according
to a report by the Nigeria Conflict Security Analysis Network (NCSAN).
Despite the media narrative that Hausa violence is a result of
environmental degradation and migration, the herdsmen are
reportedly motivated by an Islamic agenda that seeks to cleanse
the land of Christians no less than the more notorious jihadi
organization, Boko Haram. Data from the report finds that in just
a year-and-a-half (December 2013 to July 2015), the Muslim
herdsmen slaughtered 1,484 Christians (532 men, 507 women, and 445
children), injured 2,388 Christians (1,069 men, 817 women, and 502
children), and burned or destroyed 171 churches, 314 houses and 39
shops and businesses of Christians.
The NCSAN report concludes that "for many
people the atrocities committed by the Hausa-Fulani Muslim
herdsmen can be, at best, described as ethnic cleansing, and at
worst, as genocide. This is because, from the evidence presented,
there is a deliberate and calculated infliction of physical
destruction, targeted at particular religious [Christian] and
ethnic groups. Such destruction is supported and driven by a
religious supremacist ideology to ensure Islam dominates all
aspects of life in Taraba State."
Central
African Republic (CAR): Thousands of people have been killed
since 2013, when the Muslim militias known as "Seleka"
seized power in the Christian-majority country. After months of
killings, raping, and looting by Seleka, Christian militias known
as "Anti-Balaka" emerged and were likely responsible for
killing three Muslims. In retaliation,
Muslims torched a church and slaughtered over 30 men and women,
and torched their homes, in Christian-majority parts of Bangui
(the CAR capital). According to a local witness, "The people
have lost everything, and have nowhere to lay their head.
They have become wanderers and vagabonds in their
own country... [T]he objective continues to be to impoverish the
Christians by burning all their homes and property... The threat
of sudden death is on everyone's mind, given what is going on in
CAR far from the media cameras. We are defenseless, our very lives
exposed, and only God can save us."
Muslim
Attacks on Christian Churches
Spain:
On November 2, a group of Muslims stormed
the Church of our Lady of Carmen, in the town of Rincon de la
Victoria, and smashed wooden statues of the Virgin Mary and Jesus
on the cross. A spokesman for the Diocese of Malaga said the
attack was not representative of all Muslims and that the diocese
was committed to maintaining "respect and fraternity between
different religious groups." The month before, a Moroccan man
was arrested in the same town after trying to destroy another
statue of the Virgin Mary while screaming "Allahu Akbar!"
Iraq: The Islamic State reportedly blew up the convent belonging to the Dominican Sisters of St. Catherine of Siena on the morning of November 5. The destruction of the convent also caused considerable damage to adjacent buildings. According to the Assyrian Monitor for Human Rights and other media, this latest attack by the "caliphate" occurred in Tel Keppe -- "Hill of Stones" -- one of the largest historically Assyrian Christian towns in northern Iraq, about 8 miles from Mosul.
Egypt:
On November 12, three gunmen opened
fire on an Evangelical church by the Giza pyramids, near Cairo.
Separately, in the city of Rashid, a retired Muslim judge is
attempting to destroy
a church. Judge Mohamed Mostafa Kamel Tirana and his two sons
claim that they purchased the church building in 1990, and say
that it was their family's ancestral home. However, Tirana only
registered the purchase of the building in 2008 -- 18 years after
the alleged purchase. The lawyer acting for the church leaders
says the building has been registered as a church since 1948 in
the city's real estate authority, the Property Taxes office and
the 1946 Cadastral map. "His purpose of taking over the
church is demolishing its building and rebuild[ing] big shopping
malls on its land," said church leader Luka Asaad Awad. Last
September 2, the judge managed to infiltrate the church and tried
to demolish the building from inside. "We beg President Abdel
Fatah El-Sisi to intervene and protect the church and stop the
demolition of it," said the church leader.
Kenya:
Muslims burned
down two Christian churches, Faith Victory Church and Holistic
Church, on the outskirts of Tiribe town. Prior to these arson
attacks, church leaders received threatening messages from
Muslims, including calls to "stop converting our people to
Christianity, and if not you will soon regret changing our people
to Christianity." Christians have been since worshiping in
tents, some of which have been flooded by heavy rains -- five
people were swept away by a downpour.
Indonesia:
More than 1,000 Christian churches have been shut down in
Muslim-majority Indonesia since 2006, when the "religious
harmony" law was passed, according to a report.
The law requires minority religious groups to secure 60 signatures
of local residents of another faith, and a written recommendation
from local authorities before obtaining permits to build houses of
worship, which, as Christian leaders indicate, is often
impossible.
