HISTORIC TIDBITS

Who was Paul Revere and Why Should You Care?

HONORING HISPANIC LEADERSHIP

Longtime journalist led wire service's Los Angeles bureau  by John Rogers, The Associated Press

 

Anthony Marquez, (on the right side in photo) an Associated Press intern who rose to Los Angeles bureau chief where his calm hand brought stability to AP's news coverage in Southern California amid titanic changes for the journalism industry, has died. He was 55.

Marquez succumbed Thursday to complications from cancer.

Unfailingly courteous and with a disarmingly quick wit, Marquez was that rare boss and executive who seemed to have no enemies. Those who spoke highly of him included not only the reporters, photographers and others he hired but the many editors and news directors whose newspapers, websites, and TV and radio stations received news from the AP.

"Anthony was such an impressive person," said Gary Pruitt, AP president and chief executive officer. "He exemplified the very best of AP: high journalistic standards, impeccable business ethics, treating everyone with respect."

Frank Baker, the AP's California news editor since 2011 and Marquez's chief deputy for five years before that, said Marquez was understated and rock solid.

"Anthony mixed so many great qualities. He was helpful. He was compassionate. He was upbeat. And he sure was funny," Baker said. "I can't recall a time we were together in the same room — and there were hundreds of those times over the years — that we didn't share a glance or a comment that left us both laughing.

"Even though he worked in a serious business, he never took himself too seriously."

Marquez brought a passion for news that he first honed as managing editor of his college newspaper, Fresno State University's The Daily Collegian. It was at Fresno State where he met his wife of 29 years, Maureen.

His alma mater honored him in 2013 with its prestigious Top Dog Award for distinguished alumni. In an acceptance speech, he joked that no one got into journalism for the money.

"You did it because you wanted to make a difference and you wanted to have an impact," he said. "And so I would hope that everyone here would continue to support that, to support student journalists and to understand that it really does matter and it makes a difference."

Marquez graduated from Fresno State in 1985, and then earned a master's degree from Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism.

He landed a summer internship at the AP's Minneapolis bureau, then was hired as a reporter in the news service's San Francisco bureau, where he became day supervisor, directing and editing the bureau's daily news report.

Marquez left the AP four years later to work for several San Francisco Bay Area newspapers, the last one The Mercury News of San Jose, where he was Bay editor. The AP hired him back as San Francisco's assistant bureau chief in 2000, and three years later he was named chief of the Los Angeles bureau, the organization's second-largest U.S. bureau and one of its busiest.

His arrival in Los Angeles coincided with the explosion of digitalization that brought massive changes and job cuts to journalism. He embraced the challenge, directing an award-winning staff that covered major stories including the 2007 Southern California wildfires, the death of Michael Jackson in 2009, the annual Academy Awards and celebrity trials including Jackson, Phil Spector and Robert Blake.

Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer Nick Ut and legendary courts reporter Linda Deutsch were among those who worked for Marquez.

He also led the bureau's business operations, visiting frequently with editors, publishers and other executives of California and Nevada's major news organizations. As the news business changed, Marquez pushed AP staff to embrace other storytelling formats while pressing the AP itself to become more diverse.

The first in his family to attend college, he developed the first internship program at The Contra Costa Times in Walnut Creek, California, when he worked there in the 1990s. He later served on the AP's Corporate Diversity Committee.

Kate Lee Butler, VP-Engagement at the Associated Press, began her AP career working for Marquez in the Los Angeles bureau.

"Anthony was always smart, insightful, stayed cool under pressure and just got the job done," she said. "He was universally appreciated as an excellent journalist, leader and advocate for journalism and the AP in the range of roles he played over his time here."

Outside of work, he loved comic books and could discuss the adventures of Marvel superheroes like Spider-Man with any hardcore fan. His move to Los Angeles, meanwhile, had allowed him to embrace a lifelong love affair with the Los Angeles Dodgers. During summers he loved escaping to Dodger Stadium, sometimes with gatherings of a dozen or more fellow AP employees.

A huge football fan as well, on several occasions he presented The AP National Championship Trophy to the nation's No. 1 college football team.

Baker said during the illness Marquez was loath to discuss his health.

"He was far more interested in comparing notes on sports," Baker said. "But when he did talk about the illness, he was unfailingly upbeat, taking each setback in stride and always — always — looking ahead to getting back to work at AP."

Marquez is survived by his wife and their three children, Paul, 24; Aaron, 22, and a senior at Sonoma State University; and Francesca, 18, a high school senior.

http://bigstory.ap.org/article/2aa2362956694d3dac4f85677632c778/anthony-marquez-associated-press-la-bureau-chief-dies

Gladys, lovingly referred to as "Grandma", not only by her biological grandchildren, but also by the entire Excelsior District, passed away peacefully on February 15, 2017. Gladys was the loving, hardworking, energetic, passionate matriarch of the Espinoza family who will be forgotten by few and missed by so many. 

Gladys was born in Texas, raised in New Mexico, and later moved to California, where she put down her roots and raised her ever-growing family. All those she came in contact with admired Gladys' energy and spirit. She worked many tireless years at an envelope factory, but was always eager to show her entrepreneurial ambition to the entire neighborhood as she spent her weekends joyously bargaining with patrons at her famous weekly garage sales. When she took a rare break, she enjoyed taking walks around her neighborhood, socializing with her neighbors, whom she considered her extended family. 
Gladys, loving mother, grandmother, great-grandmother, and great-great-grandmother, will forever be, in her own words, "everyone's grandma." 

Burial held at Holy Cross Cemetery.
Published in San Francisco Chronicle on Feb. 19, 2017 

From niece, Dorinda Moreno
Aunt Gladys, Tia Aurora was a great aunt, sister (Jose, Moises, Celia, Lupe, Armida, Daniel), God mother (Rose Rodriguez Gabaldon, and so many more), Comadre,,,famous for the best tamale's ever, and precious to all who was blessed knowing her. Remembered as a joyous person who loved to laugh, make jokes, and she danced for two hours at her 90th birthday to Mariachi's, after cooking for her 200 guests!

In her day, she loved to sing, and was skilled in the art of embroidery. A natural teacher, she passed on her many talents to anyone around willing to learn from her vast skills, whether cooking or organization. She knew how to get any job done.

In my youth, she taught me how to embroider, iron a man's shirt perfectly, and make a good bed.
Aunt Gladys, Tia Aurora was one of a kind. She will be dearly missed.

pueblosenmovimientonorte@gmail.com 

Gladys Cevallos Obituary - San Francisco, California | Legacy.com 
www.legacy.com/obituaries/name/gladys-cevallos-obituary?pid=1000000184169053   
www.legacy.com/obituaries/sfgate/obituary.aspx?n=gladys-cevallos&pid  

Latino soldiers
 Cebu, Phillipines, WW II

AMERICAN PATRIOTS

Marcelino Serna, WWI Texas Hero

EARLY AMERICAN PATRIOTS

The Battle of San Diego Bay 

Letty Rodella's presentation to the Mission Viejo Chapter 
of the Daughters of the American Revolution, California.
January 14, 2014

Spanish SURNAMES

The Grijalvas of Orange County: A Californio-American Heritage by  Vladimir Guerrero and
         Edward T. Grijalva

What a wonderful Journey by Eddie Grijalva

Fellow historian, greetings! 

Although I no longer live in California (after twenty years of residence) I continue to pursue my interest in its history. The article, The Grijalvas of Orange County, recently prepared in collaboration with Mr. Edward Grijalva, traces one example of what constitutes a Californio heritage, a term which to this days remains vaguely and inconsistently defined. 

Edward Grijalva and I are pleased to share the article with you in the hope that it may be of interest to your membership. Should it be suitable for your publication, we have some relevant illustrations that could accompany it. 

Sincerely Yours, 

Vladimir Guerrero
vladimir.guerrero@sbcglobal.net 
Lectoure, France

Edward Grijalva
edwardgrijalva6020@comcast.net
Vallejo, California

Introduction

Earlier this year I was privileged to meet Mr. Edward Grijalva, a gentleman whose cap identified him as a “Native American Veteran, Korean War.” We were introduced by a mutual friend, Phil Valdez Jr., a direct descendant of Felipe Valdez, the Spanish soldier who served Juan Bautista de Anza as a courier in both of his expeditions to California (in 1774, and in 1775-76). In speaking with Mr. Grijalva I learned that he was a Native American Gabrieliño whose Castilian surname and perfect fluency in Spanish also revealed a strong cultural connection with his European heritage.

Phil Valdez and Eddie Grijalva share the genetic and cultural heritage of Indigenous Americans and European Spaniards. They are California-born for seven and four generations respectively, as American as apple pie, and proud of their Californio heritage.

The fortuitous meeting and subsequent conversations between the three of us led me to use the Grijalva family lineage as the basis for this introduction to the Californio identity, how it came to be, and where it fits in our history.