Dhimmitude
Iraq:
Parliament passed a law
that will force Christian children to become Muslim if their
father converts to Islam or if their Christian mother marries a
Muslim. Leaders of the Assyrian Christians, Yazidis, Mandeans,
Kakai and Bahai vigorously fought the law and their
representatives walked out of the parliament session in protest
after it was passed. They had requested adding: "Minors will
keep their current religion until the completion of 18 years of
age, then they have the right to choose their religion" --
but the clause was rejected.
Iran:
Fourteen Christians, among them converts from Islam, were arrested
after agents from the Ministry of Intelligence raided a private
house-church meeting. Most of the group had previously been
members of the Emmanuel Protestant Church in Tehran, which Iranian
authorities had forced to close in 2012. According to Christian
Solidarity, "We are extremely concerned at the arrests of
these 14 Christians and the fact that their whereabouts remain
unknown, which gives rise to concerns regarding their well being.
These people had merely gathered peacefully and had
not partaken in any illegal activities. It is unacceptable that
the Iranian authorities continue to harass the Christian community
without cause."
Uzbekistan:
On Sunday, November 8 in Tashkent, the nation's capital, twelve
Protestant Christians holding a worship meeting in a private home
were detained,
and some beaten, after eight plain-clothes anti-terrorism officers
stormed their morning meeting. A large quantity of Christian
literature -- approximately 100 books -- was also confiscated. Two
Christians were handcuffed and another was "hit and
kicked" in the head and in the abdomen by an armed officer.
The Christians were then taken to the police station where they
were held for nine hours. During that time, they were forbidden to
use the toilet and denied water. Some of the Christians detained
had infant children with them and were not allowed to feed them
until they had written statements denouncing Sarvar Zhuliyev, in
whose home they had met. Christian parents were forced to write
statements declaring that Sarvar Zhuliyev had "taught them
the faith of Jesus Christ." Some of the children were also
interrogated by police and forced to write statements. Problems
began when the head teacher of a school in the capital's Yashnobod
District told police that two pupils were speaking about their
Christian faith with other pupils.
Turkey:
A survey revealed
that "Eighty percent of minorities in Turkey say they cannot
express themselves openly on social media, while 35 percent said
they are subject to hate speech on the same platform." The
survey was conducted among 746 Turkish citizens who are members of
the Greek, Armenian, Syriac, and Jewish communities. Over
one-third of respondents also said they were subject to
defamation, humiliation, obscenity or threats due to their
minority identity on social media.
Pakistani
Dhimmitude
About this
Series
While not all, or even most, Muslims are involved,
persecution of Christians is expanding. "Muslim Persecution
of Christians" was developed to collate some -- by no means
all -- of the instances of persecution that surface each month.
It documents what the mainstream media often fails to
report. It posits that such persecution is not random but
systematic, and takes place in all languages, ethnicities and
locations.
-
This message may contain copyrighted material which is being made available for research of environmental, political, human rights, economic, scientific, social justice issues, etc., and constitutes a "fair use" of such copyrighted material per section 107 of US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material in this message is distributed without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving it for research/educational purposes. For more information go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml Sent by Odell Harwell |
02/02/2016 08:12 AM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNITED STATES
Fate of civil rights leader’s clinic at risk by Natalia Contreras
Educator Jaime Escalante Being Honored in US Postage Stamp
Richard Montañez , first Latino to serve on Southern California Leadership
Conference Board
ISLA: The Empowering Speaker's Bureau
Breath of Fire Latina Theater Ensemble
From Stilettos to the Stock Exchange by Tina
Aldatz
33 Below: The Story of the Chilean Miners
Four New 2016 American Latino Television Series
My good friend, William F. Buckley Jr. by Gilberto Quezada
Examples of City Governments' Action Against
Christian's Civil Rights
Here Are the Police Officers the Media Should Have Talked About in
2015
The United West
Luis W. Alvarez, Ph.D.: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968
US Congressman Ruben Hinojosa to retire in 2016
LULAC Applauds Confirmation of Luis Felipe Restrepo to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Son Walter L. Alvarez, Ph.D. Geologist, theory
on extinction of the dinosaurs
La herencia española en las banderas y los escudos de los Estados
Unidos
Por Guillermo Carvajal
HERITAGE PROJECTS
Committee on the Spanish Presence in
America's Roots
Discovery Museum and Rancho Del Sueno
Galvez Opera
Celebrating Chicano History Week,
February 2-8th
Arizona
House of Representatives. 56th Legislature resolution HCR
2034 Chicano History Week
HISTORIC TIDBITS
Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir laid the groundwork for our
National Park Service
Descubren el asentamiento europeo más antiguo de Estados Unidos
American Panorama:
An Atlas of United States History
The Black Legend according to Wikipedia
Amazing Story about Morris "Moe" Berg
HISPANIC LEADERS
Tribute to Robert S. Weddle, Texas Historian, dies at 94
Joe Vargas Aguirre, Placentia, California Civil Rights Activist, dies at
91
LATINO AMERICAN PATRIOTS
Vets on Storytelling Mission
The National World War II Museum
Joe Sanchez salutes Army Sgt. Joseph Lemm
EARLY LATINO PATRIOTS
The ‘Other’ European Ally of the Continental Army By Hon. Edward F. Butler, Sr.