            Although common usage of the term Californio merely refers to the Hispanic population of the area that predates U.S. acquisition, without regard to race, that population consisted almost entirely of Hispanized Indigenous, and mixed race (Indigenous-European) Spanish subjects.  It is this blended racial and cultural identity that the Grijalva family exemplifies.[1] The Californios are today one of the many racial, ethnic, and national groups that make up American society. In the context of the nation it is a very small group but unique in its early and successful integration of European Spanish and Native American roots. As the Grijalva family record shows, already from the early eighteenth century it was possible for people of such different backgrounds to adopt enough from each other’s cultures  to not only form one community but also to mix their blood in creating a new Hispanic race. They were, in effect, already living the principle of racial equality that later became one of the pillars of our national philosophy. But the family’s story also will show us by example that the segregation and denial of equality of opportunity they experienced after the U.S. annexation of California did not manage to destroy the values they believed in and shared with those who looked down upon them.[2] On the contrary, as the nation evolves from openly tolerating discrimination to one legally active in eradicating it, the Californios have become full participants in the society that now accepts them for who they are, Hispanic-Native-American-Californios.

Background

            Although the American Revolution, in severing the thirteen colonies’ political dependence on England, declared the former colonial subjects equal under the law, it did not address itself to other demographic groups. The new society excluded by omission the Native American and the slave populations, and in keeping with the times, did not extend legal equality to women. Furthermore, the new nation maintained a cultural continuity with the English tradition, inheriting a strong anti-Catholic position and, in spite of Spain’s assistance to the American cause, of a certain disdain for the nation that championed the Roman Faith in Europe. In spite of its politically revolutionary Constitution, the United States was culturally very much the offspring of its European parent.

Yet the inalienable right to be treated as an equal (the opportunity to rise above one’s station, to pursue individual happiness, etc.) proclaimed in the Declaration of Independence, was woven into the DNA of the nation, even though during the early years we lived with the contradiction that slavery was legally practiced and the indigenous people were not included as part of the nation. The new society was limited to former colonials, mostly English subjects and the few other Northern Europeans who had come in pursuit of religious freedom and new opportunities. It was a homogenously white, predominantly Christian, Protestant community with minor religious differences, where the practice of tolerance and equality was possible.  

                During the next century, however, as the nation grew by purchase, conflict, and immigration, the unprecedented increase in population made it impossible to maintain the fragile acceptance and relative tolerance of the early years. Differences of race, religion, origin, and language eventually led to open discrimination and segregation.[1] Equality, however, still remained the ideal the nation would strive towards in the future.

The Californios

Most Americans trace their heritage to a foreign continent or nation; a few are first-generation immigrants; some take pride in their ancestors’ arrival generations ago, while still others claim their family presence predates the nation. For none of these, however, can the timespan in question exceed five centuries. But a small minority (about two percent of the total U.S. population) is rooted deep in our own soil: the Native Americans, whose ancestors are believed to have been on this continent for ten millennia or some five hundred generations.

America was a European society transplanted to American soil.[1] The racial stratification, the degree of miscegenation, and the individual’s position in Spanish-American society, however, varied considerably with location. In metropolitan areas of New Spain, such as Mexico City, where wealth and power were concentrated, the indigenous and mestizo components, although numerically important, were subservient to the European class. On the other hand, in the distant frontier of Alta California, far from the metropolitan centers, mixed-race or indigenous Spanish subjects participated actively at every level of society.[2]

During their formative years Spanish and English colonies in North America developed in isolation from each other. The distance between them, the immensity of the continent, the lack of common borders, and imperial rivalries made contact rare if not impossible. During the eighteenth century, however, at about the time that the United States declared independence, New Spain established settlements in Alta California, a frontier province three to four months distant from the centers of power. Therefore, with the exception of military officials, a detachment of Catalonian troops, and Franciscan missionaries, all in the service of the Crown, European Spaniards shunned California.[3] Thus, the overwhelming majority (perhaps as much as 95 percent) of its “Spanish” population consisted of gente de razón,[4] i.e., culturally assimilated Indians from Sonora and Sinaloa, the mixed-race population, and a small number of recently converted California natives, that is to say, the American Spaniards. This group taken together with the small component (the other 5 percent) of European Spaniards constituted the colonial society of Spanish California 

unique nature, it could have identified[1] itself as Californio, a term that distinguished it from its origins as well as from the newly arrived Anglo settlers. These in turn identified themselves as Americans, a label they would not share with the Californios, whom they would continue to consider, based mostly on their physical appearance, as “Spanish” or “Mexican.” American California began as a society clearly separated into three groups; the Americans, the Californios, and the indigenous peoples who had preceded the other two.

Our transition as a nation from being a European society on American soil towards the ideal of an all-inclusive, multi-cultural, multi-racial one “dedicated to the proposition that all […] are created equal” has been gradual over time. But now, at the beginning of a new century, there is reason to recognize the progress made. No longer are the offspring of immigrants identified by their parents’ national origin (Polish, Japanese, Irish, etc.) to mark a difference, often with a pejorative connotation, from the mainstream Anglo-European-American norm.

            Today the terms “Polish American” or “Japanese American,” for example, identify individuals as Americans while acknowledging, by means of the modifier, their ethnic origins—more as a source of pride than as a negative connotation. With this in mind, this article will trace six generations of the Grijalvas, a Californio-American family already settled in the Southwest before the republics of Mexico or the United States existed—a family whose members, as with all immigrants, gradually adapted, mixed their blood, and contributed their heritage to the society around them. A family, furthermore, that when eventually accepted by the dominant culture, reciprocated with wholehearted participation, demonstrating that equality was not only an ideal but a way of life. In contrast with other immigrant groups, however, only some of the Grijalvas’ identity came from overseas; their indigenous roots had been part of the American continent from time immemorial.

The Grijalvas of Grijalba, Spain [2]

World. This explains why the Grijalvas scattered around the Americas today number close to ten thousand whereas only about a thousand are found in Spain, and the dusty village where their name originated had, according to the 2004 census, 123 residents.[1]

In fact, one of the early expeditions to explore the Caribbean mainland beyond Cuba was led by the aristocrat Juan de Grijalba, who in 1518 rounded the Yucatan Peninsula and followed the gulf coast north, where he was the first Spaniard to make contact with the Aztecs. In spite of returning to Cuba with valuable information, Grijalba was excluded from the expedition led by Hernan Cortés the following year that undertook the conquest of Mexico. Juan de Grijalba, one of the early sixteenth-century conquistadors, with two decades of action-packed service in the Caribbean, was killed after being captured by Indians while exploring Central America in 1527.[2]

While Don Juan was hardly the only Spaniard bearing the Grijalba name to participate in the colonization of the New World, he was the earliest and highest ranking one known to history. How many others came in the service of the Crown or in pursuit of their own interests during the three centuries that followed can only be estimated by the large number of descendants currently bearing the name. In the Pimería Alta, an area which today encompasses parts of northern Sonora and southern Arizona, the data base of mission records prepared by the National Park Service recognizes 111 individuals with the surname Grijalva.[3] Therefore, we have no reason to believe that there is a direct connection between the sixteenth-century conquistador and the eighteenth-century Grijalvas of the Pimería Alta. However it is in the mission records of this area that we find the origins of Edward Grijalva’s family.

The Grijalvas of Sonora, New Spain

In the autumn of 1775 Sergeant Juan Pablo Grijalva of the Terrenate Presidio left Sonora in New Spain with the Anza Colonizing Expedition to Alta California. His military service record shows he was destined for the planned Presidio of San Francisco.[4] He was accompanied by his wife, María Dolores Valencia, and two daughters. From Mission Guebavi’s baptismal records[5] we know that he was the son of Andres Grijalva and Luisa María de Leiva of what was then called the Valle de San Luis, today, the Santa Cruz River Valley. Juan Pablo, the oldest of five siblings born to Andres and Luisa María, was followed by three sisters and a younger brother, José Hilario.

godfather was Don Bernardo de Urrea, a prominent criollo[1] from Sinaloa, then a thirty-four-year-old captain later destined for high positions, first as Commander of the Altar Presidio and eventually as Governor and Captain General of Sonora and Sinaloa. From this it can be surmised that Andres was probably a colonial soldier, a soldado de cuera,[2] honored by having an officer serve as the godfather to his first-born. Otherwise, Andres would have had to have the social or economic position to associate with the Urreas. The reason why we believe the former is more likely the case is that when, at age nineteen, his oldest son, Juan Pablo, joined the military he served as a private for twelve years before being promoted to corporal. Had he been at the level of the Urreas he would have joined as an officer. It is certain, therefore, that the Grijalvas were, and for a generation or more had been, gente de razón, and that genetically they were either mestizo, or 100 percent indigenous.[3] The progenitors of our lineage, Andres and Luisa María, died in Sonora in 1770.

When Sergeant Juan Pablo and his family started out for Alta California, he left behind three adult sisters and his adolescent brother, José Hilario. We know very little of José Hilario’s life. We believe he was born sometime between 1764 and 1770 in Suamca, a locality near Terrenate, where Santa María de Suamca, a Jesuit mission, had once stood. At the time, his mother, Luisa María, would have been in her mid to late forties. Childbirth may have been the cause of her death but we have no record of this. Nor do we have any records of José Hilario’s eventual marriage, occupation, or death. Was he also a soldado de cuera like his older brother and father? We don’t know.

Family tradition has it, however, that a Luís Grijalva born in 1822 at San Luís Bacoancos, was the son of José Hilario, who then would have been in his early to mid-fifties. His birth and baptism would have been recorded either in Missions Guebavi, Santa María de Suamca, or San Luís Bacoancos, all in the San Luís Valley. But it is not surprising that confirmation is lacking, as in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries northern Sonora was frequently ravaged by Apache raids and many mission records were destroyed. In spite of this, however, we feel confident that the coincidence of names, dates, and locations known is sufficient to assert that José Hilario and Luís Grijalva were father and son.