Galvez Opera in the Planning Stages
SURNAMES
Blasones y Apellidos por
Fernando Muñoz Altea
DNA
Revisiting Race in the Genomic Age
Defrosting a mummy reveals a lot about germs — and human history
FAMILY HISTORY
Five Steps to Verifying Online Genealogy Sources by
Kimberly Powell, Genealogy Expert
The Royal Basque Society of the Friends of the Country and America
Wanting to Connect with Family Researchers in Mexico
EDUCATION
About us Mexican Americans . . . Chicanada
A Step Ahead, year-old SOAR program encourages and
motivates
Rachel Mauro, receives $1,500 scholarship, CSU Global Campus, Colorado Springs
Emmanuel Gutierrez, Why-he's a-whiz-kid:- and
Overcame great odds to be selected a Simon Scholar
New school named for slain Newtown teacher Victoria Soto
Check out Disposable diapers could save ton of water
The Revolution Must be Accessible
CULTURE
Emigdio Vasquez, Chicano Art and Expression in Orange, January
14, 2016
Jan 16 - Feb 13: Mexicanos
al Grito de Guerra, We didn’t cross the border, the borders crossed us”
Poems from the Rio Grande By Rudolfo Anaya
Cal State East Bay Professor Teaches Students To 'Decolonize Your Diet'
Words and Phrases Remind Us of the Way We Word
BOOKS AND PRINT MEDIA
America's Oldest Spanish-Language Newspaper Struggles
for Survival
Pictures of diversity for early readers
The Toltec Art of Life and Death by Don Miguel Ruiz
Click to
"Poems from the Rio Grande" by Rudolfo Anaya [Culture]
Click to "Decolonize
Your Diet" by Lus Calvo and Catriona Rueda Esquibel [Culture]
Click to "From the Porch
Steps" by Esther Bonilla Read [Texas]
Click to "
From Stilettos to the Stock Exchange" by Tina
Aldatz [United States]
ORANGE COUNTY, CA
SHHAR February 13, 2016: Sylvia Mendez and the Orange
County Landmark Desegregation Case
SHHAR, 2016 Calendar of speakers
Soccer Sisters by Brian Whitehead
She's Got Spear-It by Chris Haire, staff writer, The Garden Grove
Journal, November 12, 2015
Latino Americans, Shared Orange County Heritage
LOS ANGELES COUNTY
The
House of Aragon, Chapter 15, The College Years, by
Michael S. Perez
30,000 Pray for Peace during 84th annual Our Lady Of
Guadalupe procession in East LA
From South LA to Venice Beach, SPARC is restoring history.
Insurgency: 1968 Aztec Walkout
by Victor Gonzalez: Chapter 12, Walkouts are Firme
L. A.'s Alley Galleries:
About 80 artists from around the world are helping turn "blight
into bright"
CALIFORNIA
Ballad of the Paniolo On the slopes of
Mauna Kea, Hawaii's cowboys,
developed a culture all their own by
Samir S. Patel
February 25-27, 2016: Conference of California Historical
Societies, Spring Symposium
Mariano Vallejo Timeline
A Juaneño memorial and mystery in Los Rios Park by
Kathleen Luppi
Margaret Cruz, died 2015, La Ballona
Rancho
Mission Mural Honors Legacy of Chata Gutierrez
Heritage Discover Museum, Rancho El Sueno
NORTHWESTERN, US
A Man Called Aita by Joan Errea
SOUTHWESTERN, US
Border Angels
Ghost Memories and New Mexico Folklore by Ray John de Aragon
Images of America: Lincoln, New Mexico by Ray John De Aragon
Trail Dust: Some Hispano Civil War heroes now forgotten
Frontera NorteSur: History in an E-Box
TEXAS
February 7th 2016: Ft Saint Louis massacre of
1689, Bob Bullock Texas History Museum
Henry B. Gonzalez and J. Gilberto Quezada
February 27, 2016: Summerwood Family History Conference
Rosters of Tejano Patriots of the American Revolution
1776-1783
First Reyes to migrate to New Spain by Joel Reyes
Harlingen unveils new downtown mural by Maricela Rodriguez
From the Porch Steps by Esther Bonilla Read
La Junta de los Ríos, believed to be the oldest continuously cultivated farmland in
Texas
El Alacrán Barrio Newsletter, Houston
MIDDLE AMERICA
Chicano
History Week
Detalle de la Épica Expedición de Hernando de Soto, 1538-1543
Exploración de las Carolinas y Tennessee Por José Antonio