Ana River cuts between the Chino Hills and the Santa Ana Mountains), where their son Guillermo was born in 1864.  

The Grijalvas of California

Guillermo, the fourth generation Grijalva and the first born under United States jurisdiction, carried from his father a Spanish cultural heritage and may also have carried a mixture of Spanish and Indigenous blood. From his mother, he carried the blood of a recently hispanized California Indian. Had he been born during the Spanish colonial period, his “gente de razón” status would have made him part of the frontier middle class, a Catholic, and a subject of the King of Spain. Had he been born in Sonora after Mexican independence he would have been part of the social mainstream. But born in American California, where an English-speaking, Protestant tradition predominated, he was to grow and live on the margins of society, looked upon by his fellow citizens either as a Mexican or an Indian. In 1864 California was no longer the same place where his great-uncle Juan Pablo Grijalva, after a life-long military career, had been granted the 71,000 acre Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana in 1802.

Guillermo was born a U.S. citizen. His voter registration in 1888 does not list race or ethnicity, of course, but only his place of birth, his occupation as laborer, and his residence as Chino. Later records show that in 1898, at age thirty-four, he married Angelita Gonzalez Romero, a thirty-year-old full-blooded Gabrieliño Indian from Los Angeles, who in 1904 gave birth to their son Louis Phillip (or Luis Felipe) Grijalva.[1] We do not know how or when Angelita died but a marriage certificate from Santa Ana shows that in January of 1927 Guillermo married again, this time to Veronica Gomez, a widow from El Toro. The same document still lists his occupation as laborer and his residence as Prado. [cite source]

;\

         The first decades of the twentieth century brought the United States a period of economic growth that would make life easier for most Americans. As a young man in the 1920s Louis Phillip served in the U.S. Army and not long afterwards married Amalia Arvizu y Peralta, a newcomer from Arizona. Amalia, better known as Amy, was described by family as a “Spanish” lady. An immigration record from Nogales, Arizona, shows she entered the U.S. from Mexico in March 1911 accompanied by her grandmother.[1] The entry describes her as a five-year-old female with dark complexion, black hair, and brown eyes, and gives Cananea, a nearby town on the border, as her place of birth. Cananea was already then an advanced mining center that employed a large number of Mexican and foreign nationals at all skill levels. Therefore, we cannot assert on the basis of demographics (as we did in the case of Juan Pablo and his brother José Hilario in the eighteenth century) that Amalia’s ancestry was indigenous. Her father’s surname, Arvizu, originates in the Basque Country and her mother’s, Peralta, in Aragón or Catalonia, Spain. Both names, however, had been present in Sonora for some two centuries, so she may have been a criolla, a “person of reason,” or the offspring of recent immigrants. That is to say, she may have been entirely indigenous, or entirely European, or a mixture of both races.

In any event it appears that from 1911 she settled in the U.S., first in Tucson and eventually in California. We don’t know much else until her marriage in 1923 to Louis Phillip, a union which lasted until his death in 1973. In the fifty years of their married life Louis Phillip’s occupation went from farm laborer to industrial worker for the last thirty years of his active life. During that time Amy gave birth to and brought up the third American generation of Grijalvas, one of whom, Edward Trinidad, is the co-author of this paper.[2]

Edward, better known as Eddie, was born in 1933 and grew up in El Toro during the Depression. Together with his parents and five siblings (he was the fourth of six) they lived in a house without running water, lit by kerosene lamps, heated by a pot-belly stove, and with an outhouse for a toilet. His mother cooked on a wood-fired stove and his father would bring home their water in wooden barrels on a wagon. Yet in 1996 in an interview for the Oral History Program at CSU Fullerton, Eddie said, “Well, El Toro to me was the most beautiful days of my life growing up.”[3]

But in his contacts with the world beyond the warmth and safety of home all was not beautiful for the growing child. In the same Oral History interview Eddie remembered a dialogue with his father.

“Well, at school these white kids,”—these American kids, we’d call them— “they tell the teacher that their grandparents and great-grandparents came from England and Germany.” To me they were words. At five or six years old, I didn’t know where Germany was. But they came from across the ocean, you know? So I said, “Where did my grandparents come from?” He’d just look at me and smile and say, “Oh, don’t worry about it. Just don’t worry about those things.” Well, little did I know that he didn’t want to get into our heritage, especially the Indian side, because kids[,]  knowing that you were of Indian descent, could be really cruel. That’s the way it was, you know, growing up.[1]

Yet as an adolescent Eddie was at ease in his social environment. In June 1942 the family moved from El Toro to Santa Ana. His father began working at a war plant manufacturing cordage, and Eddie started fifth grade. There and later in high school he found friends and took on part-time work, first delivering newspapers, and later working as a busboy in a series of restaurants. He developed a taste for earning his own way and, when legal to drive, for having his own car, to the point that it became more important than finishing school. So it happened that at eighteen, when he was hard at work making good money, he was drafted by the army for service in the Korean War. When he returned home in 1951 he continued working at various trades both in industry and in construction until he eventually settled down as a plant custodian for the Santa Ana school district.

He had been the third American-born Grijalva (after his father in the 1920s and his older brother in World War II) to serve in the U.S. Army, unaware at the time that almost two centuries before, his ancestors in Sonora had also served their country as Spanish colonial troops. And it was much later, when he became interested in his family’s history, that he would learn that one of them, his great, great, grand-uncle, had come to Alta California in the line of duty as Sergeant Juan Pablo Grijalva. The adult discovery of this European part of his family’s cultural heritage[2] came to supplement the same pride he had felt as a child when he first learned of his Native American ancestry. He described that moment in the Oral History Project interview.  
 

Anyway, as I read these documents, my chest just got bigger and bigger. I said to myself, “You know, after all these years, we are somebody.” I said, “We’re not the person that we were branded in the old days growing up.”[3]

awarded an extensive land grant. This supplemented the pride of knowing that over more than six generations, genes and culture from perhaps Castilian, Basque, Aragonese, Catalonian, Pima, Seri, Papago, and Gabrieliño sources[1] had combined to form his American identity, a unique product of the Southwest, and a true Californio.  

Conclusion

            From Andrés and Luisa María to Edward, six generations of Grijalvas overlap in time with the existence of the United States. Some of their ancestors were part of this continent before it was known as America. Others had participated as Europeans in its colonization. Together they had witnessed the birth of the new nation which, “conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal,”[2] has been struggling for two and a half centuries to make this ideal a reality. Some Grijalvas, by the example of their own lives, have even contributed to advancing that objective and other Grijalvas are still doing the same today. 
 

The event was a conference being held at Goldenwest College organized by SHHAR. As I approached the main entrance to the building where the event was to take place, I saw this lady coming towards me, I had never seen Mimi before. When she was a few feet from me , I asked her, are you Mimi? and she replied, "Yes and you must be Eddie Grijalva." I was wearing a  tee-shirt with my name written across my chest that read, GRIJALVA HERITAGE. 

              ~Eddie 

Once, we talked,  I was quick to recognize what he had accomplished and introduce him to  genealogists and historians, plus arranged for Eddie to speak at different functions.   Eddie dedicated himself in getting the Grijava story told and his effort accomplished great things.

Teresa Maldonado, speaking, President of Bowers Museum Hispanic Arts Council. Santa Ana, California

One event Eddie and I both particularly remembered.   I had been asked to speak in Sacramento at a prestigious event of California historians and professors on the topic of the current status of Mexican family history research in California. However, my daughter's second baby was due and I didn't want to chance not being home and available to help.  Although Eddie did not have a string of universities degrees, and was a little hesitant,  I knew his research would amply fulfill their request.

Eddie writes:   I will never forget my presentation in Sacramento.  It was just wonderful and to be called respectfully Dr. Grijalva was something.  They could not deny my only Degree, MY DEGREE OF NATIVE AMERICAN BLOOD.  They said that is one of a kind, you cannot earn that degree, but must be born a NATIVE AMERICA.  When I showed them the Certificate from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, there were some in the audience who had a funny look on their face,  'like I don't believe it.'  
It was great."

Mimi and the Society of Hispanic Heritage and Ancestral Research (SHHAR) have been a big part of my success and I am a very blessed man, to have met Mimi. My journey has taken me from Sonora, Mexico to Arizona, Lower California and to Northern California and Southern California. I lost track of all the library's I visited.  What a wonderful adventure. Take care and God bless. 

Juan Pablo Grijalva, a Spanish soldier, came to California with the Anza Expedition in 1776. On this hill he built one of the first adobes in what is now Orange County. In 1801 he petitioned for use of the land that became the Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana. He died in 1806. His son-in-law Jose Antonio Yorba and grandson Juan Pablo Peralta re-petitioned and were given use of the rancho in 1810. Eddie spearheaded the effort to recognize the Juan Pablo adobe historic importance.  In 1996, by both the Orange County Board of Supervisors and Orange County Historical Commission was assigned and identified as Historic Marker Number 45.  

Location. 33° 48.359' N, 117° 48.071' W. Marker is in Orange, California, in Orange County. Marker is on South Rancho Santiago Boulevard south of North Hewes Street, on the right when traveling north. Click for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 1087 South Rancho Santiago Boulevard, Orange CA 92869, United States of America. 

GRIJALVA PARK 

NEWS: A family tree that has deep roots in Orange County
June 10, 2014 Updated June 17, 2014 by Rebecca Kheel, staff writer




Grijalva familiy members, from left, Bobbie Grijalva-Wagen, Mary Grijalva, Vanessa Borquez and Edie Grijalva-Borquez, stand at the park.

Grijalva Park opened in 2003, and a sports center opened there in 2011. The 26.5-acre park at 368 N. Prospect St. also features two picnic pavilions, two basketball courts, three multipurpose fields and two tot lots.

Juan Pablo Grijalva
Born: 1741
Died: 1806
Highest rank in Spanish army: Lieutenant
Wife: Maria Dolores Valencia
Daughters: Maria Josefa Grijalva, Maria del Carmen Grijalva
A plaque at the front of Grijalva Park at North Prospect and East Spring streets explains the history of the park’s namesake.

In four paragraphs, it sums up Juan Pablo Grijalva’s life: came to California with the Spanish army in 1776, petitioned for 60,000 acres of land in 1801, built an adobe in what is now El Modena and died in 1806.

“Another chapter in Orange’s proud history,” the plaque concludes.

Now, dozens of Grijalva’s descendants are planning to converge on the park dedicated to their ancestor for what they’re calling the “Great Grijalva Gathering” to celebrate their heritage, meet distant relatives for the first time and eat some tacos.

“I’ve always wanted do this since we’ve had the park named after our ancestor,” said Eddie Grijalva, 81, of Vallejo. “I always dreamed about having a picnic with a bunch of Grijalvas there. I’m really excited about it.”

The Grijalva history dates to the 16th century, but the start of the story in California is when Juan Pablo Grijalva came with the Spanish army for the Anza expedition. He was stationed in San Francisco for 10 years and San Diego for 11 years before retiring in 1796.

Upon his retirement, he petitioned for 130,000 acres from the Spanish government in what is now the Camp Pendleton area. The petition failed, but he later succeeded in his petition for 60,000 acres that encompassed what’s now Orange, Santa Ana, Tustin, Villa Park, Costa Mesa and parts of Anaheim Hills and Newport Beach. He called it Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana. His adobe was the first private dwelling in Orange County outside of Mission San Juan Capistrano.

When Juan Pablo Grijalva died in 1806, his son-in-law, Antonio Yorba, and grandson, Juan Pablo Peralta, took over the ranch.

For a long time, Juan Pablo Grijalva’s story had been lost in Orange County history in favor of the Yorbas and Peraltas. But Eddie Grijalva, who used to live in Orange, worked for years to make sure his forefather was remembered.

Any vacation time from his work as a school custodian was spent tracking down proof of his ancestor’s place in history. The journey took Eddie Grijalva from UC Berkeley’s Bancroft Library to Arizona. A highlight, Eddie Grijalva said, was being able to touch a map at the library that Juan Pablo Grijalva drew by hand.

With the history enshrined at Grijalva Park, Eddie Grijalva’s work has turned to connecting distant relatives. That’s the idea behind June 21’s “Great Grijalva Gathering,” an idea he posed to the 539-member “Grijalva Clan” Facebook group last year.

“The idea was to get together and get to know each other more,” Eddie Grijalva said.

He said he hopes between 125 to 150 people come. His daughter, Edie Grijalva, is expecting it to be closer to 35 to 40 people.

Edie Grijalva, 55, of Whittier, said she’s looking forward to meeting distant relatives. She’s talked on the phone with a few of them, but this will be the first time meeting them in person, she said.

She’s thankful, she said, for the work her father has done bringing the family together.

“Who doesn’t want to know their heritage,” Edie Grijalva said. “Because of him, I know so much more, and I’m proud of who I am and where I came from.”

Mary Grijalva, 68, of Orange, married into the Grijalva family. But she’s as proud of the heritage as if she were born into it, she said. She’ll asks people if they’ve been to “her” park yet.

“We have reserved parking right in front,” she joked.

Mary Grijalva’s husband will be providing the tacos for the gathering. She’s excited to find out about the connections between various Grijalvas.

“If it’s five or 100 people that come, it doesn’t matter,” Mary Grijalva said. “Somewhere along the line, we could be really related. I’m looking forward to meeting the people, getting a little bit of information about their history and seeing really how we are connected.”

Contact the writer: 714-704-3771 or rkheel@ocregister.com

DNA 

Caution suggested by Patricia Navarrette in choosing DNA Lab

Although I do not gain a thing by promoting AncestryDNA, and shunning AncestryByDNA, I wanted to show the warning signs of potential fraud. I find it odd that not one mention in the REAL test of being Asian, so maybe just a heads up if anyone should consult you in the future as to a reputable testing resource.

Your thoughts are also welcomed on my emails.

I close as always, sending my best. May 2017 bring you heath, happiness and PEACE during our crazy lifetime.

Patricia Navarrette 
pnavarrette@wi.rr.com 

R1b el mas comun entre europeos

Did DNA Exist Before Life Began on Earth? New Study Suggests "Yes"
August 28, 2012

Study finds genetic continuity between modern East Asians, Stone Age relatives

FAMILY HISTORY RESEARCH

Hi Mimi,

For most of my creative writing life, I’ve tried to write novels. Novels are the pinnacle of fiction writing in the same way oil painting is the pinnacle of art. I thought that if I was going to be a writer, I didn’t have a choice but to write novels.

However, recently, my thoughts have changed. In fact, for a few years I locked my novel away in my desk drawer to focus all my attention on short stories.

In today's post, I'm sharing four reasons why I chose to write short stories, and why I think this could be a great exercise for you, too. Let me know what you think and share your writing practice in the comments section:  

4 Reasons to Write Short Stories   < click

Don’t Wait to Write
In short, writing short stories is one of the best ways to practice writing, get feedback, and get your stories into the world. If you want to grow as a writer, this is one of the best ways to do it.

Not sure where to start? Check out our master list of 100 Short Story Ideas to get inspired. And consider joining a writing contest for the feedback, encouragement, community, and deadlines to help you take that inspiration and turn it into a great story.

(Keep an eye out—we’ll be announcing our next writing contest soon!)  We all want to become better writers. Why not start your next short story today?  Why do you write short stories? Let us know in the comments.

As you’re thinking about short stories, I want you to free write. Don’t try to write any particular story. Relax. Just let your story take shape on its own.  Write for fifteen minutes. When you’re finished, post your practice in the comments section.  And if you post, be sure to give feedback to a few other writers.

P.S. Want to write your book? Get all the tools you need from our new course, Write Your Book! Get ready to write your book here »  

EDUCATION

Free online course on the United States Constitution

I teach the first and last lecture, and the others are taught by our world-class Hillsdale faculty. There is no cost to take the course and you can watch the lectures at your leisure. I hope you'll take the opportunity to learn about this important topic.

Activate your course now>>

Lately, California has seen a spike in programs offering support to community college students, propelled in part by a nationwide push to improve access to higher education.

Even with that expense waived, students will still have to figure out their living costs. In San Francisco, that’s no small order.

Assemblymember Eloise Gomez Reyes was born and raised in Colton, attended Colton High School and San Bernardino Valley College, eventually transferring to USC. She worked up to three jobs while she worked her way through college.  She received her law degree from Loyola Law School and not long after, became the first Latina to open her own law office in the Inland Empire. 

As a 12-year-old Eloise struggled alongside her family, working every summer in the fields picking onions and grapes.  She worked hard to earn money to pay for her school clothes, but this early experience provided the strong work ethic that defines her today.  “This work helped me to appreciate the work of so many others who, even today, must work long and hard hours to support their family.”

LEAD serves as a primary site for a set of innovative and productive programs, publications and events for Latinos and education. These projects involve significant participation of faculty, students and administrators, as well as partnerships in the region and nationally. The eighth annual Latino Education Advocacy Days Summit, better known as LEAD VIII, will take place March 30 at Cal State San Bernardino and will focus on “Sin Fronteras — Education Beyond Borders.”

Registration is now open for the free, one-day event, which brings together teaching professionals and educators, researchers, academics, scholars, administrators, independent writers and artists, policy and program specialists, students, parents, civic leaders, activists and advocates.

It will be held at CSUSB’s Santos Manuel Student Union from 8 a.m.-4:30 p.m.  In addition, this year there will be four related events that will make up LEAD Week along with the annual summit:

• March 25: The Binational Parent Leadership Institute II, 8:30 a.m.-3 p.m. at the CSUSB Santos Manuel Student Union; visit the Binational Parent Leadership web page for information;
• March 28: Catholic Schools Expo, CSUSB Santos Manuel Student Union, check the Diocese of San Bernardino’s College and Career Expo web page for updates;
• March 29: PUENTE Student Leadership Forum at the Doubletree Hilton in San Bernardino; check the PUENTE event web page for updates; and
• April 1: César E. Chávez Memorial Breakfast VI, 10 a.m., at the CSUSB Santos Manuel Student Union; tickets are $50 per person; email chicanolatinocaucusie@aol.com  or call George Aguilar (951) 906-3130 for information.