Crespo-Francés
EAST COAST
Jamestown's VIPs by Samir S. Patel
AFRICAN-AMERICAN
PBS airing: Bridging the Divide, Tom Bradley and the
Politics of Race
Dedication of More Rosenwald Schools
Independence Heights is independent no longer
The Baobab Tree
Notes Web
INDIGENOUS
Los Indios
Tlaxcaltecos by Dan
Arellano
Quanah Parker
Sitting Bull
Chief Joseph
Geronimo
January 8th, 1865 -- Kickapoos rout Confederates in battle of Dove Creek
SEPHARDIC
Jewish Patriot Joins South Carolina Legislature, January
11, 1775
This Country that Resembles You
Saving Ladino by Robin Keats
Song of the Week: El Eliyahu
When we were in Egypt! Exhibition shows Jewish life after the pharaohs
ARCHAEOLOGY
Tracing Slave Origins- - Philipsburg, St. Martin [under Caribbean]
Jamestown's VIPs by Samir S. Patel [under East Coast]
MEXICO
Hathcock History: The famous Don "agua dory" Chencho Story
Historiador Dr. Carlos Recio Dávila y su apreciable
familia, por Ricardo Palmerín Cordero.
Bautismo de Lucia Ana Salinas Crusen
¿Sabías que la virgen de Guadalupe es la patrona de las Filipinas?
Durante la Revolución de Independencia el año de 1813, murieron en la Cd. de
Monterrey
Defunción de varias personas que fueron ejecutadas el año de 1813
CARIBBEAN REGION
Tracing Slave Origins- - Philipsburg, St. Martin
La Enciclopedia de la Presencia Española en Estados Unidos, Pedro
Menéndez de Avilés
CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA
Untangling an Accounting Tool and an Ancient Incan Mystery
Exploradores Españoles en el Pacífico
News on the Archivo de "Lenchita" Maria Guardado
OCEANIC PACIFIC
Guaján--Guam
Españoles Olvidados: Los Olvidados de Hawaii
Iñigo Ortiz de Retes Intento de Regreso a Nueva Expaña
La historia robada del Pacificio Español
Exploraciones de la Nueva España a la actual Costa Oeste de
Canadá
Guadalcanal, Nation of Solomon Islands in the south-western
Pacific
Multiples Hazañas Españnoles en el Sigo XVI
PHILIPPINES
Tango delle Rose by Eddie Calderón, Ph.D.
The English Language in the USA by Eddie AAA Calderón, Ph.D.
SPAIN
Heritage Discovery
Center in California and its connection with Spain
Carlos IV Financed a Expedition to Vaccinate Subjects in
the Americas, 1803-1806
La batalla por Cartagena en 1741, según el diario de Blas de Lezo
Researching the Canary Islands
Historia de la alimentacion en las Naos del siglo XVI
INTERNATIONAL
Iceland Event Lays an Infamous 1615 Event to Rest,
"It's no longer legal to kill Basques on sight in Iceland...!"
Tet, Take Two: Islam’s 2016 European Offensive by Matthew
Bracken
Muslims "Have Nothing Whatsoever to do with
Terrorism" ????
When
baseball greats Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig went on tour in baseball-crazy
Japan in 1934, some fans wondered why a third-string catcher named Moe
Berg was included. Although he played with five major-league teams from
1923 to 1939, he was a very mediocre
During
World War II, Moe was parachuted into Yugoslavia to assess the value to
the war effort of the two groups of partisans there. 
The
R.A.F. destroys the Norwegian heavy water plant targeted by Moe Berg.
After
the war, Moe Berg was awarded the Medal of Freedom - America's highest
honor for a civilian in wartime. But Berg
refused to accept it, because he couldn't tell people about his
exploits.
After the September 1762 Battle of Signal Hill (Newfoundland), which ended in failure for the French,
Louis XV signaled to Charles III that he would cede to Spain the city of
New Orleans and the whole of French territory west of the Mississippi in order
to prevent their old nemesis from gaining full control of the strategic river. Perhaps a concession of sorts
from France to Spain, the land ownership was exchanged by the secretive Treaty of Fontainebleau of 1762;
however, the change of title was not made public until 1764.