Enrique G. Murillo, Jr., Ph.D. 
Executive Director, 
LATINO EDUCATION AND ADVOCACY DAYS (LEAD) ORGANIZATION 
College of Education 
California State University, San Bernardino 
5500 University Parkway 
San Bernardino, CA 92407-2397 
(909) 537-5632 fax (909) 537-7040 
email: emurillo@csusb.edu 

RELIGION

My Mexican-Jewish traditions didn't seem that unique to me until I moved to Boston for college. It was then that I realized I couldn't relate to many American-Jewish traditions. Many of my new American-Jewish friends had gone to Jewish schools, attended a Jewish sleepaway camp every Summer, and joined Jewish youth groups during the school year. I had never stepped foot in a sleepaway camp, and the last Jewish school I had attended was in Mexico.

However, it was the different song and prayer tunes they used in synagogue that really opened my eyes. Songs that I had learned in Mexico and Miami were completely different in Boston. I ultimately realized that these are differences that every foreigner deals with. College introduced me to people from different parts of the world, of different cultures and religions. Although some Latinos viewed me as a faux-Latina due to my religion, others saw beyond that and saw me as one of them.

If there is one thing that being a Mexican Jew has taught me, it is the importance of both my family and my heritage. I may not know what's ahead for me, but I do know this: my kids will be raised in a Spanish-speaking home with chilaquiles for breakfast, baklava for dessert, and Shabbat dinners every Friday night.

http://www.popsugar.com/latina/What-Means-Mexican-Jew-43039946 

Sent by John Inclan  fromgalveston@yahoo.com 

These maps show the most popular religions where you live 
by Kurt Snibbe/staff, Orange County Register, December 24, 2016

Opinions on religion

The fastest growing segment of Americans regarding 
faith are those who list themselves as unaffiliated,
 according to several studies. The majority of them
 are younger people born between 1981 and 1996.

Sources: Pew Research Center; Association of Religion Data Archives; The Associated Press; the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies

http://www.ocregister.com/articles/focus-
739399-infographic-religion.html 

Siglo XVII Imperio Español vs el Imperio Otomano

This is only the first part of a an very extensive study posted on Wikipedia.

Protagonistas: 
Carlos I de Habsburgo, rey de España y V rey de Alemania, Sacro Emperador Romano Germánico, nieto de los Reyes Católicos Isabel de Castilla y Fernando I de Aragón. 

Fernando I de Habsburgo, nacido en Alcalá de Henares, Castilla, Infante de España, Archiduque de Austria y rey de Hungría, hermano menor de Carlos I de España y V de Alemania, también nieto de los Reyes Católicos y fundador de la rama vienesa de los Habsburgo.


      Guerras habsburgo-otomanas ó Sacro Imperio Romano contra el Turco

Las guerras Habsburgo-otomanas o austro-turcas (guerras del Turco en la literatura clásica española)5fueron los conflictos militares que enfrentaron al Imperio otomano y a los Estados de la Casa de Habsburgo (los llamados Austrias de Viena y Austrias de Madrid) durante toda la Edad Moderna, y que se prolongaron durante la Edad Contemporánea hasta comienzos del siglo XX.

La condición de liderazgo que ambas potencias tenían dentro de sus respectivos ámbitos (la cristiandad y el islam) hasta el siglo XVII, hizo que el factor religioso fuera muy importante en estas guerras; aunque los factores determinantes fueron geopolíticos, lo que explica que simultáneamente cada una de ellas tuviera enfrentamientos con otras potencias de su misma religión y que incluso hubiera alianzas con potencias de la religión opuesta. A partir del siglo XVIII el nuevo equilibrio europeo desplazó la centralidad de ambos contendientes en beneficio de otras potencias emergentes.

Las guerras habsburgo-otomanas consistieron en campañas terrestres en los Balcanes, que implicaban a los Habsburgo austríacos; y en enfrentamientos navales en el Mediterráneo, que atañían por su parte a los Habsburgo españoles.

Inicialmente el avance terrestre otomano fue imparable, con la decisiva victoria de Mohács (1526, que redujo la mayor parte del Reino de Hungría a la condición de estado vasallo y tributario), hasta el fracasado Sitio de Viena (1529, que marcó su mayor avance territorial).

La presencia creciente de la flota turca en el Mediterráneo occidental fue contestada con enfrentamientos periódicos que culminaron en la victoria cristiana de Lepanto (1571).

En 1683 los turcos asediaron por segunda vez la capital austríaca, siendo rechazados por una coalición multinacional.

La Guerra de Sucesión Española (1700-1713), que puso a los Borbones en el trono español, dejó a Austria como la única potencia en manos de los Habsburgo. No obstante, para entonces el equilibrio de poderes había cambiado en beneficio de la Europa cristiana, que pasó a disponer de tácticas y tecnologías militares superiores (especialmente en la artillería), así como de superiores recursos económicos; situación frente a la que el tradicional cuerpo de élite otomano (los jenízaros) dejó de ser tan eficaz. A finales del siglo XVIII, el Imperio turco había pasado a ser el hombre enfermo de Europa.

La expansión del Imperio austríaco (luego Imperio austro-húngaro) por los Balcanes fue recortando territorios al Imperio turco durante todo el siglo XIX, en competencia con el Imperio ruso. Las continuas guerras balcánicas y los sucesivos tratados (Berlín, San Estéfano) fueron marcando distintos puntos de equilibrio entre las tres potencias.

Ya en el siglo XX, en el periodo previo a la Primera Guerra Mundial (1914), turcos y austríacos pasaron de enemigos a aliados, constituyendo con el Imperio alemán el bloque denominado como Imperios Centrales, cuya derrota supuso la común desintegración (1918).

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AtlBalk1400.jpg 
Los Balcanes en 1400.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AtlBalk1600.jpg 
Los Balcanes en 1600.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OttomanEmpireIn1683-es.svg 
El Imperio otomano en su máxima expansión (1683).

Avance turco hasta Hungría
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Mohács,_Turkish_miniature.jpg   
La Batalla de Mohacs (1526) en una miniatura turca.Si bien los Habsburgo fueron ocasionalmente reyes de Hungría (además de archiduques de Austria y emperadores del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico), no fueron protagonistas de las guerras contra los otomanos hasta el siglo XVI. Ese papel correspondió hasta entonces a otras dinastías húngaras (Jagellón, Hunyadi), así como a las demás nacionalidades del complejo mundo balcánico (alemanes, serbios, croatas, albaneses, transilvanos, moldavos, valacos, búlgaros, griegos, etc.), entre las que destacaron líderes anti-turcos como Vlad Tepes.                                   La Batalla de Mohacs (1526) en una miniaturca turca

El avance turco hacia Europa central atrajo la ayuda de los estados cristianos occidentales, conscientes de la amenaza para la cristiandad que ese hecho suponía, y se organizaron verdaderas cruzadas en las batallas de Nicópolis (1396, con participación húngara y francesa) y de Varna (1444, con participación húngara y polaca). El Reino de Hungría había llegado a hacer frontera con el Imperio otomano y sus estados vasallos.

En la Batalla de Mohács (29 de agosto de 1526), el rey Luis II de Hungría y I de Bohemia murió; y su viuda, María de Austria, huyó para refugiarse junto a su hermano, el archiduque Fernando de Austria, quien reforzó su reivindicación al trono vacante con su matrimonio con Ana, hermana del rey Luis II, único miembro de la familia real. Fernando fue elegido rey de Hungría y de Bohemia por una Dieta fuertemente dividida, reunida en Bratislava; mientras que Juan I Szapolyai fue elegido rey por una Dieta rival (diciembre de 1526). Quedó el reino así dividido entre la zona noroeste, la Hungría real de Fernando, integrada entre los Estados de los Habsburgo; y el reino de Hungría de Szapolyai, vasallo del Imperio otomano, cuya parte suroriental terminó configurándose como Principado de Transilvania. La zona central, sometida a la mayor presión militar, se conoce con el nombre de Hungría otomana, y sufrió continuos vaivenes en los siguientes siglos.6

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EmperorSuleiman.jpg 
Suleimán el Magnífico, hacia 1530, por Tiziano.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Emperor_Ferdinand.jpg 
Fernando de Habsburgo, hacia 1531, por Barthel Beham.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Szapolyai_János_fametszet.jpg 
Juan Szapolyai.

Avance de los Habsburgo
En 1527 Fernando atacó la parte de Hungría controlada por Szapolyai, muy debilitado por divisiones internas, y que no consiguió evitar que Fernando conquistara Buda y otras plazas clave a lo largo del Danubio. El sultán otomano Solimán el Magnífico esperó para acudir en su ayuda hasta el 10 de mayo de 1529, cuando envió un imponente ejército imponente de más de 100.000 hombres.

Primer asedio de Viena
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SiegeOfViennaByOttomanForces.jpg  
Representación del Sitio de Viena en una miniatura turca. Los otomanos, desde un campamento fortificado de tiendas multicolores, apuntan con su artillería a las murallas vienesas, a cuyas almenas se asoman soldados con armaduras.Artículo principal: Sitio de Viena
Los turcos arrebataron fácilmente a Fernando gran parte de las conquistas que éste había realizado en los dos años precedentes; y sólo la fortaleza de Bratislava ofreció una eficaz resistencia. Considerando las dimensiones del ejército de Solimán y la devastación desatada sobre Hungría pocos años antes, era lógica la falta de voluntad de las zonas en disputa para resistir los ataques.

El sultán llegó a Viena el 27 de septiembre de 1529. El ejército de Fernando contaba con cerca de 16.000 soldados (número siete veces inferior al de los atacantes), y las murallas de Viena no debieran haber sido suficientes para la potencia de fuego de los cañones otomanos; pero las medidas de reforzamiento adoptadas permitieron que la ciudad se defendiera con gran vigor. También contribuyeron las lluvias e inundaciones, que impidieron usar las armas de fuego con efectividad y dificultaron las maniobras ofensivas. 

El 12 de octubre, después de haber minado y contraminado, se reunió un consejo de guerra otomano, que el 14 de octubre decidió abandonar el asedio. 

 La retirada del ejército turco fue estorbada por la fiera resistencia de Bratislava que, todavía una vez más, le bombardeó. Las primeras nevadas complicaron aún más la situación de la expedición turca. La dureza de la derrota, y los conflictos existentes en otros lugares del Imperio desviaron la atención prioritaria del sultán, lo que hizo que tuvieran que pasar tres años antes de que Solimán pudiera comenzar una nueva campaña en Hungría.

La "Pequeña Guerra"
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Siege_of_Esztergom_1543.jpg 
Sitio de Esztergom por los turcos en 1543, pintura de historia (siglo XVII).https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Egri_no.jpg 
Las mujeres defienden la ciudad de Eger contra los turcos, en una pintura de historia de Bertalan Székely, 1867.Con el nombre de "pequeña guerra" o "pequeña guerra de Hungría" se conoce historiográficamente al periodo entre 1529 (el sitio de Viena) y 1551 (el sitio de Eger).7 Las hostilidades se reanudaron en 1530, cuando, aprovechándose de la retirada turca, el archiduque Fernando lanzó una ofensiva que reconquistó la ciudad húngara de Esztergom (conocida con los nombres de Gran, Orishon o Estrigonia) además de otras fortalezas. El asalto a Buda fue detenido por la presencia de soldados otomanos.

Como ocurrió en la ofensiva anterior, el retorno de los otomanos forzó nuevamente a los Habsburgo a retornar a una posición defensiva. En 1532 Solimán envió un enorme ejército con el objetivo de capturar Viena; pero finalmente se tomó un trayecto distinto, hacia Koszeg (también llamada Güns). La heroica defensa por parte de una fuerza austríaca compuesta por solo 700 soldados, consiguió resolverse con una rendición honrosa de la fortaleza, en la que simplemente se levantó el estandarte turco.8 Conforme con esta demostración de poder, el sultán no deseó arriesgar más y se retiró de nuevo, lo que en la práctica reconocía las limitadas conquistas austríacas en Hungría, mientras que al mismo tiempo forzó a Fernando a reconocer a Juan I Szapolyai como rey de Hungría.

Mientras la paz entre los austríacos y los otomanos duró nueve años, Juan I Szapolyai y Fernando de Habsburgo encontraron conveniente seguir luchando a los largo de su frontera. En 1537 Fernando rompió el tratado de paz enviando a sus generales más hábiles al desastroso asedio de Osijek que finalmente resultó un triunfo para los otomanos (batalla de Dakovo).9

En 1540 la muerte de Juan Szapolyai llevó a Austria a avanzar nuevamente hacia Buda reclamando sus derechos reales sobre la ciudad, y argumentando que el rey Juan I había violado el pacto, pues poco tiempo antes de morir nació Juan Segismundo Szapolyai, a quien hizo coronar de inmediato, mientras que el acuerdo entre ambos reyes preveía que tras la muerte del rey húngaro sin herederos el trono sería de Fernando. El sultán turco Solimán, enterándose de que los dos reyes habían pactado a sus espaldas, decidió ocupar Buda. El ejército austríaco fue aniquilado por Solimán, mientras el más anciano general austríaco, Wilhelm von Roggendorf, pagó con su propia vida su incapacidad de detener el avance turco (25 de agosto de 1541). Solimán procedió a aniquilar de facto a Hungría. En 1543 se puso sitio y rindió la ciudad de Esztergom.10 En 1551, cuando fue impuesto un tratado de paz, la Hungría habsbúrguica había sido reducida a una tierra de frontera. Sin embargo, en Eger los austríacos obtuvieron una sorprendente victoria, en parte gracias a la participación de la población civil, incluidas las mujeres (1552).11

La "pequeña guerra" vio oportunidades desperdiciadas por ambos lados; las tentativas de los austríacos de incrementar su influencia en Hungría fueron fallidas, al igual que los intentos otomanos de asaltar Viena. A pesar de la objetiva situación de empate, eso no suponía el mantenimiento permanente de un statu quo ya que el Imperio Otomano era un adversario demasiado poderoso y peligroso. En los siguientes 100 años, los austríacos debieron permanecer a la defensiva, evitando costosas batallas como las de Buda y Osijek. En cualquier caso, los intereses estratégicos de los Habsburgo no contemplaban únicamente la lucha contra el avance islámico en Europa, pues incluían también la lucha contra los protestantes alemanes, que minaban la autoridad imperial (tras la abdicación de Carlos V, hermano mayor de Fernando, éste fue elegido Emperador -1558-, y tras él toda la línea de sus descendientes en la rama vienesa); mientras que la rama española de la familia (la Monarquía Católica, en la que se sucedieron los descendientes de Felipe II, hijo de Carlos) tenía un enfoque aún más global, que incluía la expansión por América y los océanos de todo el mundo (rivalizando primero con los portugueses y luego con ingleses y holandeses), además del mantenimiento de la hegemonía europea, comprometida frente a Francia en las guerras de Italia (hasta que Francia se vio dividida por las guerras de religión), frente a los rebeldes flamencos durante la guerra de los Ochenta Años (1568-1648), y en el Mediterráneo, durante todo el periodo, frente a la flota turca. Los otomanos por su parte no pudieron expandir su poder tal y como lo habían hecho en tiempos pasados.

Las "Guerras del Turco" en el Mediterráneo
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gulf_and_Island_of_Djerba_by_Piri_Reis.jpg   
Mapa de la costa tunecina con la isla de Djerba, donde tuvo lugar la Jornad

CULTURE

DONATE TO A WORTHY CAUSE BY LOS TOONS: "ECHALE GANAS"

Dichos y Refranes by Ray Padilla

Dichos used by Mexican Americans compiled by researchers at the Julian Samora

Research Institute (JSRI) at Michigan State University in the mid 1990s.
Archived by Raymond V. Padilla

Main Heading Goes Here
Subheading Goes Here

1.0 Dime con quien andas y te dire quien eres

1.1 Con el rabo entre las piernas

1.2 A caballo regalado no hay que mirarle el
      diente

1.3 Perro que ladra no muerde

1.4 En boca cerrada no entran moscas

1.5 Para tonto no se estudia

1.6 Camaron que se duerme se lo lleva la
      corriente

1.7 Parece mosquita muerta

1.8 El que la hace la paga

1.9 Parece que no rompe un plato

1.10 Barajeamelas despacio

1.11 Ganar el pan con el sudor de la frente

1.12 Es un sabelotodo

1.13 Chiquito pero picoso

1.14 Cada chango a su mecate

1.15 El que se fue a la villa perdio su silla

1.16 Esta en la luna

1.17 Me traen de un ala

1.18 Volando bajo

1.19 Darle duro

1.20 A troche y moche

1.21 A buena hambre no hay mal pan

1.22 Va como cangrejo, para atras

1.23 El casado casa quiere

1.24 Limosnero y con garrote

1.25 En un abrir y cerrar de ojos

1.26 Barriga llena corazon contento

1.27 Dar atole con el dedo

1.28 Vale madres

1.29 Hijole manito

1.30 Mas vale tarde que nunca

1.31 Las paredes oyen

1.32 No le cabe en la cabeza

1.33 Ni picha, ni cacha, ni deja batear

1.34 Que te traes

1.35 Se cree mucho

1.36 Que te cuesta!

1.37 El que mucho abarca poco aprieta

1.38 Algo es algo

1.39 Peor es nada

1.40 Esta de la fregada

1.41 Se me pegaron las sabanas

1.42 La esperanza nunca muere

1.43 Esta salado

1.44 Tener buen colmillo

1.45 Andarse por las ramas

1.46 Matar el tiempo

1.47 Se quedo a vestir santos

1.48 Esta bien parado

1.49 Ir al grano

1.50 Lo dejaron plantado

1.51 Metio la pata

1.52 Cargarle la mano

1.53 Dar patadas de ahogado

1.54 Luz de la calle oscuridad de la casa

1.55 Esta como agua para chocolate

1.56 Estar frito

1.57 Hacerse agua la boca

1.58 Lo cortes no quita lo valiente

1.59 Tira la piedra y esconde la mano

1.60 Mas vale malo por conocido que bueno por
        conoce

1.61 A otro perro con ese hueso

1.62 Create fama y acuestate a dormir

1.63 Va de mal en peor

1.64 Salir de Guatemala y llegar a Guatepeor

1.65 Asi es la vida

1.66 Hasta lo que no comes te hace dano

1.67 Juntos pero no revueltos

1.68 No hay mal que por bien no venga

1.69 Le entra por una oreja y le sale por la otra

1.70 Con paciencia se gana el cielo

1.71 El que guarda siempre tiene

1.72 Donde una puerta se cierra otra se abre

1.73 Valgame Dios

1.74 Me esta tomando el pelo

1.75 Cada loco con su tema

1.76 Es un hombre hecho y derecho 
        (applies also to women)

1.77 Ojala!

1.78 Cada cabeza es un mundo

1.79 Al pie de la letra

1.80 Los ninos y los borrachos siempre dicen la
        verdad

1.81 No tiene ni un perro que le ladre

1.82 La verdad no peca pero incomoda

1.83 Para todo hay remedio menos para la muerte

1.84 Cuando Dios no quiere santos no pueden

1.85 Mala yerba nunca muere

1.86 Nadie sabe para quien trabaja

1.87 Mas sabe el diablo por viejo que por diablo

1.88 Mas vale paso que dure y no trote que canse

1.89 Lejos de los ojos, lejos del corazon/Amor de 
        lejos, amor de pendejos

1.90 Quien a hierro mata a hierro muere

1.91 Quien pregunta no erra

1.92 Cada quien va cargado con su cruz

1.93 Es hijo de la mala vida

BOOKS & PRINT MEDIA

        NEW PUBLICATION OF MEXICAN DIPLOMATIC ACCOMPLISHMENT DURING SPANISH CIVIL WAR            Objetivo: Salvar Vidas México en Madrid 1936

Historical Novel by 
María Elena Laborde y Pérez Treviño 
mayelena47@gmail.com 

Galvez / Spain - Our Forgotten Ally in the American Revolutionary War: A Concise Summary of Spain's Assistance, by Judge Ed Butler  

So far, this book has won five awards: 
1) The Texas Connection To The American Revolution presented the "
     Best American History Book about the American Revolutionary War in 2014;
2)  Readers' Review gave it its "5 Star Award;"  
3)  The Sons of the Republic of Texas presented its "Presidio La Bahia Award; "
4)  Texas Hill Country Chapter of Colonial Dames - "Best History Book in 2015."
5)   International Latino Book Award for Best History Book in 2016, plus an
6)   Honorable Mention in the 2016 North Texas Book Festival's Book Awards for 
      Adult  Non Fiction.  

Copies of Galvez book: $29.00 each   
Copies of Galvez book in Color  on Searchable CD: $15.00 each 
Copies of both Galvez book and Color CD: $39.00 each                                                 

George Washington's Secret Ally, by Judge Ed Butler  

A perfect book for students available in numerous .  
Copies of George Washington book: $7.50  
Copies of George Washington book on Searchable Color CD: $5.00
Copies of both George Washington book and CD: $11.00  
Copies of both books and both CDs $49.00    

 Postage & Handling $6.50 per book order, add $1. for inclusion of a CD.       

Make Check Payable and Mail to: 
Southwest Historic Press 
PO Box 170                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     24165 IH-10 West Suite 217-170                                                                                                                       San Antonio, TX 78257                           

"SOMOS PRIMOS" DVD OF PAST ISSUES (1990-1999)

$10.00 INCLUDING TAX OR $12.50 IF IT INCLUDES SHIPPING  

YOU CAN NOW ORDER TEN YEARS (1990-1999) OF PAST QUARTERLY ISSUES OF "SOMOS PRIMOS", HERETOFORE ONLY AVAILABLE IN PRINT.  ALL ISSUES ARE INCLUDED IN ONE DVD IN JPG FORMAT.   INDEXES ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE FIRST FIVE YEARS (1990-1995) AND THE REMAINING COPIES EACH HAVE A TABLE OF CONTENTS.  

THE DVD WITH ALL THE PAST ISSUES (1990-1999) IS AVAILABLE AT THE LOW PRICE OF $10.00 INCLUDING TAX PLUS $2.50 FOR SHIPPING.  TO ORDER YOUR COPY SIMPLY COMPLETE THE ORDER FORM BELOW AND MAIL IT WITH YOUR CHECK FOR $12.50.  EXPECT YOUR DVD WITHIN TEN DAYS AFTER YOUR ORDER HAS BEEN RECEIVED.  

ORDER FORM

NAME:___________________________________________

ADDRESS: _____________________________________________________

CITY:_____________________   STATE:_______________________ ZIP:_____

NUMBER OF DVD'S DESIRED ____________________

AMOUNT ENCLOSED:  ______________________

MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO: SHHAR
PLEASE SEND IT TO:  SHHAR 
P.O. BOX 4911
ANAHEIM, CA 92803

ORANGE COUNTY, CA

March 11th: SHHAR: Finding your Roots in Mexico by John Schmal
Looking Ahead: SHHAR's Fall Trip to Salt Lake Family Search Library in Utah 
Heritage Museum of OC Receives a National Endowment for the Humanities Grant
Community recognized two Top Educators: Dr. Stefanie Phillips  and Dr. Linda Rose
Potter's Lane complex in Midway city houses units made from cargo containers
Mexican Barrio of Westminster, California by Albert Vela, Ph.D. Marco Sanchez
University's Generation United Nations, advocates for refugees by Angie Marcos

Come join us at the March 11, 2017 monthly meeting of the Society Of Hispanic Historical & Ancestral Research (SHHAR) featuring John Schmal, author of several genealogy/history books and genealogy researcher.   At this meeting John Schmal will make a presentation on"Finding Your Roots in Mexico", designed for both beginners and for experienced researchers. John has done extensive research in Mexico through the years and will be ready to answer any questions pertaining to the genealogy of the Mexican people.  

John Schmal is a long time member of the SHHAR Board of Directors and has been a great resource to the organization through the years.   

The free presentation will take place at the Orange Family History Center, 674 S. Yorba St., Orange. 

Volunteers will provide research assistance from 9 -10 a.m., and Schmal will speak from 10:15 -11:30 a.m. For information, contact Letty Rodella at lettyr@sbcglobal.net.  

Looking Ahead:  SHHAR’s Trip to

The Salt Lake Family Search Library in Utah 

Fall, 2017


Would you like to do something really special 
for Hispanic Heritage month this year?

Have you ever thought of visiting the Global Center of Family History Research?  The Society of Hispanic Historical & Ancestral Research, in collaboration with the Family Search staff, is planning a trip this year. 

We have two dates open:  Sept 21-23 or Oct 12-14

1) Thursday, Sept. 21th and Friday 22th, presentations and lectures then Saturday Sept. 23th, one-on-one research assistance and local site seeing. Or
2) Thursday – Saturday, Oct 12-14 same schedule as in Sept.

Everyone is invited.  There is no cost for attending.  In order to secure staff, conference rooms, hotel, etc,

We need a tentative number of attendees ASAP.  
Please let me know if you would like to participate and which time frame you prefer.

 
Please contact, Letty Rodella lettyr@sbcglobal.net

Potter's Lane complex in Midway city 
will house 15 residents in units made from cargo containers
 by Theresa Walker, The Orange County Register, 2-9-17

MIDWAY CITY – Dignitaries commanded the microphone Wednesday at the unveiling of the nearly completed Potter’s Lane container housing complex, but James “Jimmy” Palmiter’s words from the back of the crowd spoke volumes.

“Thank you!” Palmiter, 59, called out several times as he listened to more than a half-dozen speakers praise the innovation it took to create 16 studio-apartment units from refurbished cargo containers as housing for homeless veterans like him.

Potter’s Lane, built and managed by the nonprofit American Family Housing, is said to be the first example in the nation of a multi-unit permanent housing complex fashioned from cargo containers.

“Thinking outside of the box is what we have to do to get these veterans housed,” Timothy Wilson, homeless veterans health care coordinator for the Department of Veterans Affairs in Long Beach, told a crowd of about 300 visitors.

Fifteen of the 480-square-foot units at the two-story Jackson Street complex are earmarked for homeless veterans; an on-site manager will occupy the other unit. Amenities at Potter’s Lane include a common room and a central patio with a barbecue and a garden with raised beds to grow vegetables. Pets are allowed.

Rents will be subsidized, with wraparound services offered through the VA and Orange County’s Illumination Foundation, a nonprofit that, along with the VA, is placing the veterans in the housing units at Potter’s Lane.

“Oh, I love it,” Paul Leon, Illumination Foundation founder and president, said before the formal speeches began. “I feel this is going to be the campus model.”

Illumination Foundation will soon be using space at American Family Housing’s headquarters next door to Potter’s Lane to provide as many as 25 homeless individuals recovering from health emergencies with recuperative after-care, Leon said.

Palmiter, a Vietnam War-era veteran who served stateside, got his first look at the fully furnished units Wednesday, along with his dog, Fifi, and invited guests who included state and local officials, active-duty service members, heads of local nonprofits, and volunteers and donors.

“I can’t believe all the stuff they put in there,” said Palmiter, who moved last month from his van into temporary quarters at American Family Housing’s main building when the container units were still bare bones.  “Did you see the coffeemaker? It’s gigantic.”

Each unit is furnished with a double bed, easy chair, dresser and flat-screen TV, small dining table and fully equipped kitchen. A women’s church group in Westminster contributed handmade red, white and blue-themed quilts.

Move-in day, expected to take place next week, awaits final inspections and an occupancy permit from the county.

“Who would have guessed that Orange County would be the leader in this nation, on this front?” Donna Gallup, president and chief executive of American Family Housing, said in her remarks to the crowd, pausing to wait out the applause. “But we are.”

Yet a pair of protesters held signs on the sidewalk nearby.

Army veteran Chris Mogelberg and his wife, Renee Genel Valdez, a former paid assistant to Gallup, said they were wrongfully evicted last fall from another AFH property after complaining about the condition of their apartment and other alleged irregularities.

The couple say they have scrambled to pay for motel rooms, where they now stay with their young daughter.

Mexican Barrio of Westminster, California by Albert Vela, Ph.D. 

Julie Gonzales
1721 Melrose Ave #7
Chula Vista, Ca. 91911 
julahuera@msn.com  

October 8th. . .  from Julie 

Oct 7, 2016 Frank mendoza  mendozafrank51@yahoo.com  wrote:

Lou Correa, Orange County's new 'homegrown' congressman 
plans to bring an immigrant's perspective to Washington 
by Christine Mai Duc, The Los Angeles Times, 12-2-16

There’s the Lou Correa who many voters have met on the campaign trail: the self-described “homegrown” candidate who’s an affable but unapologetic, middle-of-the-road Democrat.

http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-lou-correa-orange-county-20161202-story.html

Marco Sanchez, president of the university's Generation United Nations, advocates for refugees

by Angie Marcos

Newspaper: The Orange County Register,  Feb 6 2017
 http://www.ocregister.com/articles/refugee
-743337-future-chapter.html

LOS ANGELES, CA

A crowd at the 1958 dedication of the Ft. Moore Pioneer Memorial 
on Hill Street in downtown Los Angeles. (Bruce Cox / Los Angeles Times)

After four decades, the drought is about to end 
for downtown L.A.'s Ft. Moore Hill monument 
Contact reporter: Doug Smith 

CSUF theater alum Vanessa Espino receives prestigious Millennial Fellowship from Jewish Women's Fellowship

She isn’t Jewish, but Vanessa Espino says her Catholic Hispanic values are interchangeable with those of the Jewish community.

She hopes to further delve into how these cultures compare and differ as part of a new opportunity she was recently granted.

Cal State Fullerton theater alumna Espino, 31, has been chosen as a Millennial Fellow for New Arts Council, Mentorship and Experimental Theatre by the Jewish Women’s Theatre (JWT).

The theater, based in Santa Monica, recently introduced a new millennial arts initiative providing paid opportunities for young adults to develop new Jewish arts and culture.

Espino was one of 12 fellows chosen from about 50 applicants.

Fellows are working together to develop and produce an original theatrical show titled “The Space Between.” The production will focus on the millennial generation’s struggles and triumphs.

Espino is working on the production’s literary team, which includes reading and revising the script.

Since graduating from CSUF in 2012 with a bachelor’s degree in theatre production with an emphasis in playwriting, Espino has written about five hour-long plays, all of which have a strong Hispanic female presence.

“I am from a very loud, family-centric upbringing and women were the center of that,” Espino said.

But that’s not to say she’s completely unfamiliar with the Jewish community; her fiance is Jewish.

“Even though I am not of the Jewish faith, I do accompany my fiance and his family to services,” Espino said. “And even though they are not the same traditions, the underlying message is the same.”

Last year, Espino was awarded the Inkwell Playwright’s Promise Award at the Hollywood Fringe Festival for her play “Odilia.”

The play centers around a the traditional Hispanic Day of the Dead theme where a woman – Odilia – is sent to the “middle ground.” There she is confronted with sugar skeletons who help her find her way back to the land of the living and back to life.

“It’s an inspiration of the sense of self – her needs, wants and what would make her happy,” she said.

This theme ties in closely with the theme of JWT’s fellowship production, she said.

Espino’s interest in theater began in high school, when she was offered the role of stage manager. This was a role she carried through junior college and into CSUF.

Espino grew up in Rancho Santa Margarita; she attended Temescal Canyon High School in Lake Elsinore.She credits College of the Arts faculty members with encouraging her to take on a playwriting role.

“Besides working under very supportive mentors, the CSUF Theatre Department was to me an island of artists. It was a place where you could express any idea in any way and be challenged to go further from professors and peers,” Espino said. “It was a time of unbridled creativity that I really do cherish. College was a challenge but having time and space to really explore what I could do as an artist was the best part of my education.”

During her time at CSUF, Espino was the only Hispanic female in her playwriting class, a detail that became a struggle.

“Back in college it was really hard to be one of two women in the room; I was the only Mexican woman,” Espino said. “It was hard getting people to understand what I was trying to say from my cultural point of view.”

“I hope that this fellowship will also create more opportunities for me to continue to make theater my full-time profession,” Espino said. “What I most want to gain from my time at JWT is experience on a more administrative and producing level.”

While not being Jewish can be trying at times, Espino praises JWT for allowing her to incorporate her culture into the fellowship and production.

“I am proud to be a Latina, a writer, a daughter, a sister and a storyteller,” Espino said. “I take pride in every piece of work I am able to share with an audience because it is not just a piece of who I am that I am sharing, but a piece of where I come from.”

California faces a looming teacher shortage, and the problem is getting worse 
by Howard Blume,
LA Times, 1-30-16

Sent by Sister Mary Sevilla, marysevilla@mac.com 

CALIFORNIA 

March 4 - May 12 Free 12-classes printmaking workshop by international artist Gustavo Mora
         Mission Cultural Center, San Francisco
California as an Island and Worlds That Never Were exhibit, on display through March 29
Learning California's Bilingual Constitution, Readers Theatre presented by 
        Kennedy Elementary 5th graders
CSUF is new home of journal that chronicles California trends.
Institute for the Study of Presidios held in February
Memories of Leo Carrillo by Dr. Refugio Rochin
Genealogy for My Grandmother, Refugio Bernabe Boronda by Suzanne Pritchard

March 4 - May 12 Free 12-classes printmaking workshop by international artist Gustavo Mora
         Mission Cultural Center, San Francisco

The maps on the walls show a world where California is an island. 
Some show sea monsters roaming the oceans.

Prior to water projects in the area, the region had a large delta that flowed into the sea, she said.
“So it would look as if California itself was one real island,” Brunelle said. “If you think about the mountain barrier, in a way California is ecologically an island separate from the contiguous states.”
It wasn’t until Italian Jesuit priest Father Eusebio Kino’s map in 1698 debunking the theory of California as an island that other maps began portraying the region as a connected segment of land.

Brunelle, whose specialization lies in iconography in early modern maps, noted that some of the images – such as sea monsters – seen on the exhibit’s maps are based on classical literature figures.|

“What they are filling in are spaces of the mind as well as spaces in the map,” she said. “What they are emphasizing are the dangers and the foreignness, the otherness of these areas of the world that they don‘t know a great deal about.”

The cartography exhibit additionally highlights the skills required by map makers, said Patricia Prestinary, university archivist and one of the exhibit’s curators.

“Cartography is a technical skill but it’s also an art; you have this combination of art and science coming together,” she said.

For Prestinary, the vastly different images on the maps are what attract her attention.  “I like the misrepresentations,” she said. “I like the oddities and inaccuracies; I enjoy those flights of fantasy and imagination that used to express their fears and anxieties and what was unknown at the time.”
“I think one of the themes that we are seeing here is the beginning of worldwide exploration and this kind of tug-of-war between classical thought and religion and science,” she said.

Roy V. Boswell Collection for the History of Cartography
More than 1,500 maps, atlases, books and materials that support the studying of maps make up CSUF’s Roy V. Boswell Collection for the History of Cartography, which is a part of Pollak Library’s University Archives and Special Collections.

The collection was founded in 1971 by CSUF founding librarian Ernest W. Toy and rare book aficionado Boswell.

The “California as an Island” maps have not been exhibited since 1984; the “Worlds That Never Were” maps were last exhibited in 1992.



Many of the exhibit’s “Worlds That Never Were” maps are made from woodcut printing, a very time-consuming and delicate process. Later maps used copperplate printing.

While some of the maps were printed on a single sheet for displaying purposes, many were taken from atlases.

“One time dealers would remove (the maps) from books and have them colored in – the original maps were not colored – and then they would sell them because they could make more money off of the maps if they sold them individually,” Prestinary said.

It was geographers and sailors’ knowledge of the New World, along with their verbal accounts and coastal sketches that would aid the scholars who had studied and dedicated their time to drawing these maps.
Brunelle and Prestinary agree that previous ownership of these maps were thought to be an indication of the displayer’s wealth and intelligence.

“People who wanted to appear to be educated and enlightened in the Renaissance Era seemed more sophisticated if they had a world map up on their wall,” Prestinary said. “We still do that to some degree.”
Cartographers as we once knew them are diminishing greatly, due largely in part to technology.
“There is a lot of dimensionality now that we didn’t have before,” Prestinary said.

While the ways in which maps are created and interpreted today are vastly different from two centuries ago, they still and will always remain relevant, she said.

“Maps are really important in our daily lives,” Prestinary said. “International business, history, anthropology and almost any subject requires being able to understand maps – and not just maps that show what a country looks like, but political maps, topographic maps, thematic maps and maps that talk about population growth.”

The past, present and future of cartography
On Monday, February 6,  Prestinary and fellow exhibit curators hosted a “Maps and their Geography: Exploring the Past, Present and Future,” a day-long program including four educational cartography-related sessions.  The event was free and open to the public.

Link:  http://www.ocregister.com/articles/maps-743341-map-island.html